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Disruption of the Dimer-Dimer Interaction of the Mumps Virus Attachment Protein Head Domain, Aided by an Anion Located at the Interface, Compromises Membrane Fusion Triggering.

Mumps virus (MuV), an enveloped negative-strand RNA virus belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae, enters the host cell through membrane fusion mediated by two viral envelope proteins, an attachment protein hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (MuV-HN) and a fusion (F) protein. However, how the binding of MuV-HN to glycan receptors triggers membrane fusion is not well understood. The crystal structure of the MuV-HN head domain forms a tetramer (dimer of dimers) like other paramyxovirus attachment proteins. In the structure, a sulfate ion (SO42-) was found at the interface between two dimers, which may

Using the nose as a factory to secrete proteins into the lungs or circulation.

Targeting of the nasal epithelium for sustained therapeutic protein secretion represents a potential non-invasive lentiviral vector application strategy. Using reporter imaging, molecular, and radiopharmaceutical tracing methods in mice, we have developed an intranasal (nose-only) dosing strategy with a Sendai virus envelope glycoprotein pseudotyped lentiviral vector (rSIV.F/HN). Using multiple (up to 10) small-volume (5 μL) intranasal bolus applications, a technetium radiotracer showed >90% liquid retention in the murine head and <1% in the lung. Following vector administration, transgene exp

Identification of amino acids involved in the sialidase activity of the mumps virus hemagglutinin-neuraminadase protein.

We previously described sialidase-deficient variants of the O'Take strain of mumps virus obtained by growth under the selective pressure of … ed that limited changes occurred in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins and that only the HN proteins were altered. The complete nucleotide sequence of the RW(DANA)v1 HN was determined and compared to the HN sequence of the RW parent. Two nucleotide differences accounting for two nonconservative amino acid differences were noted; an lle to a Thr at …

Non-Targeted Metabolomic Analysis of Ethanol Extract of Propolis and Its Anti-Inflammatory Effects in LPS-Induced BV2 Microglial Cells via the TLR4 Signaling Pathway.

Propolis contains abundant flavonoid and phenolic compounds, whose composition and concentration vary significantly in different geographical origins, thereby affecting its bioactive properties including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. In this study, the flavonoid and phenolic content in the ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) from Henan (HN) and Shandong (SD) provinces was quantitatively analyzed, and the results showed that concentrations of both bioactive components in HN were slightly higher than those in SD. The non-targeted metabolomics technology was further

NDV нацелен на вторжение в малярийный паразит через взаимодействие клеточной сиальной кислоты.

Мерозоиты используют сиальные кислоты на поверхности красных кровяных клеток (RBC) для быстрого присоединения к RBC и вторжения в них. Вирус болезни Ньюкасла (NDV) свидетельствует о сильной близости к мембранным сиалистическим кислотам. Инкубация NDV паразитами малярии в зависимости от дозы снижает ее клеточную жизнеспособность. Антиплазмодиальная активность NDV является специфической, поскольку инкубация японского энцефалита, утка энтерит, инфекционный бронхит и грипп не повлияли на распространение паразита. Интересно, что NDV сокращает более чем на 80% вторжение, когда РБЦ проходят предварит

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Merozoites utilize sialic acids on the red blood cell (RBC) cell surface to rapidly adhere to and invade the RBCs. Newcastle disease virus ( … N) protein by recognizing sialic acid-containing glycoproteins on the cell surface. Blocking of the HN protein with free sialic acid or anti-HN antibodies abolished the virus binding as well as its ability to reduce parasite growth. Interestingly, the purified HN from the virus alone could inhibit the parasite's growth in a dose-dependent manner. NDV binds s …

Immunological relationships between mumps virus and parainfluenza viruses studied with monoclonal antibodies.

