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Management and outcome of pregnancies with parvovirus B19 infection over seven years in a tertiary fetal medicine unit.

OBJECTIVES: To determine rates of fetal anaemia and pregnancy outcome in susceptible pregnant women infected with human parvovirus B19 infection in a tertiary fetal medicine department over a 7-year period. Additional features enabling identification of fetuses that progress to severe anaemia were also investigated. METHODS: Forty-seven susceptible, pregnant women with confirmed parvovirus infection referred to a regional fetal medicine unit, over a 7-year period (1999-2006), were identified. Where possible maternal serum AFP measurements were obtained from second-trimester serum screening an…

Dose-by-dose virological and hematological responses to intravenous immunoglobulin in an immunocompromised patient with persistent parvovirus B19 infection.

A 42-year-old male with stage IV mantle cell lymphoma received chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. He developed pancytopaenia, and bone marrow examination indicated a parvovirus B19 (PVB 19)-induced red cell aplasia, confirmed by virological tests. Multiple doses of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) were given over the following months, with blood samples being taken after each dose for quantitative PVB 19 DNA and hematological testing to assess the response. Each dose of IVIG produced a 1-3 log(10) drop in PVB 19 DNA levels. Eventually, after the fifth dose…

Improved detection of acute parvovirus B19 infection by immunoglobulin M EIA in combination with a novel antigen EIA.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although parvovirus B19 is a significant blood product contaminant, few methods other than polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been developed to detect the presence of the virus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A B19 antigen enzyme immunoassay (EIA) has been developed and the sensitivity of detection is ascertained using dilutions of the B19 capsid protein VP2 and 10-fold dilutions of B19 viraemic serum. Once the assay cut-off was established, a panel of viraemic donations (n = 70) was screened by the antigen EIA. The B19 immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG status of these specim…

Selective regimen shift and demographic growth increase associated with the emergence of high-fitness variants of canine parvovirus.

The natural evolution of Canine parvovirus (CPV) is characterized by a variety of mutations, mainly in the VP1/VP2 gene. Although positive selection has been previously reported in CPV, little is known about its overall contribution to viral adaptation in the canine population. Herein, the influences of the evolutive constraints on CPV during a period of viral adaptation into a previously uninfected population are more clearly investigated. To do this, 31 sequences of VP1/VP2 gene obtained from symptomatic domestic dogs in Brazil were used, sampled from 1980 to 2000. Marked evolutionary change…

Seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 NS1-specific IgG in B19-infected and uninfected individuals and in infected pregnant women.

Parvovirus B19 is the causative agent of erythema infectiosum in children, but the virus is associated with an increasing range of different diseases. These include acute and chronic arthritis, hydrops fetalis in pregnant women, aplastic anemia, and thrombocytopenia. The host's immune response is directed against the viral structural proteins VP1 and VP2. This study investigated the presence of IgG against the viral nonstructural protein NS1 using Western blot. Serum panels from healthy individuals, B19-infected pregnant women, and various disease groups were tested. The disease groups include…

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital parvovirus B19 infection: value of serological and PCR techniques in maternal and fetal serum.

Intrauterine infection with parvovirus B19 (B19) is associated with non-immune hydrops fetalis, miscarriage and stillbirth. Accurate laboratory tests for diagnosis of B19 infection are required to exclude other diagnoses. We analysed the diagnostic value of B19 IgM antibody testing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the sera from 57 patients and their fetuses with abnormal ultrasonography. Viral DNA was found in 16 of the 58 fetuses (one twin pregnancy) whereas only 7 of these were tested positive for B19 IgM antibodies. The sera of all 16 mothers were also positive for B19 DNA. False-posi…

A report of human parvovirus B19 infection in hydrops fetalis. First Australian cases confirmed by serology and immunohistology.

OBJECTIVE: To present the first Australian cases of fetal hydrops induced by parvovirus B19. CLINICAL FEATURES: Autopsies on two cases of intrauterine fetal death with hydrops fetalis and pallor revealed evidence of myocarditis and widespread characteristic inclusion-bearing cells, predominantly erythroblasts. The diagnosis of hydrops fetalis induced by parvovirus B19 was confirmed in both cases by immunohistological localisation of the viral inclusions by means of a monoclonal antibody to the VP1 and VP2 proteins of parvovirus B19. A low level of parvovirus B19 IgM antibodies was detected in…

Occurrence of infection with a parvovirus-like agent in children with sickle cell anaemia during a two-year period.

