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Restoration of axon conduction and motor deficits by therapeutic treatment with glatiramer acetate.

Glatiramer acetate (GA; Copaxone) is an approved drug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The underlying multifactorial anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective effect of GA is in the induction of reactive T cells that release immunomodulatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors at the injury site. These GA-induced cytokines and growth factors may have a direct effect on axon function. Building on previous findings that suggest a neuroprotective effect of GA, we assessed the therapeutic effects of GA on brain and spinal cord pathology and functional correlates using the chronic experimental…

Evidence-based guideline update: Plasmapheresis in neurologic disorders [RETIRED]: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.

OBJECTIVE: To reassess the role of plasmapheresis in the treatment of neurologic disorders. METHODS: We evaluated the available evidence ba … eresis is established as ineffective and should not be offered for chronic or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) (Class I studies, Level A). Plasmapheresis is probably effective and should be considered for mild AIDP/GBS, as second-line treatment of steroid-resistant exacerbations in relapsing forms of MS, and for neuropathy associated with immunoglobulin …

Декодирование роли белков большого теплового шока в прогрессии нейроинфламмированных нервно-дегенеративных расстройств.

Хроническая нейроинфламмация и агрегация белков являются основными явлениями, которые в основном являются причиной развития нейродегенеративных заболеваний (НН). Потенциальные нейротоксичные изменения в внутриклеточной и внеклеточной среде являются типичными особенностями многих НУ. Лечение ND является сложной задачей, поскольку симптомы у этих пациентов возникают тогда, когда значительное количество нейронов уже уничтожено. Протеины от теплового удара (HSP) могут связываться с клетками-реципиентами, подверженными стрессу, такими, как нейроны, в внеклеточной среде, что повышает сопротивление с

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Chronic neuroinflammation and protein aggregation are the fundamental events mainly responsible for the progression of neurodegenerative dis … iew emphasizes the role of various HSPs in the progression of NDs such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, and Huntington's disease, including diabetes, which is one of the major risk factors for neurodegeneration.

Demyelination and neurodegeneration early in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis contribute to functional deficits in the anterior visual pathway.

Impaired visual function is a prevalent feature of optic neuritis (ON) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Abnormal visual evoked potential (VEP) findings of increased latencies, reduced amplitudes and abnormal waveforms as well as decreased retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) are hallmarks of ON-induced visual dysfunction. Here we utilized the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS to investigate the functional and pathological progression during early (before any clinical symptoms), peak (initial maximal clinical symptoms), and l…

Frequency of an intrathecal IgM synthesis and MRZ reaction in children with MS.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the CNS. An intrathecal IgM synthesis is associated with a more rapid progression of MS and the intrathecal immune response to measles -, rubella -and varicella zoster virus (MRZR) which, if present, increases the likelihood of a diagnosis of MS in adults. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of an intrathecal IgM synthesis and MRZR in children with MS. MethodsChildren with MS and a data set including clinical and treatment history, MRI at onset, in addition to a CSF analysis, and determination of antib…

Роль митохондриальных вариантов ДНК и дисфункции в патогенезе и прогрессирование множественных склерозов.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое аутоиммунное заболевание, затрагивающее центральную нервную систему (КНС). Этиология MS по-прежнему остается неуловимой, при этом сложное взаимодействие генетических и экологических факторов способствует ее патогенезу. Недавние исследования показали, что митохондриальная ДНК (mtDNA) является потенциальным игроком в разработке и развитии MS. Эти исследования охватывали варианты mtDNA, варианты числа копий и Haplogroups. Целью этого описательного обзора является обобщение нынешнего понимания роли MtDNA в НР. Результаты этого обзора свидетельствуют о том,

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). The etiology of MS remains elusive, with a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors contributing to its pathogenesis. Recent studies showed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as a potential player in the development and progression of MS. These studies…

Long Noncoding RNAs and Circular RNAs in Autoimmune Diseases.

Immune responses are essential for the clearance of pathogens and the repair of injured tissues; however, if these responses are not properl … regulation of ncRNA in four autoimmune diseases-systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Improving quality of life in multiple sclerosis: an unmet need.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects approximately 400,000 people in the United States and 2.1 million people worldwide. It is the most common chronic, non-traumatic neurological disorder afflicting young people during their peak productive ages. MS can diminish quality of life (QOL) by interfering with the ability to work, pursue leisure activities, and carry on usual life roles. Symptoms that affect QOL may include impaired mobility, fatigue, depression, pain, spasticity, cognitive impairment, sexual dysfunction, bowel and bladder dysfunction, vision and hearing problems, seizures, and sDwallowin…

Characterization of Upper Limb Impairments at Body Function, Activity, and Participation in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis by Behavioral and EMG Assessment: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating and disabling disease which primarily affects individuals in their early life between 20 and 40 years of age. MS is a complex condition, which may lead to a variety of upper limb (UL) dysfunctions and functional deficits. Objective: To explore upper limb impairments at body function, activity, and participation in persons with MS (PwMS) and severe hand dexterity impairment by behavioral and surface electromyography (sEMG) assessments. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study involved 41 PwMS with severe hand d…

Metformin ameliorates the severity of experimental Alport syndrome.

Metformin is widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and increasing numbers of studies have shown that metformin also ameliorates tumor progression, inflammatory disease, and fibrosis. However, the ability of metformin to improve non-diabetic glomerular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been explored. To investigate the effect of metformin on non-diabetic glomerular disease, we used a mouse model of Alport syndrome (Col4a5 G5X) which were treated with metformin or losartan, used as a control treatment. We also investigated the effect of metformin on adriamycin-induced

Deficiency in the transcription factor NRF2 worsens inflammatory parameters in a mouse model with combined tauopathy and amyloidopathy.