The immunological relationships between mumps virus and parainfluenza viruses were investigated with 74, 78 and 80 previously developed mono … virus. Six other Sendai virus monoclonal antibodies directed against four different epitopes of the HN protein and one directed against the NP protein cross-reacted with mumps virus. Eight out of 80 monoclonal antibodies directed against parainfluenza type 3 virus cross-reacted with Sendai virus. One was directed against the HN protein, four were directed ag …

Dynamics in Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Response to Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. In cases of continuous positive airway pressure (PAP) failure, hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) is a treatment option for OSA but its impact on systemic inflammation to date is unknown. Herein, we investigated changes in cytokines and endothelial markers before and after HNS. METHODS: Eighteen adults with moderate or severe OSA underwent fasting blood sample collection before and 6-8 months after HNS implantation. Plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), vascu

[Studies on the pathogenic roles of antigens isolated from renal tubular cells in the classical Heymann nephritis].

In order to analyze the antigens (Ags) which cause Heymann nephritis (HN) and mechanisms of IC formation in the subepithelial site of GBM, we isolated two Ags from renal tubular epithelium (RTE) from Wistar rats and prepared rabbit antiserum against these Ags. Classical HN was induced by immunization with crude renal tissue suspension by the method of Heymann et al. Immunofluorescence method in normal rat kidney revealed that the Ag with MW of 65 KD (= beta) existed not only in RTE, but also in the glomerular capillary wall. On the other hand, the Ag with MW of 35 KD (= gamma) only existed in

Human parainfluenza virus 3 vaccine candidates attenuated by codon-pair deoptimization are immunogenic and protective in hamsters.

Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) is a major pediatric respiratory pathogen lacking available vaccines or antiviral drugs. We generat … HN induced a stronger IFN response, viral titers were reduced 100-fold, and the expression of F and HN proteins was significantly reduced without affecting N or P or the relative packaging of proteins into virions. Following intranasal infection in hamsters, replication in the nasal turbinates and lungs tended to be the most reduced for viruses bearing CPD F …

[Epitope analysis of mumps virus proteins in a persistent cell culture infection: changes in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase polypeptide].

Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) against major structural mumps virus proteins were used for epitope analysis in primarily and persistently infe … n persistent virus HN polypeptide. Despite the inability of HEp-2 infected cells for hemadsorption, HN protein was expressed on the surface of these cells to the same extent as in the hemadsorbing system of mumps virus-infected Vero cells.

Establishment of cell lines stably expressing mumps virus glycoproteins.

We established two cell lines that stably express hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HeLa-HN) and fusion proteins (HeLa-F) of a fusogenic strain of mumps virus. Infection of HeLa-F cells with a nonfusogenic strain resulted in induction of extensive cell fusion. On the other hand, HeLa-HN cells appeared resistant to cell fusion induced by mumps virus infection.

Purification, induction, and distribution of placental glutathione transferase: a new marker enzyme for preneoplastic cells in the rat chemical hepatocarcinogenesis.

A polypeptide of Mr 26,000 and pI 6.7 that was markedly increased in rat livers bearing hyperplastic nodules (HNs) induced by chemical carcinogens was identified immunochemically as the subunit of neutral glutathione (GSH) transferase (GSHTase; RX:glutathione R-transferase, EC 2.5.1.18; also called GSH S-transferase) purified from placenta (GSHTase-P) and was demonstrated immunohistochemically to be localized in preneoplastic foci and HNs. In the present study, GSHTase-P has been purified from the HN-bearing liver, and the distribution and inducibility have been examined quantitatively using a

Genetic variation in the HN and SH genes of mumps viruses: a comparison of strains from mumps cases with and without neurological symptoms.

BACKGROUND: It is known that mumps virus (MuV) strains may vary in their neurovirulent capacity, and certain MuV strains may be highly neuro … nificant difference between the samples of the two groups of patients at the aa sites in either the HN protein or the SH protein, which have previously been hypothesized to be associated with neurovirulence or antigenicity. The occurrence of neurological symptoms of mumps does not appear to be due to a single point mutation in either the HN or SH gene.

