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Sympathetic nerve aggravates autoimmune skin disease via NE-adrenergic receptor axis: Neuroimmune cross-talk insights from vitiligo.

The dysregulation of cross-talk between the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the immune system is closely linked to the development of autoimmune diseases. This study used vitiligo as a model to elucidate the role of the SNS in autoimmune skin diseases. Evidence from clinical and animal studies confirmed abnormal activation of the SNS in vitiligo. Chemical sympathectomy improved the disease phenotype, reduced pathogenic cytokine levels, and inhibited the infiltration and effector functions of CD8+ T cells. Mechanistic investigations showed that norepinephrine (NE) released by the SNS inter…

The Sympathetic Nervous System Contributes to the Establishment of Pre-Metastatic Pulmonary Microenvironments.

Emerging evidence suggests that neural activity contributes to tumor initiation and its acquisition of metastatic properties. More specifica … te the role of the sympathetic nervous system in pre-metastatic environments, we performed chemical sympathectomy using 6-OHDA in mice and observed a decrease in lung metastasis by attenuating the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Furthermore, we note that neuro-immune cell interactions could be observed in tumor-bearing mouse lungs in conjunctio …

Adrenoceptors Modulate Cholinergic Synaptic Transmission at the Neuromuscular Junction.

Adrenoceptor activators and blockers are widely used clinically for the treatment of cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders. More recently, adrenergic agents have also been used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies indicate a location of sympathetic varicosities in close proximity to neuromuscular junctions. The pressing question is whether there could be any effects of endo- or exogenous catecholamines on cholinergic neuromuscular transmission. It was shown that the pharmacological stimulation of adrenoceptors, as well as sympathectomy, can affect both acetylcholine release fro…

Aquagenic Keratoderma: Treatment Update.

Aquagenic keratoderma is an uncommon acquired dermatosis characterized by edema and whitish-translucent papules triggered by immersion or co … ociated with hyperhidrosis can be treated effectively. Tap water iontophoresis, endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy, botulinum toxin injections, and oxybutynin are effective against refractory forms. Topical salicylic acid and aluminum salts are effective, but of little value as maintenance therapy. Oral oxybutynin 5 mg/d is probably the best option for treating …

Sudden cardiac death in Long QT syndrome (LQTS), Brugada syndrome, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT).

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) accounts for 230,000 to 350,000 deaths per year in the United States. While many who suffer SCD possess underlying structural heart disease, inherited arrhythmia syndromes are also important contributors to SCD. In patients without structural heart disease, inherited arrhythmia syndromes are identified in >50% of the remaining patients. In this review, we will focus on the presentation and management of three major inherited syndromes that lead to SCD in patients without structural heart disease: long QT syndrome (LQTS), Brugada syndrome, and catecholaminergic polymo

Refractory Angina: the Current State of Mechanical Therapies.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Refractory angina (RA), which is characterized by tissue ischemia along with neurological, mitochondrial, and psychogenic dysfunction, is becoming a major cause of morbidity in patients with advanced coronary artery disease. In this review, we discuss in detail the invasive mechanical non-cell therapy-based options, the evidence behind these therapies, and future trends. RECENT FINDINGS: There is extensive ongoing research in the areas of spinal-cord stimulation, transmyocardial laser revascularization, sympathectomy, angiogenesis, and other non-cell-based therapies to expl…

A review of trench foot: a disease of the past in the present.

From the French Invasion of Russia in 1812, to Glastonbury festival in 2007, trench foot has been reported, yet the exact nature of the cond … he management of trench foot is less clear. Vasodilators such as iloprost and nicotinyl tartrate or sympathectomy may help. Trench foot may lead to necrosis, cellulitis, sepsis and amputation. It remains a poorly understood condition.

Sympathetic nervous system controls resolution of inflammation via regulation of repulsive guidance molecule A.

The bidirectional communication between the immune and nervous system is important in regulating immune responses. Here we show that the adr … yte clearance and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators production at sites of injury. Chemical sympathectomy results in hyperinflammation and ineffective resolution in mice, while RGM-A treatments reverse these phenotypes. Signalling network analyses imply that RGM-A and β2AR agonist regulate monocyte activation by suppressing NF-κB activity but activating …

Non-analgesic effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia.

Thoracic epidural anaesthesia is selected usually to provide adequate postoperative analgesia; however with administration of local anaesthetics to epidural space selective sympatolysis ensues. The effects of this transient sympathectomy on cardivascular, respiratory and other systems deserve certainly some interest as it may influence postoperative morbidity or mortality. Thoracic epidural anaesthesia has succesfully been used in cardiac, thoracic and major abdominal surgery. It provides dynamic analgesia, rapid mobilization, blunted stress response, early extubation with reduced pulmonary co…

Reconstructive hand surgery for scleroderma joint contractures.

Systemic scleroderma can cause significant hand deformity and functional impairment. Surgery is often avoided due to the perceived risks of wound healing. The most common surgical procedures have been digital sympathectomy, arthrodesis or arthroplasty of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) or both, and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. We describe herein successful soft tissue hand surgery in 2 patients for treatment of scleroderma claw deformities without the use of arthrodesis or arthroplasty. At the MCP joint, the tight capsules were excised, and the collateral ligaments and volar plates wer…

Topical atropine sulfate for the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis.

