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Выборочное удаление 7-кетохлестерина новым атеросклерозным пациентом возвращает элементы пеноматериала в фенотип, похожий на макрофаж.

Удаление токсичного окисленного холестерина, 7-кетохлестерина (7КК) из клеток путем применения терапевтических методов может привести к лечению атеросклероза и различных других патологий. В то время как холестерин является необходимым строительным блоком для гомеостазиза, окисление холестерина может привести к образованию токсичных оксистерилов, причем 7KC является наиболее заметным. 7KC образуется главным образом в результате неэнзиматического окисления холестерина и встречается в высоких уровнях в окисленных частицах ЛДЛ (оксЛДЛ), которые в значительной степени связаны с сердечными заболеван

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The removal of the toxic oxidized cholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol (7KC), from cells through the administration of therap … ls with the etiology and severity of the disease and in the underlying transition of macrophages to foam cells. METHODS: This research aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of UDP-003, a novel therapeutic compound, in mitigating the harmful effects of 7KC in mouse and human monocyte and macrophage cell lines. RESULTS: Experimental evidence demonstrate …

Curcumin attenuates inflammation of Macrophage-derived foam cells treated with Poly-L-lactic acid degradation via PPARγ signaling pathway.

Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is considered to be a promising candidate material for biodegradable vascular scaffolds (BVS) in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). But, PLLA-BVS also faces the challenge of thrombosis (ST) and in-stent restenosis (ISR) caused by in-stent neo-atherosclerosis (ISNA) associated with inflammatory reactions in macrophage-derived foam cells. Our previous studies have confirmed that curcumin alleviates PLLA-induced injury and inflammation in vascular endothelial cells, but it remains unclear whether curcumin can alleviate the effect of inflammatory reactions in macro…

Luminal foam cell accumulation is associated with smooth muscle cell death in the intimal thickening of human saphenous vein grafts.

BACKGROUND: Occlusion of saphenous vein grafts is a major problem after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Diffuse intimal thickening develops in all implanted aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts within 6 months to 1 year. In some regions of the thickened intima, foam cells accumulate along the luminal margin. This particular morphology resembles the morphology of unstable atherosclerotic plaques as they occur in coronary arteries. In the present study, we focused on the possible topographic relation between luminal foam cell accumulation and cell death of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) within …

[Corilagin reduces macrophage-derived foam cell formation by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress-autophagy].

This study aimed to investigate the effect of corilagin(Cor) on the formation of foam cells derived from J774A.1 macrophages and to explore its underlying mechanism based on the endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)-endoplasmic reticulum autophagy(ER-phagy) pathway. J774A.1 macrophages were used as the research model and divided into the control group, oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox-LDL) group, tunicamycin(TM) group, and Cor treatment groups with different concentrations. Cell proliferation activity was assessed using the MTT assay. Intracellular lipid droplet accumulation was observed by oil…

SARS-CoV-2 infection induces pro-fibrotic and pro-thrombotic foam cell formation.

COVID-19 and long COVID are characterized by a dysregulated immune response. However, the role of macrophages during viral infection is poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection results in increased macrophage numbers and extensive formation of enlarged lipid-laden macrophages or foam cells using humanized mice, rhesus macaques and post-mortem human lung tissue. Notably, infection by other coronaviruses tested, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and two bat coronaviruses (SHC014-CoV or WIV1-CoV), did not result in macrophage proliferation or foam cell formation. Foam cells in SARS-CoV-2-…

Cryptococcosis, tuberculosis, and a kidney cancer fail to fit the atherosclerosis paradigm for foam cell lipid content.

Foam cells are dysfunctional, lipid-laden macrophages associated with chronic inflammation of diverse origin. The long-standing paradigm that foam cells are cholesterol-laden derives from atherosclerosis research. We previously showed that, in tuberculosis, foam cells surprisingly accumulate triglycerides. Here, we utilized bacterial ( Mycobacterium tuberculosis ), fungal ( Cryptococcus neoformans ), and human papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) models to address the need for a new explanation of foam cell biogenesis. We applied mass spectrometry-based imaging to assess the spatial distribut…

Diverse diterpenoids from Callicarpa rubella Lindl. as natural inhibitors of macrophage foam cell formation.

