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Multiple sclerosis: 2026 update.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the inflammatory-demyelinating disease of the CNS with the highest prevalence. Despite significant progress in reducing relapse activity by immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive treatments, there are ongoing challenges in understanding its initiation and predicting disease evolution. Furthermore, since we only partially understand the mechanisms driving disease progression, its successful treatment represents a major challenge. Therefore, this review article summarizes key research findings from the last 18 months, covering advances in the understanding of pathophysi…

Множественный склероз: обновление 2024 года.

Множественный склероз (MS) — сложная иммунная болезнь, приводящая к неврологическим расстройствам, с постоянными трудностями в понимании ее начала, прогнозировании прогресса и оптимизации индивидуального лечения. В этой обзорной статье резюмируются основные результаты исследований, проведенных в 2024 году, включая достижения в области диагностических критериев, понимания патофизиологии и стратегий лечения. Новые исследования укрепляют тесную связь между вирусом Эпштейн-Барр (ЭБВ) и MS, в то время как последние данные указывают на роль генетики в прогрессировании заболеваний MS. Пересмотр крите

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex immune-mediated disease that leads to neurological disability, with ongoing challenges in understanding its initiation, predicting progression, and optimizing personalized treatment. This review article summarizes key research findings from 2024, covering advances in diagnostic criteria, understanding of pathophysiology, …

[MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS THERAPY - 2019].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory-demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) of a putative autoimmune origin. The disease is characterized pathologically by scattered areas of peri-vascular mononuclear cell infiltrates, demyelination with various degrees of remyelination, axonal loss and gliosis that form multiple plaques throughout the brain and spinal cord, and clinically by a variety of neurological signs and symptoms disseminated in time and space. A better understanding of the immune pathogenesis of MS has led to the development of a va…

Fulminant multiple sclerosis (MS).

Fulminant multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most malignant form of MS which usually leads to death in few weeks. Although it can be accompanied by optic neuritis (ON), but long interval between ON and the grave onset has not been reported. Fulminant MS usually occurs as the first onset and previous ON is not common. We report a rare case of 30-year-old woman with a history of ON 1 year ago. The rapid deterioration to vegetative state followed by a seizure and previous ON differentiated this case from previous reported cases. The differential diagnosis of a rapidly progressive leucoencephalopathy …

Multiple sclerosis-associated uveitis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To describe the clinical characteristics and course of 16 patients with uveitis associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: The records of 1254 patients with uveitis were reviewed. Sixteen of these patients had MS. The history, review of systems, ocular findings, and clinical test results of each of these 16 subjects were analyzed. The mean follow-up time was 38 months. RESULTS: Most patients with MS-associated uveitis were white females between 20 and 50 years of age. The diagnosis of MS preceded the onset of uveitis in 56%, followed it in 25%, and was made concurrent…

[Late onset multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) with clinical onset after 50 years old is unusual and frequently misdiagnosed. Clinical presentation and course seem also to be different that in MS occurring between 20 and 50 years old. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of late onset MS. We respectively studied MS patients older than 50 years at the onset of the disease. We evaluated demographical data, clinical symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and MRI of these patients. We also studied clinical data during the follow-up with the occ…

Neurology. 4: Multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and a common cause of disability in young adults; it is most likely an autoimmune disease. Typically, MS initially follows a relapsing-remitting course, but most patients eventually develop secondary progressive MS, where there is progressive deterioration without relapses or remissions; in some patients, MS has a primary progressive course. The diagnosis of MS requires evidence of CNS lesions disseminated in time and place, as well as the exclusion of other likely causes of these lesion…

Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: This article describes the features and application of the 2024 McDonald criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). LATEST DEVELOPMENTS: The updated 2024 McDonald criteria are designed to be inclusive, with multiple new pathways to diagnosis that are applicable across the age spectrum and for patients with typical, nonspecific, or incidental presentations. New fluid and MRI biomarkers have been incorporated, including the kappa free light chain index, the central vein sign, and paramagnetic rim lesions. Anatomic regions for the fulfillment of dissemination in space now …

aHSCT in multiple sclerosis.

Kazmi, Muraro, Mehra et al. (1) report the United Kingdom experience with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) in multiple sclerosis (MS) in a group of 364 MS patients (pwMS) treated with aHSCT. Even though the response rate was superior in the relapsing-remitting forms of MS, the authors observed positive responses in all types of MS; this observation is in accord with other reports employing other conditioning regimens (2). We strongly believe that the world medical community will listen more closely to the advocacy by MS patients and their families who have attempted …

Сенсоры в множестве склерозов.

ЦЕЛЬ ОБЗОРА: Биосенсоры и цифровые инструменты могут усилить мониторинг людей с множественным склерозом (МС) и содействовать своевременному принятию клинических решений на основе данных. Мы анализируем текущие и новые виды применения биосенсоров для мониторинга функций в MS. ПОСЛЕДНИЕ РИНДИНГЫ: Биосенсоры отслеживают различные физиологические и кинетические метрические параметры, что позволяет оценивать функции в нескольких ключевых областях MS, включая физическую активность, циркадическую ритмичность, походку, баланс, тонкую моторную функцию и контроль мочевого пузыря. Последовательный вывод,

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Biosensors and digital tools may enhance monitoring of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and support timely, data-driven clinical decisions. We review current and emerging applications of biosensors to monitor function in MS. RECENT RINDINGS: Biosensors track diverse physiological and kinetic metrics, allowing assessment of function acr…

Прогресс в мультиклерозе.

Множественный склероз (MS) является наиболее распространенным и подстрекательским заболеванием ЦНС; он имеет глобальное распространение с растущим распространением [...].

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating and inflammatory disease of the CNS; it has a global distribution with increasing prevalence [...].

The neuropathobiology of multiple sclerosis.

Chronic low-grade inflammation and neuronal deregulation are two components of a smoldering disease activity that drives the progression of disability in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Although several therapies exist to dampen the acute inflammation that drives MS relapses, therapeutic options to halt chronic disability progression are a major unmet clinical need. The development of such therapies is hindered by our limited understanding of the neuron-intrinsic determinants of resilience or vulnerability to inflammation. In this Review, we provide a neuron-centric overview of recent adv…

Ocrelizumab for multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Ocrelizumab is a humanised anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody developed for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2017 for using in adults with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). Ocrelizumab is the only disease-modifying therapy (DMT) approved for PPMS. In November 2017, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) also approved ocrelizumab as the first drug for people with early PPMS. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the benefits, harms, and tolerability of …

Siponimod for multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system, with an unpredictable course. Current MS therapies such as disease-modifying therapies focus on treating exacerbations, preventing new exacerbations and avoiding the progression of disability. Siponimod (BAF312) is an oral treatment, a selective sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator, for the treatment of adults with relapsing forms of MS including active, secondary progressive MS with relapses. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and adverse effects of siponimod as monotherapy or …