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Transient weakening of the blood-brain barrier in neonatal mice.

BACKGROUND: Tight junctions (TJs) are a major structural component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), contributing to brain homeostasis by re … abeled perivascular cells located ~ 2.8 μm from the endothelium and distinct from NT500/525-labeled pericytes, whereas SR101 accumulated within endothelial cytoplasm, indicating tracer-specific vascular and perivascular accumulation patterns. The membrane probe FM1-43 showed a similar temporal pattern, with enhanced diffusion to abluminal membranes and labe …

Contextualized high-speed running and sprinting during English Premier League match-play with reference to possession, positional demands and opponent ranking.

The Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rat is a spontaneously diabetic strain with polyuria, polydipsia and mild obesity. The pathological features of OLETF rats closely resemble those of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study is to investigate the retinal capillary changes in the OLETF rat and to confirm the valuability of the OLETF rat as the model of diabetic retinal disease. One-month-old male OLETF rats and age- and sex-matched Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) controls were supplied by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Tokushima, Japan). Bo

Adenomyosis: single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals a paracrine mesenchymal-epithelial interaction involving the WNT/SFRP pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the cellular and molecular landscape of adenomyosis. DESIGN: Single-cell analysis of genome-wide messenger RNA (mRNA) expression (single-cell RNA sequencing) of matched tissues of endometrium, adenomyosis, and myometrium using relatively large numbers of viable cells. SETTING: Not applicable. PATIENT(S): Patients (n = 3, age range 40-44 years) undergoing hysterectomy for diffuse adenomyosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Definition of the molecular landscape of matched adenomyotic, endometrial and myometrial tissues from the same uterus using single-cell RNA sequencing and

Recapitulating the human myotendinous junctionin vitrousing a 3D bioprinted model.

The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is a critical interface connecting skeletal muscle and tendon, responsible for transmitting contractile forc … developed a human-derived 3D MTJ-like model using the rotary wet-spinning technology. Human primary pericytes and human tendon derived stem cells were spatially patterned within the extruded hydrogel fibers in a consecutive manner to form highly integrated and anisotropically aligned biomimetic multicellular tissue constructs. Upon maturation, immunofluores …

Взаимодействие между нейтрофилами и элементами барьера крови и мозга в контексте множественного склероза и ишемического разрушения.

Барьер мозга крови (BBB) представляет собой полупроницаемую мембрану в физиологических условиях, но в патологии, такой, как множественный склероз (MS) и ишемический инсульт (IS), его проницаемость возрастает. В этом обзоре основное внимание уделяется нейтрофильам и их взаимодействию с клеточными компонентами ББД: эндотелиальными клетками (ЭК), перицитами (ПХ) и астроцитами (АК). В настоящее время нейтрофилы получают больше внимания, главным образом благодаря передовым методам исследований, которые показывают сложность их населения. Кроме того, нейтрофилы способны засекать внеклеточные везикли

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a semi-permeable membrane in physiological conditions, but in pathologies like multiple sclerosis (MS) and ischemic stroke (IS), its permeability increases. In this review, we focus on neutrophils and their interaction with cellular components of the BBB: endothelial cells (EC), pericytes (PC), and astrocytes (AC). Nowadays, …

Mouse Spinal Cord Vascular Transcriptome Analysis Identifies CD9 and MYLIP as Injury-Induced Players.

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) initiates a cascade of cellular events, culminating in irreversible tissue loss and neuroinflammation. Af … 3 and 7 dpi. CD9 and MYLIP expression were injury-induced on vascular cells, endothelial cells and pericytes, at the injury epicentre at 7 dpi, with a spatial expression predominantly at the caudal region of the lesion. These results establish CD9 and MYLIP as two new potential players after SCI, and future studies targeting their expression might bring pr …

Immunoexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor in gingival mucosa with papilloma and condyloma acuminata.

UNLABELLED: The histological changes of the oral mucosa in contact with a metal alloy dentures is one of the current issues widely debated in the literature. AIM: To highlight the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human paraprosthetic gingival mucosa exposed to nickel and copper compounds using the immunohistochemical technique. The selected participants were wearers of fixed dentures made of nickel-based alloys and copper-based alloys. The gingival mucosa fragments were prelevated through excision after removing fixed denture and extraction one of its affected teeth.

Abnormal nonstoring capillary endothelium: a novel feature of Gaucher disease. Ultrastructural study of dermal capillaries.

Ultrastructural study of skin biopsies in two cases of Gaucher disease (GD) patients (types II and III) revealed hitherto unknown alteration … ary architecture with loose or incomplete EC anchoring. There were also signs of EC sprouting. Some pericytes displayed an increase in size and number of cytoplasmic processes, which often extended into distant pericapillary regions. The spectrum of changes suggests that a significant positive growth effect on EC occurs in GD. The putative mechanisms trigge …

Blood-brain barrier damage in reperfusion following ischemia in the hippocampus of the Mongolian gerbil brain.

Vascular permeability to intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was qualitatively examined in the hippocampus of ischemic Mongo … vacuoles in close proximity to the basal lamina, and seemed to be slightly electron-dense. Swollen pericytes, swollen astrocytic foot processes and perivascular cells with HRP-filled cytoplasm were also observed in that area. In this study, it was clearly demonstrated that intravascular macromolecules leaked transendothelially, through vessel walls in the …

Amniotic epithelial cells reverse abnormal vascular structure and function in endometrial carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The methods used to rebuild tumour vascular structure and function are called vascular normalization. Vascular normalization met … n by the tail vein. After AEC injection, tumour vascular α-SMA/CD31 labelling increased in vascular pericytes, while detection of VEGF-A expression by ELISA decreased. Cadherin labelling showed that basement membrane integrity improved distinctly in the AEC group compared with that in the corresponding control group. Hoechst 33342 and ultrasound Doppler det …

Vascular wall cells contribute to tumourigenesis in cutaneous neurofibromas of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. A comparative histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study.