The occurrence of infection with a parvovirus-like agent during the period April 1979-May 1981 in children attending a single sickle cell clinic in London was investigated. Virus was detected in serum by counter-current immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM). Viral antibody was detected by CIE and specific IgM antibody by an IgM-antibody capture assay. Of the 68 children studied nine presented in aplastic crisis and evidence of infection with the parvovirus-like agent at the time of the crisis was found in all nine. Eighteen of the other children were antibody-positive…

Pathogenesis of in utero infection: experimental infection of eight- and ten-week-old porcine fetuses with porcine parvovirus.

Selected numbers of fetuses in each of 4 pregnant gilts were exposed to a porcine parvovirus by injecting the virus into the allantoic fluid at gestation day 56 or 70. The fetuses were examined on postexposure day 7 or 14. When pregnancy was terminated, 2 of 15 exposed fetuses were dead. Several fetuses tested at post-exposure day 14 had hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to porcine parvovirus. Virus was detected most frequently and in highest concentration in the parenchymatous organs of thorax and abdomen of fetuses exposed on gestation day 56. A small amount of antigen was in neurons an…

Detecting Nonreportable Disease Trends Using Electronic Health Records: Human Parvovirus B19 in Minnesota, January 2019 Through September 2024.

OBJECTIVES: In 2024, an increase in human parvovirus B19 (B19) infections among pregnant patients resulting in severe fetal complications highlighted the lack of routine surveillance methods for nonreportable infections. We examined the utility of electronic health record (EHR) data for investigating statewide trends in nonreportable infections, using B19 as a case study. METHODS: We used EHR data from 10 health systems aggregated by the Minnesota Electronic Health Record Consortium to analyze statewide B19 trends in Minnesota. We mapped health system data to a common data model using concept…

Canine parvovirus cases (2010-2023): a retrospective study of 78,977 cases demonstrates declining incidence, but mortality risk remains.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes in characteristics of dogs diagnosed with canine parvovirus (CPV) disease presenting to a national network of primary care veterinary hospitals. METHODS: Records were searched from January 1, 2010, through June 30, 2023. Data were collected on signalment, clinical signs, laboratory results, and mortality for CPV-affected dogs. Variables were assessed via stepwise logistic regression models for association with mortality. RESULTS: Across > 1,000 hospitals, CPV was diagnosed in 78,977 dogs, declining from 45.2 cases per 10,000 dogs per year in 2010 to 6.5 case…

Parvovirus B19 Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Clinical Spectrum, Management, and Outcomes in a Large Multicentered Indian Cohort.

BACKGROUND: Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) is a clinically important cause of refractory anemia in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Data from low- and middle-income settings remain scarce despite high transplant volumes. This study evaluated the clinical spectrum, management practices, and outcomes of PVB19 infection across major transplant programs in India. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study across 14 tertiary transplant centers. All KTRs with PCR-confirmed PVB19 infection and complete clinical data were included. Clinical features, bone marrow findings, immunosuppre…

Parvovirus B19 in Children: Clinical Spectrum, Viral Load Patterns, and Atypical Cutaneous Presentations in the Post-Pandemic Outbreak.

Background: Human parvovirus B19 causes a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from the classic "fifth disease" to severe presentations. Clinical presentation varies considerably across age groups. In 2023-2024, a notable increase in parvovirus B19 cases was reported across Europe. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed pediatric patients with serum serology and/or plasma PCR-confirmed parvovirus B19 infection treated at the tertiary infectious diseases center (University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb) in 2023 (January-August). Demographic, laboratory, viral load, and cl…

Polioencephalomyelitis and neuronal necrosis caused by canine parvovirus-2a variant in free-ranging juvenile mountain lions (Puma concolor).

