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Induced Sputum Microbial Diversity and Function Changes in Patients with Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Metagenomic Sequencing: A Cross-Sectional Study.

PURPOSE: The underlying pathogenesis of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is closely related to airway microbiota dysregulation. Currently, there is a lack of systematic elaboration based on deep metagenomic sequencing regarding the species-level and functional characteristics of the microbiota during AECOPD, as well as its correlation with clinical phenotypes of the host. This study aims to systematically analyze the taxonomic composition and functional profile changes of the microbiota in induced sputum samples from COPD patients during the stable and acute…

A study of clinical profile, sputum microbiology, and laboratory parameters of patients admitted with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in rural-based hospital.

BACKGROUND: Acute exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD) can increase morbidity and mortality significantly. Patients with AECOPD frequently present with worsening symptoms and deranged laboratory parameters. Bacterial infections in such patients are very common. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To study and find out the relation between the clinical profile, sputum microbiology, and laboratory parameters of patients with AECOPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 150 patients admitted with AECOPD from January 2021 to December 2023. RESULTS: Bre…

Sputum scarcity and associated factors in people undergoing tuberculosis testing in South Africa, Uganda, India, and the Philippines: an analysis of cross-sectional observational data.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) testing often excludes people who cannot expectorate sputum. Non-sputum tests are a priority; however, there are limited data on the frequency and characteristics of sputum scarcity, which will influence the impact of non-sputum tests. METHODS: We analysed adults with presumptive pulmonary TB recruited between February 2018 and February 2024 from a multi-country study (South Africa, Uganda, India, The Philippines; Cohort A, n = 2224), a South African cohort (Cohort B, n = 2179), and a South African cohort of people living with HIV (PLHIV) initiating antiretrovira…

Design of a multi-center immunophenotyping analysis of peripheral blood, sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study (SPIROMICS).

BACKGROUND: Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcomes in COPD Study (SPIROMICS) is a multi-center longitudinal, observational study to identify novel phenotypes and biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In a subset of 300 subjects enrolled at six clinical centers, we are performing flow cytometric analyses of leukocytes from induced sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and peripheral blood. To minimize several sources of variability, we use a "just-in-time" design that permits immediate staining without pre-fixation of samples, followed by centralized analysis on a single …

Clinical diagnostic performance of the simultaneous amplification and testing methods for detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex for smear-negative or sputum-scarce pulmonary tuberculosis in China.

BACKGROUND: Early detection of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a big challenge in smear negative and sputum scarce patients in China. Simultaneous amplification and testing methods for detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex (SAT-TB assay) is a novel molecular technique established in our hospital. This method has a high sensitivity and specificity in the lab. In this study, the clinical diagnostic performance of this method in smear-negative or sputum-scarce PTB suspects was investigated and evaluated. METHODS: Two hundred smear negative and 80 sputum-scarce patients were r…

Effectiveness of anti-inflammatory treatment versus antibiotic therapy and placebo for patients with non-complicated acute bronchitis with purulent sputum. The BAAP Study protocol.

BACKGROUND: Acute bronchitis is one of the most prevalent respiratory infections in primary care, and in more than 90% of the cases antibiotics are prescribed, mainly when purulent expectoration is present. However, this process is usually viral in origin and the benefits of antibiotic treatment are marginal. On the other hand, in recent years bronchitis has been considered more as an inflammatory than an infectious process. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a schedule of an oral anti-inflammatory compared with an antibiotic regimen and another group assi

Higher levels of the anti-inflammatory protein CC10 are associated with improvement in bronchial dysplasia and sputum cytometric assessment in individuals at high risk for lung cancer.

PURPOSE: CC10, a 10-kDa anti-inflammatory protein secreted by bronchiolar Clara cells, is infrequently expressed in non-small cell lung cancer and its overexpression in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines results in a less malignant phenotype. Several lines of evidence have shown that bronchial dysplasia and sputum atypia are predictors of lung cancer. We investigated whether changes in CC10 expression correlate with regression of bronchial dysplasia and/or improvement in sputum abnormalities as measured by image cytometry. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: High-risk smokers enrolled in a chemopreventio…

[Pharmacological effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on the respiratory tract. (I). Quantitative and qualitative changes in respiratory tract fluid and sputum (author's transl)].