Ten undescribed diterpenoids namely rubellawus E-N of structural types pimarane (1, 3-4), nor-abietane (2), nor-pimarane (5-6), isopimarane (7-9), and nor-isopimarane (10), along with eleven known compounds, were isolated and identified from the aerial parts of Callicarpa rubella Lindl. The structures of the isolated compounds were confirmed by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical computations. Pharmacologically, almost all the compounds exhibited a potential inhibitory effect on oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced macrophage foam cell formation, which suggests that t

Liposomes trigger bone marrow niche macrophage "foam" cell formation and affect hematopoiesis in mice.

Liposomes are the most widely used nanocarrier platform for the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents, and a number of liposomes hav … y macrophages and BM niche macrophages. We found that these LD-accumulating macrophages, similar to foam cells, exhibited increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-6. We further provided evidence that liposome deposition and degradation induced LD biogenesis on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and subsequently disturbed endoplasm …

Osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in decellularised adipose tissue solid foams.

3D cell culture systems based on biological scaffold materials obtainable from both animal and human tissues constitute very interesting tools for cell therapy and personalised medicine applications. The white adipose tissue (AT) extracellular matrix (ECM) is a very promising biomaterial for tissue engineering due to its easy accessibility, malleability and proven biological activity. In the present study, human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were combined in vitro with ECM scaffolds from porcine and human decellularised adipose tissues (pDAT, hDAT) processed as 3D solid foams, to investigate

Nε-Carboxymethyl-Lysine Negatively Regulates Foam Cell Migration via the Vav1/Rac1 Pathway.

BACKGROUND: Macrophage-derived foam cells play a central role in atherosclerosis, and their ultimate fate includes apoptosis, promotion of vascular inflammation, or migration to other tissues. Nε-Carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), the key active component of advanced glycation end products, induced foam cell formation and apoptosis. Previous studies have shown that the Vav1/Rac1 pathway affects the macrophage cytoskeleton and cell migration, but its role in the pathogenesis of diabetic atherosclerosis is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we used anterior tibiofibular vascular samples from…

Exploring the potential of polyurethane-based soft foam as cell-free scaffold for soft tissue regeneration.

UNLABELLED: Reconstructive treatment after trauma and tumor resection would greatly benefit from an effective soft tissue regeneration. The use of cell-free scaffolds for adipose tissue regeneration in vivo is emerging as an attractive alternative to tissue-engineered constructs, since this approach avoids complications due to cell manipulation and lack of synchronous vascularization. In this study, we developed a biodegradable polyurethane-based scaffold for soft tissue regeneration, characterized by an exceptional combination between softness and resilience. Exploring the potential as a cell

Lipoprotein-X in cholestatic patients causes xanthomas and promotes foam cell formation in human macrophages.

BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein-X (Lp-X) is an abnormal phospholipid-rich lipoprotein found in patients with cholestatic liver disease. Some patients exhibit skin xanthomas and severe hyperlipidemia. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether Lp-X induces foam cell formation in human-derived macrophages. METHODS: To compare the atherogenic properties of Lp-X and modified LDL, we isolated Lp-X from 2 patients who had drug-induced cholestasis and xanthoma striata in the interphalangeal folds. We prepared oxidized LDL and acetylated LDL from healthy volunteers for the positive control experiments. RESULTS: Wh

Use of negative pressure wound therapy with reticulated open cell foam for lower extremity trauma.

The use of negative pressure wound therapy with reticulated open cell foam (NPWT/ROCF) as delivered by V.A.C.(R) Therapy (KCI, San Antonio, TX) has been a valuable adjunct in the treatment of complex lower-extremity injuries. The use of NPWT/ROCF for lower extremity traumatic wounds is based on mechanical effects on the surrounding tissues, biological effects at the cellular level, and simplification of wound care for nursing personnel. For patients with compartment syndrome, risk of secondary infection and need for skin grafting to achieve soft-tissue coverage may theoretically be reduced. Fo

Dysregulation of LDL receptor under the influence of inflammatory cytokines: a new pathway for foam cell formation.