Canine parvovirus 2a (CPV-2a) causes severe enteritis and diarrhea in unvaccinated domestic puppies and wild mesocarnivores, such as raccoons (Procyon lotor). A retrospective and prospective study was conducted to characterize CPV-induced encephalomyelitis in mountain lions (Puma concolor) from California. Four free-ranging juvenile mountain lions were euthanized due to severe neurological signs. Microscopically, multifocal neuronal necrosis, lymphoplasmacytic perivascular cuffing, and gliosis were primarily observed in the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord in all the studied animals. R…

Disseminated human parvovirus B19 encephalitis and pure red cell aplasia unmasking immune dysregulation in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: Acute encephalitis caused by human parvovirus B19 (PVB19) is an uncommon clinical manifestation observed in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a distinct subtype of lymphoma characterized by aberrant immune dysregulation, predisposing patients to opportunistic infections even in the absence of chemotherapy. CASE PRESENTATION: A 66-year-old woman with newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve AITL presented with acute confusion, dysarthria, and severe anemia. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and neuroimaging findings were n…

Иммуногенная оценка вируса рекомбинантов бешенства, выражающего вирус раздевания собаки H и ген парвовируса пушки VP2.

На клинической практике инфекционные заболевания собак, включая бешенство, разлуку с собакой и павовироз собак, представляют серьезную угрозу для здоровья собак. В этом исследовании мы создали рекомбинантный вирус бешенства (RABV) rHEP-Flury(H+VP2) с изображением гена H и гена Kanine carvovirus (CPV) VP2, и провели оценку его характеристик роста и иммуногенности. Рекомбинантный вирус был создан путем ввода гена CDV H и гена CPV VP2 между генами G и L штамма HEP-Flury. Мы обнаружили, что рекомбинантный вирус сохранял высокую генетическую стабильность после 20 последовательных переходов, без уда

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
In clinical practice, canine infectious diseases including rabies, canine distemper, and canine parvovirosis pose substantial health threats to canines. In this study, we constructed a recombinant rabies virus (RABV) rHEP-Flury(H+VP2) expressing the canine distemper virus (CDV) H gene and canine parvovirus (CPV) VP2 gene, and evaluated its growth characteris…

[Six-Years Human Parvovirus B19 Data from a University Hospital: Analysis of the Recent Increase in Case Numbers].

Human parvovirus B19 (PVB19), the causative agent of erythema infectiosum in children, is also associated with conditions such as aplastic crisis, arthropathy, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and fetal complications. During the coronavirus diseases-2019 pandemic, public health measures reduced the circulation of respiratory viruses as well as PVB19; however, increasing case numbers have been reported worldwide and across Europe since late 2023. This study aimed to evaluate PVB19 DNA positivity in samples submitted to our laboratory between January 2019 and April 2025, assess distributions by age…

Ongoing outbreak of maternal parvovirus B19 infections in Germany since end of 2023: consequence of COVID-19 pandemic?

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ongoing parvovirus B19 (B19V) outbreak among pregnant women in Germany and its connection to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study analyzed anonymous data regarding serologically confirmed B19V infections during pregnancy between January 2014 and April 2024 across 13 major fetal medicine centers in Germany. We evaluated the yearly frequency of B19V cases, cases that underwent intrauterine transfusion (IUT), cases presenting with hydrops fetalis and cases of intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) related to B19V infect…

Clinical Features of Human Parvovirus B19-Associated Encephalitis Identified in the Dakar Region, Senegal, and Viral Genome Characterization.

Neurological manifestations associated with human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infections are rare and varied. Acute encephalitis and encephalopathy are the most common, accounting for 38.8% of all neurological manifestations associated with human B19V. Herein, we report on the clinical features of 13 laboratory-confirmed human cases of B19V-associated encephalitis in Senegal in the framework of a hospital-based surveillance of acute viral encephalitis conducted from 2021 to 2023. Overall, B19V was detected from 13 cerebrospinal fluid samples using specific real time PCR. The mean age was 16.7 years …

Metronidazole-Induced Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome With Parvovirus B19 Reactivation: A Pediatric Case.

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe and rare syndrome that causes life-threatening organ dysfunctions. Here, we present the case of a 10-year-old child who developed a pruritic erythematous eruption, fever, facial edema, and lymphadenopathy seven days after receiving intravenous metronidazole (20 mg/kg/day), vancomycin (50 mg/kg/day), and cefotaxime (200 mg/kg/day). Laboratory tests showed eosinophilia and liver damage as well as positive parvovirus B19 IgM and IgG indicating viral reactivation. Vancomycin was initially discontinued and later reintroduced …