BACKGROUND: Axillary hyperhidrosis does not have a low-cost, free of secondary effects, satisfactory treatment. Eccrine hidrocystomas have been successfully treated with topical atropine solution. Hypothesis Axillary hyperhidrosis could respond to the topical application of atropine solution. METHODS: Ten patients were selected. Eight with mild pure primary axillary hyperhidrosis and two with compensatory sweating after sympathectomy. One milliliter of a water solution of atropine sulfate at 1% was applied twice a day over the affected area and massaged for 30 s. Treatment was maintained for …

[Buerger's disease or thromboangiitis obliterans].

The Buerger's disease or thromboangiitis obliterants (TAO) is a non atheromatous inflammatory disease which alters medium and small-sized ar … acyclin demonstrated its efficiency. Revascularization surgery is difficult but sometimes possible. Sympathectomy, medular stimulation must be suggested. The patient survival is not at stake and the prognosis is above all functional. The most important element in the treatment is stop smoking definitively.

Surgical management of the hand in scleroderma.

Disabling deformity of the hand is a hallmark feature of the person afflicted with scleroderma. However, existing literature provides little guidance to operative treatment for the wide spectrum of hand derangement. Although arthrodesis is generally recommended for severe flexion contractures of the interphalangeal joints, other surgical procedures such as arthroplasty, excision of painful calcinosis, and digital sympathectomy have been employed sparingly, undoubtedly due to potentially hazardous soft tissue conditions. Based on experience with 70 scleroderma patients requiring 272 hand operat…

[Video-assisted thoracic surgery: indications and limitations].

From November 1990 to September 1992, 72 patients underwent a video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), 47 men and 25 women, of mean age 49 years. Video-assisted thoracic surgery was indicated for the following: 44 spontaneous pneumothorax, 6 benign tumors of the lung or the mediastinum, 4 pleural effusions, one broncho-pleural fistula and one sympathectomy; 17 diagnostic procedures (lung or mediastinal lymph-nodes biopsies). In one patient, it was necessary to associate a mini-thoracotomy and 5 patients went on to a formal thoracotomy. There was no mortality and the morbidity rate was 5.5%. Som…

Intact and sympathectomized carotid bodies of long-term hypoxic rats. A morphometric light microscopical study.

Intact and sympathectomized carotid bodies from rats exposed to hypoxia (room-air mixed with N2 to a final oxygen concentration of 10%) for … lls, decreases during hypoxia but when calculated in total volumes this entity is increased 3-fold. Sympathectomy does not modify the structural changes occurring during hypoxia when compared with carotid bodies with intact innervation. Though the primary elements in the mechanism of transduction in carotid body are unknown, a remodelling of the vascular archit …

[Raynaud's phenomenon: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects].

The Authors report their experience concerning 120 patients with Raynaud's Disease (50 pats.) or Syndrome (70 pats.). All patients were studied before and after treatment, by clinical, thermometric, oscillographic and photoplethysmographic observation and by the Doppler examination, in order to evaluate the functional and organic component of the disease. Surgical treatment was reserved to 45 patients with secondary or primitive Raynaud's phenomenon refractory to medical therapy. The treatment of choice was thoracic sympathectomy. The result was excellent in 64% of cases, fair in 26%, and nil …

Reflex sympathetic imbalance. Response to epidural blockade.

Eleven patients (two male, nine female) were treated with epidural sympathetic blockade for reflex sympathetic imbalance, an incomplete manifestation of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Each had developed severe pain, sensitivity, and disability disproportionate to associated trauma. One patient injured an ankle, and the remaining 10 patients one or both knees (12 knees). Seven patients had undergone previous surgery. All but one had a favorable response to initial blockade. This individual eventually failed treatment despite surgical sympathectomy. Seven have required readministration of a block…

Случай критической дигит-изхимии у пациента с предполагаемой Серонегативной Склеродермой диагностирован через "Найлфолд" "Кастероскопия".

Системный склероз (scleroderma) может проявляться с помощью современных симптомов ишемической васкулопатии, включая развитие цифровой язвы. Эти язвы могут быть невосприимчивыми и вредными для качества жизни пациента, поэтому быстрый диагноз, дифференциация с другими сосудистыми этиологиями и лечение имеют важное значение для спасения этой ткани. Однако диагностика склеродермы может быть трудной при возникновении серонгегирующего заболевания. Капиллероскопия с капильероскопией Nailwold является жизненно важным инструментом, который может помочь с диагностикой в серонегативных случаях. Склеродер

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) can manifest with advanced symptoms of ischemic vasculopathy, including digital ulcer development. These ul … annel blockers, or angiotensin II receptor blockers can improve ischemic tissue perfusion. Surgical sympathectomy should be offered to treat ulcerative tissue and improve related pain control. We present a case of seronegative scleroderma in a patient with digital ischemic ulcerations that was expediently diagnosed and treated with assistance of nailfold capill …

Efficacy and Safety of Thoracic Epidural Analgesia in Patients With Acute Pancreatitis: A Narrative Review.

Patients admitted to the intensive care unit with moderate to severe acute pancreatitis carry significant morbidity and mortality. A few unf … ty, opioid-sparing analgesia in these patients. A few studies have also demonstrated that segmental sympathectomy resulting from epidural blockade could lead to lowering of serum amylase and lipase levels improve paralytic ileus, and thus hastens the process of recovery. The present paper aims to discuss the advantages of continuous epidural analgesia in patien …