The following three experiments were performed to determine the effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on the quantity and quality of respiratory tract fluid (RTF) and sputum. All drugs used were administered into the stomach through a gastric tube. 1) Indirect measurement of bronchial secretion in rats, which was expressed by the amounts of dye excreted into the respiratory tract, was carried out according the the Sakuno's method, with some modification. Some expectorants of the secretomotor type, such as bromhexine and pilocarpine, significantly increased the secretion, even at low doses. On t…

Development of a four-gene host signature for paucibacillary TB among symptomatic individuals with sputum Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra very low and trace results.

OBJECTIVES: The Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra) assay is widely used to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), but "very low" or "trace" results may reflect either paucibacillary TB or TB-negative disease, complicating clinical decision-making. We evaluated host transcriptomic signatures to identify culture-confirmed paucibacillary TB among individuals with Ultra very low or trace results. METHODS: We performed whole blood targeted transcriptional profiling of 90 symptomatic adults from Uganda, Kenya, and South Africa with Ultra very low/trace sputum results. An 81-gene customized NanoString panel…

Time to sputum culture conversion and associated factors in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Southwestern Oromia, Ethiopia: a ten-year retrospective follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: Sputum culture conversion is an important predictor of treatment response and patient outcome in pulmonary multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB). However, the determinants of time to culture conversion and its association with treatment regimens among MDR/RR-TB patients in Southwestern Oromia remain poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the time to initial sputum culture conversion and associated factors among pulmonary MDR/RR-TB patients in Southwestern Oromia, Ethiopia. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective follow-up study on 168 MDR/RR-…

Improved performance of Xpert MTB/RIF assay on sputum sediment samples obtained from presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis cases at Kibong'oto infectious diseases hospital in Tanzania.

BACKGROUND: The introduction of Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert) has significantly improved diagnosis of Tuberculosis (TB) in resource limited human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) endemic settings. We aimed to modify the Xpert protocol to improve the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). METHODS: This cross sectional study was conducted among presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients at Kibong'oto Infectious Diseases Hospital between August and November 2015. Each patient consented to provide 2 samples of raw sputa. One-sputum sample was sedimented using the Petroff's method and div…

Распространение EBV, HHV6, HCMV, HADV, SARS-COV-2 и Autoanticbodies to Type I Interferon в Sputum от Myalgic Encephalomyelit/Chronic Fatig cиндрома.

В миальгическом энцефаломиелите/хроническом синдроме усталости (ME/CFS) и синдроме после SARS-COV-2 также называют длинным синдромом COVID. В этом исследовании были исследованы потенциальные механизмы, лежащие в основе такого истощения. Во-первых, вирусная нагрузка вируса Эпштейн-Барр (EBV), аденовируса человека (HAdV), цитомегаловируса человека (HCMV), герпесвируса человека 6 (HHV6) и острого острого острого дыхательного синдрома коронавируса 2 (SARS-COV-2) была определена в пробах слюны (n = 29), полученных от пациентов ME/CFS (n = 13), здорового контроля (n = 10), контроля за здоровьем пожи

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
An exhausted antiviral immune response is observed in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and post-SARS-CoV-2 syndro … svirus 6 (HHV6), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was determined in sputum samples (n = 29) derived from ME/CFS patients (n = 13), healthy controls (n = 10), elderly healthy controls (n = 4), and immunosuppressed controls (n = 2). Secondly, autoantibodies (autoAbs) to type I interferon (IFN-I) in sputum were analyzed to po …

Diagnostic Utility of Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT) on Induced Sputum Versus Gastric Aspirate Samples for the Diagnosis of Paediatric Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) in children is neglected, mainly due to a lack of sensitive diagnostic tools. Paediatric TB is now a global priority. More paediatric TB cases are being recorded as a result of the introduction of Xpert® Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)/rifampicin (RIF) (Cepheid Inc., Sunnyvale, USA). This study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF in the diagnosis of pulmonary TB in children. METHODS: We recruited 70 paediatric patients with probable pulmonary TB and their gastric aspirate (GA), and induced sputum (IS) samples were collected between Januar…

Comparison of chest computed tomography features between pulmonary tuberculosis patients with culture-positive and culture-negative sputum for non-mycobacteria: A retrospective observational study.