UNLABELLED: Neurofibromas are benign nerve sheath tumours. They occur sporadically, singly or few in number, and in neurofibromatosis type 1 … ntiation. Neurofibromas are highly vascularized tumours and possess activated endothelial cells and pericytes. We presume that most of the hyperplastic structural components of a neurofibroma are generated from activated pericytes and smooth muscle cells of the small tumour vessels which possess qualities of adult stem cells.

Targeted volume imaging reveals early vascular interactions of Lyme disease pathogen in skin.

Although the contours of the dissemination pathways of human pathogenic spirochetes in the vertebrate hosts are known, detailed high-resolut … irst contact of B. burgdorferi and blood vessels is not random but involves close interactions with pericytes. We also capture the infiltration of immune cells in the skin and their interactions with invading bacteria. Altogether, these observations suggest that Borrelia strategically targets vascular regions with lower mechanical resistance to breach the e …

Enterovirus A71 crosses a human blood-brain barrier model through infected immune cells.

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is associated with neurological conditions such as acute meningitis and encephalitis. The virus is detected in the bloodstream, and high blood viral loads are associated with central nervous system (CNS) manifestations. We used an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model made up of human brain-like endothelial cells (hBLECs) and brain pericytes grown in transwell systems to investigate whether three genetically distinct EV-A71 strains (subgenogroups C1, C1-like, and C4) can cross the human BBB. EV-A71 poorly replicated in hBLECs, which released moderate amounts of infe…

Systemic microcirculation dysfunction after low thoracic spinal cord injury in mice.

BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury (SCI) disturbs the autonomic nervous system and induces dysfunction or failure of multiple organs. The systemic microcirculation disturbance that contributes to the complications associated with SCI remains to be clarified. METHODS: We used male mice (29-32 g) and modified weight-drop injury at T10 to evaluate the systemic microcirculation dysfunction during the first 2 weeks after SCI. We determined permeability and microvascular blood flow in several organs and evaluated their vasomotor function. We also measured circulating endothelial cells (CECs), circulati

Back to the future: moving beyond "mesenchymal stem cells".

The last decade was dominated by dissemination of the notion that postnatal "mesenchymal stem cells," found primarily in bone marrow but also in other tissues, can generate multiple skeletal and nonskeletal tissues, and thus can be exploited to regenerate a broad range of tissues and organs. The concept of "mesenchymal stem cells" and its applicative implications represent a significant departure from the solidly proven notion that skeletal stem cells are found in the bone marrow (and not in other tissues). Recent data that sharpen our understanding of the identity, nature, origin, and in vivo

Therapeutic interventions for coronary microvascular obstruction after acute myocardial infarction: Developments and challenges.

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains a major global cause of mortality and heart failure, even in the era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). While timely epicardial reperfusion is routinely achieved, a substantial subset of patients experiences impaired myocardial perfusion due to coronary microvascular obstruction and dysfunction (MVO). MVO is a complex and multifactorial process driven by ischemia-reperfusion injury, endothelial dysfunction, distal embolization, inflammation, and emerging mechanisms such as pericyte-mediated capillary constriction. MVO

Malignant Esophageal Glomus Tumor With CARMN::NOTCH2 Fusion: An Additional Tumor Underscoring the Frequent Tendency of Esophageal Glomus Tumors for Aggressive Behavior.

Malignant glomus tumors are rare tumors of pericytic origin with a propensity to develop in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Hereby we demonstrate a tumor of a 20-year-old man, who presented with dysphagia and an exophytic esophageal mass. Histologic examination of the resected mass revealed a multinodular tumor in the esophageal wall composed of epithelioid cells showing nesting and monomorphic atypia, staghorn vessels and scanty stroma. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for SMA, and H-caldesmon, while desmin was negative. Collagen IV and laminin decorated a dense int

Targeting vascular normalization: a promising strategy to improve immune-vascular crosstalk in cancer immunotherapy.

Blood vessels are a key target for cancer therapy. Compared with the healthy vasculature, tumor blood vessels are extremely immature, highly permeable, and deficient in pericytes. The aberrantly vascularized tumor microenvironment is characterized by hypoxia, low pH, high interstitial pressure, and immunosuppression. The efficacy of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy is affected by abnormal blood vessels. Some anti-angiogenic drugs show vascular normalization effects in addition to targeting angiogenesis. Reversing the abnormal state of blood vessels creates a normal microenvironmen…

Single-cell RNA sequencing in silent corticotroph tumors confirms impaired POMC processing and provides new insights into their invasive behavior.

OBJECTIVE: Provide insights into the defective POMC processing and invasive behavior in silent pituitary corticotroph tumors. DESIGN AND METHODS: Single-cell RNAseq was used to compare the cellular makeup and transcriptome of silent and active corticotroph tumors. RESULTS: A series of transcripts related to hormone processing peptidases and genes involved in the structural organization of secretory vesicles were reduced in silent compared to active corticotroph tumors. Most relevant to their invasive behavior, silent corticotroph tumors exhibited several features of epithelial-to-mesenchymal

Mediastinal cavernous angioleiomyoma: A case report and review of literature.

Angioleiomyoma is a type of pericyte tumor with a benign biological behavior. It typically features proliferation of mature perivascular smooth muscle cells around blood vessels. Angioleiomyoma may be categorized into solid, cavernous or venous subtypes. Usually, it occurs in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue, while the rare cavernous subtype is most common in the upper extremities. Only a small number of cases of angioleiomyoma located in the mediastinum have been reported to date. In addition, there are few reports of mediastinal angioleiomyoma described as a cavernous histopathological subt