BACKGROUND: Lipid-mediated renal injury is an important component of glomerulosclerosis and its similarity to atherosclerosis is well described. This study focused on the relationship between lipid-mediated injury and inflammation by examining the role of inflammatory cytokines in the regulation of human mesangial cell low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors. METHODS: A human mesangial cell line (HMCL) was used to study the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) on the regulation of LDL receptor mRNA and protein in the presence of a high concentrat

A Membrane-Impermeable Near-Infrared Probe Enables High-Fidelity Tracking of Foam Cell Progression.

Foam cell formation is a key pathological event in atherosclerosis, which can be used as an early diagnosis and drug selection platform for atherosclerotic disease. Current methods are hindered by an inability to distinguish pathological lipid aggregates in foam cells from normal lipid droplets in healthy macrophages in a live-cell context. Herein, we developed and synthesized a membrane-impermeable, near-infrared fluorescent probe named FMNIR-DBO for high-fidelity imaging of foam cell formation. The membrane impermeability was achieved by incorporating a charged, rigid moiety into a near-infr…

Narcissoside attenuates atherosclerosis by suppressing CD36-mediated foam cell formation via upregulation of NR4A1.

BACKGROUND: The formation of foam cells (FCs) is the major contributor to the development of atherosclerosis (AS). Gynostemma pentaphyllum is widely used to treat AS and exhibits biological activity against FCs formation. Narcissoside (Nar) is an important component from G. pentaphyllum flavonoids. This study aimed to reveal the beneficial effect and underlying mechanism of Nar on inhibiting the formation of FCs in AS. METHODS: The inhibitory effects of Nar on FCs formation were evaluated using Oil Red O staining and flow cytometry in ox-LDL-stimulated THP-1 and BMDMs. High-fat diet (HFD)-ind…

Cryptococcosis, tuberculosis, and a kidney cancer fail to fit the atherosclerosis paradigm for foam cell lipid content.

Foam cells are dysfunctional, lipid-laden macrophages associated with chronic inflammation of diverse origin. The long-standing paradigm that foam cells are cholesterol-laden derives from atherosclerosis research. We previously showed that, in tuberculosis, foam cells surprisingly accumulate triglycerides. Here, we utilized bacterial (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), fungal (Cryptococcus neoformans), and human papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) models to address the need for a new explanation of foam cell biogenesis. We applied mass spectrometry-based imaging to assess the spatial distribution …

Mechanisms modulating foam cell formation in the arterial intima: exploring new therapeutic opportunities in atherosclerosis.

In recent years, the role of macrophages as the primary cell type contributing to foam cell formation and atheroma plaque development has been widely acknowledged. However, it has been long recognized that diffuse intimal thickening (DIM), which precedes the formation of early fatty streaks in humans, primarily consists of lipid-loaded smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and their secreted proteoglycans. Recent studies have further supported the notion that SMCs constitute the majority of foam cells in advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Given that SMCs are a major component of the vascular wall, they se…

A systematic review of the impact of Porphyromonas gingivalis on foam cell formation: Implications for the role of periodontitis in atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND: The current literature suggests the significant role of foam cells in the initiation of atherosclerosis through the formation of a necrotic core in atherosclerotic plaques. Moreover, an important periodontal pathogen called Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is indicated to play a significant role in this regard. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to comprehensively study the pathways by which P. gingivalis as a prominent bacterial species in periodontal disease, can induce foam cells that would initiate the process of atherosclerosis formation. METHODS: An electron…

Topical Simvastatin Improves Lesions of Diffuse Normolipemic Plane Xanthoma by Inhibiting Foam Cell Pyroptosis.

Xanthoma pathogenesis is speculated to be associated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) deposition, although this remains unclea … ns and that this therapeutic effect may be related to pyroptosis inhibition via HMGCR inhibition in foam cells. Moreover, xanthoma pathogenesis might be associated with ox-LDL deposition and inflammation.