Chronic neuroinflammation is a hallmark of the onset and progression of brain proteinopathies such as Alzheimer disease (AD) and it is suspe … ls. The immunomodulatory molecule dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a drug already used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis whose main target is accepted to be NRF2, was tested in this preclinical model. Daily oral gavage of DMF during six weeks reduced glial and inflammatory markers and improved cognition and motor complications in the AT-NRF2-WT mice compared with the …

Current therapies for the treatment of systemic sclerosis-related pulmonary arterial hypertension: efficacy and safety.

INTRODUCTION: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disease characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the skin, vascular abnormalities and variable involvement of organs. Patients with limited SSc typically develop pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). TNF-α, VEGF, platelet-derived growth factor and endothelin-1 play a key role in the development of PAH. AREAS COVERED: This paper addresses the efficacy and safety of current drugs used for the treatment of PAH. EXPERT OPINION: Bosentan, ambrisentan, sildenafil, tadalafil, iloprost, epoprostenol and treprostinil wer

Mediterranean and MIND Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Performance in Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the UK Multiple Sclerosis Register.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic auto-immune neuroinflammatory disorder presenting as a range of systemic and neurological symptoms, including cognitive impairment. Emerging evidence suggests that diets targeting brain health-such as the Mediterranean (MED) and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diets-may improve cognitive function; however, studies examining their role in people living with MS are limited. METHODS: We examined cross-sectional associations between diet and cognition data from 967 participants in the United Kingdom Multiple Scler…

Assessing verbal and spatial memory via smartphone.

INTRODUCTION: Detecting subtle cognitive decline in chronic central nervous system (CNS) disease is hampered by practice effects, motor conf … HODS: In a prospective study (2018-2025) we enrolled 315 adults [41 healthy donors, 217 people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), 57 other CNS disorders]. Participants completed 5,875 verbal and 2,588 spatial trials on the Neurological Functions Test Suite App. We extracted fourteen digital biomarkers reflecting individualized Sensory-Motor Processing Thresholds (iSMPT), …

Adaptation of the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire for Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis: Protocol for a User-Centered Design Approach.

BACKGROUND: Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is a chronic, progressive neurologic condition requiring lifelong management and coordinated transition from pediatric to adult care. Evidence-based guidelines identify transition readiness assessment as a core component of successful transition; however, most POMS clinics do not formally assess readiness, and existing tools do not address POMS-specific challenges, such as fluctuating disability, complex treatment regimens, and cognitive impairment. This gap underscores the need for a transition readiness measure tailored to POMS. OBJECTIV…

Urinary tract infection in patients with multiple sclerosis: An overview.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating, chronic, inflammatory, and autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with axonal degeneration, presenting a progressive and variable course. MS patients usually have complications, such as bladder dysfunction, presence of urinary symptoms, and Urinary Tract infection (UTI), which is one of the three most common non-neurological complications in MS patients. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the most diverse aspects of UTI in MS patients, focusing on risk factors, prevalence, hospitalization, mortality rates, diagnosis, and treatment of U…

A radiolabeled dendrimer non-invasively identifies and tracks innate immune cell activation in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease driven by infiltration of activated innate immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS). Current imaging approaches for diagnosing and monitoring disease progression rely on structural lesions and cannot directly assess innate immune activity. Here, we describe a dendrimer positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, 18F-flurimedrimer (18F-FMD), for non-invasive, longitudinal tracking of activated myeloid cells. In an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) murine model, 18F-FMD specifically detects myeloid activation a…

From emergency myelopoiesis to chronic myeloid reprogramming: hematopoietic dysregulation in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is classically understood through pathogenic T and B cell responses, while increasing evidence indicates that altered myelopoiesis and bone marrow-derived myeloid programs also contribute to disease initiation and progression. This review summarizes the dynamic evolution of hematopoietic dysregulation in MS, proposing a pathological mechanism spanning from transient emergency myelopoiesis to persistent chronic myeloid reprogramming. Driven by sustained inflammatory stress, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) undergo epigenetic remodeling to acquire a stable …

Ферроптоз: Новый Путь в взаимодействии между Гутом Микробиотой и множественным склерозом.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое аутоиммунное расстройство, отмеченное нейроинфламмацией, обезвоживанием и нервными повреждениями. Последние достижения указывают на новое взаимодействие между железозависимой клеточной смертностью, известной как ферроптоз, и кишечной микробиотой, которая может оказать значительное влияние на патофизиологию MS. Ферроптоз, движущийся липидным пероксидацией и тесно связанный с метаболизмом железа, является одним из основных факторов, вызывающих окислительный стресс, наблюдаемый в MS. В то же время кишечная микробиота, которая, как известно, влияет на систе

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder marked by neuroinflammation, demyelination, and neuronal damage. Recent advancements highlight a novel interaction between iron-dependent cell death, known as ferroptosis, and gut microbiota, which may significantly influences the pathophysiology of MS. Ferroptosis, driven by lipid peroxidation and tig…

Demyelinating Neurological Adverse Events following the Use of Anti-TNF-α Agents: A Double-Edged Sword.

BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis factor antagonists (anti-TNF-α) are an established therapeutic option for several autoimmune and inflammatory bow … owed multiple hyperintense enhancement lesions in the left paramedian anterior pons consistent with multiple sclerosis (MS). The second case included a 17-year-old woman who was on 2 years of adalimumab treatment for juvenile idiopathic arthritis and chronic anterior uveitis and developed new-onset dizziness and tremors. The clinical examination showed signs of cere …