Although complication with non-mycobacterial pneumonia among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) may lead to poor prognosis, discrimination between TB complicated with and without non-mycobacterial pneumonia using radiological imaging has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to clarify the differences in chest computed tomography (CT) features between pulmonary TB patients with culture-positive and culture-negative sputum for non-mycobacteria.We retrospectively included consecutive patients admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to December 2015 for bacteriologically-confirmed pulmona…

Targeted next-generation sequencing for microbial and clinical diagnosis: a prospective controlled comparison between sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

BACKGROUND: Accurate identification of pathogens causing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults is a crucial step for successful diagnosis and treatment. However, some patients cannot tolerate bronchoscopy, or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cannot be obtained in a timely manner. Currently, targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) is increasingly used for detecting pathogens. As an easily accessible lower respiratory tract specimen, the diagnostic efficacy of sputum tNGS in detecting pathogens causing CAP remains unclear. METHODS AND DESIGN: Between August 2023 and May 2025, 181 p…

Diagnostic accuracy and potential resource savings of pooled sputum testing with Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra for tuberculosis among adults in Vietnam: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: A pooled testing algorithm for tuberculosis (TB), in which sputum specimens from multiple individuals are tested in pools with individual testing of positive pools, can optimize diagnostic resources. This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy and cartridge savings of pooled testing with the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay (Xpert-Ultra) versus individual Xpert-Ultra testing. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 2396 adults (≥15 years) with presumptive TB enrolled between July 2024 and February 2025, through facility-based case finding (FBCF) and community-based case find…

Performance evaluation of a commercial multiplex pathogen panel for detection of bacteria in sputum specimens from non-ICU patients with suspected lower respiratory tract infection.

Rapid diagnostic testing can improve pathogen detection and lead to targeted antibiotics. The BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel (BFPP) is a multiplex PCR that has displayed strong concordance with traditional microbiologic techniques. However, most existing literature focuses on deep respiratory specimens, and there is sparse literature on performance in sputum specimens. This retrospective, single-center study included adult patients between 1 September 2022 and 31 August 2024 who had collection of a BFPP with standard of care (SOC) culture from a sputum specimen on a non-intensive care unit …

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of mixed biofilms formed by Candida spp. and Staphylococcus aureus co-isolated from the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients in Northwest Algeria.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with recurring lung infections, which are commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Candida species. These pathogens often form polymicrobial biofilms that are resistant to conventional treatments. Studying their interactions and testing effective therapies is essential for better CF infection control. The current study aimed to examine the antifungal and antibacterial activity of each alone against Candida species and S. aureus co-isolated in both states, planktonic and biofilm (single and polymicrobial biofilm), then in combination for the mixed biofilm

Effects of Esketamine-Dexmedetomidine Combination on Immediate Postprocedural Oxygenation Index in Severe Pneumonia Patients Undergoing Bedside Fiberoptic Bronchoscopic Sputum Aspiration: A Prospective Randomised Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE: The aim was to investigate the effect of esketamine-dexmedetomidine (ESK-DEX) combination on immediate postprocedural oxygenation index (OI) in severe pneumonia patients undergoing bedside fiberoptic bronchoscopic (FOB) sputum aspiration, and provide clinical reference. METHODS: A total of 90 patients diagnosed with severe pneumonia receiving non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) who underwent bedside FOB were randomly and evenly divided into three groups: Group C (local anesthesia alone), Group D (DEX alone), Group ED (ESK-DEX). The primary outcome was the OI immediately after p…

Biological and genomic analyses of Clavispora sputum sp. nov., a novel potential fungal pathogen closely related to Clavispora lusitaniae (syn. Candida lusitaniae) and Candida auris.

Several human fungal pathogens, including drug-resistant Candida auris and species of the Candida haemulonii complex, have emerged over the past two decades, posing new threats to human health. In this study, we report the isolation and identification of a novel species belonging to the genus Clavispora, herein named as Cl avispora sputum, from a clinical sputum sample of a COVID-19 patient. Cl . sputum is phylogenetically closely related to fungal pathogens Clavispora lusitaniae (syn. Candida lusitaniae) and C. auris. When grown on CHROMagar Candida Plus medium, Cl. sputum exhibited a similar…