Identification of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein as an Upstream Regulator of Ferroptosis in Hyperuricemic Nephropathy.

AIM: Hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) is a major contributor to chronic kidney disease, yet current urate-lowering therapies often fail to halt tubular injury once established. While ferroptosis is known to drive renal injury in HN, the upstream molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated whether thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) acts as an upstream regulator linking hyperuricemia to ferroptosis-associated tubular injury in HN. METHODS: TXNIP expression was examined in renal biopsies from patients with HN and two murine models (drug-induced and Uox-/- mice). Functional studies co

Pharmacological and pre-clinical safety profile of rSIV.F/HN, a hybrid lentiviral vector for cystic fibrosis gene therapy.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. CFTR modulators offer significant improvements, but ∼10% of patients remain nonresponsive or are intolerant. This study provides an analysis of rSIV.F/HN, a lentiviral vector optimised for lung delivery, including CFTR protein expression, functional correction of CFTR defects and genomic integration site analysis in preparation for a first-in-human clinical trial. METHODS: Air-liquid interface cultures of primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) from CF patie

Isolation, complete genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis of getah virus from a diseased pig herd in Hunan Province, China.

Getah virus (GETV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus (family Togaviridae) that poses a significant threat to the swine industry by causing reproductive disorders in sows and neurological symptoms in piglets. In this study, a GETV strain, designated HN-2025, was isolated from a commercial pig farm in Hunan Province, China, during a clinical outbreak. The isolate induced typical cytopathic effects (CPE) in BHK-21 cells, including cell rounding, shrinkage, and detachment. The complete genome of HN-2025 was determined to be 11,689 nucleotides (nt) in length and exhibited the canonical genomic organiz

Regulation of fusion activity by the cytoplasmic domain of a paramyxovirus F protein.

SER virus is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Rubulavirus, which has been isolated from pigs. It is very closely related to SV5 … sed with either SV5 or SER HN. In contrast, SV5 F was highly fusogenic when coexpressed with either HN protein, indicating that the restricted fusion capacity of SER virus is a property of its F protein. Truncation in the CT of SER F by 22 residues completely rescued its ability to cause syncytium formation, whereas other truncations rescued syncytium format …

Identify the co-expressed genes of hypertensive nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy.

This study focused on the intricate connections between hypertension nephropathy (HN) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in terms of molecular and pathological mechanisms. The samples were from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GSE37460 and GSE142153 are training sets, and GSE37455 and GSE30529 are validation sets. We found 42 shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by means of the differential analysis. The GO/KEGG and GSEA analysis mainly highlights the signal transduction pathways related to the proteasome and cytokines. The eight hub genes identified through the Protein-Protein I

Differential Effects of n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Placental and Embryonic Growth and Development in Diabetic Pregnant Mice.

The present study aimed to investigate the differential effects of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on placental and embryonic development. Pregnant mice were assigned to five groups: healthy control (HC), diabetes mellitus control (DMC), diabetes + low-dose n-3 PUFA (Ln-3), diabetes + high-dose n-3 PUFA (Hn-3), and diabetes + n-6 PUFA (n-6). On E12.5d, the Hn-3 group, but not the n-6 group, had a higher placenta weight. The weight ratio of embryo to placenta in the n-6 group was significantly lower than in the Hn-3 group but higher than in the DMC group. The Hn-3 group had sign

The Urabe AM9 mumps vaccine is a mixture of viruses differing at amino acid 335 of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene with one form associated with disease.

The reason for the high incidence of vaccine-associated meningitis due to the Urabe AM9 vaccine was assessed by comparing the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene from vaccine virus to those of viruses isolated from persons with postvaccination meningitis. A G1081--> A nt substitution that was predicted to result in a Glu335--> Lys reversion in the HN protein was detected between Urabe AM9 (G) and postvaccine meningitis mumps virus isolates (A). Further analysis showed that the Urabe AM9 vaccine was a mixture of viruses with wild type (A) and variant (G) nt at …