Результаты поиска

Autotaxin (NPP-2) in the brain: cell type-specific expression and regulation during development and after neurotrauma.

Autotaxin is a secreted cell motility-stimulating exo-phosphodiesterase with lysophospholipase D activity that generates bioactive lysophosp … ntral nervous system. In the adult brain, autotaxin is solely expressed in leptomeningeal cells and oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Following neurotrauma, autotaxin is strongly up-regulated in reactive astrocytes adjacent to the lesion. The present study revealed the cellular distribution of autotaxin in the developing and lesioned brain and implies a function of autotaxin in o …

Gain of Olig2 function in oligodendrocyte progenitors promotes remyelination.

The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Olig2 is a key determinant for the specification of neural precursor cells into oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. However, the functional role of Olig2 in oligodendrocyte migration and differentiation remains elusive both during developmental myelination and under demyelinating conditions of the adult central nervous system. To decipher Olig2 functions, we generated transgenic mice (TetOlig2:Sox10(rtTA/+)) overexpressing Olig2 in Sox10(+) oligodendroglial cells in a doxycycline inducible manner. We show that Olig2 overexpression increases the gen

Oligodendrocyte pathology in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

The pathology of fetal alcohol syndrome and the less severe fetal alcohol spectrum disorders includes brain dysmyelination. Recent studies have shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying these white matter abnormalities. Rodent models of fetal alcohol syndrome and human studies have shown suppressed oligodendrocyte differentiation and apoptosis of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Ethanol exposure led to reduced expression of myelin basic protein and delayed myelin basic protein expression in rat and mouse models of fetal alcohol syndrome and in human histopathological specimens. Several…

CD133+ ovarian cancer stem-like cells promote non-stem cancer cell metastasis via CCL5 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

This is a protocol for derivation of glial restricted precursor (GRP) cells from the spinal cord of E13 mouse fetuses. These cells are early precursors within the oligodendrocytic cell lineage. Recently, these cells have been studied as potential source for restorative therapies in white matter diseases. Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the leading cause of non-genetic white matter disease in childhood and affects up to 50% of extremely premature infants. The data suggest a heightened susceptibility of the developing brain to hypoxia-ischemia, oxidative stress and excitotoxicity that sele

Pushing myelination - developmental regulation of myosin expression drives oligodendrocyte morphological differentiation.

Oligodendrocytes are the central nervous system myelin-forming cells providing axonal electrical insulation and higher-order neuronal circuitry. The mechanical forces driving the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells into myelinating oligodendrocytes are largely unknown, but likely require the spatiotemporal regulation of the architecture and dynamics of the actin and actomyosin cytoskeletons. In this study, we analyzed the expression pattern of myosin motors during oligodendrocyte development. We report that oligodendrocyte differentiation is regulated by the synchronized express…

Temporal and partial inhibition of GLI1 in neural stem cells (NSCs) results in the early maturation of NSC derived oligodendrocytes in vitro.

BACKGROUND: Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cells that synthesize the myelin sheath around the axons and are critical for the nerve con … purmorphamine to induce the generation of OLIG2 glial precursors. One hundred ninety-two individual oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) from GANT61 and control group were analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). RESULTS: We demonstrate here that transient and partial inhibition of the SHH pathway transcription factor GLI1 in NSCs by a small molecule inhibitor GANT61 …

Accelerated repair of demyelinated CNS lesions in the absence of non-muscle myosin IIB.

The oligodendrocyte (OL), the myelinating cell of the central nervous system, undergoes dramatic changes in the organization of its cytoskeleton as it differentiates from a precursor (oligodendrocyte precursor cells) to a myelin-forming cell. These changes include an increase in its branching cell processes, a phenomenon necessary for OL to myelinate multiple axon segments. We have previously shown that levels and activity of non-muscle myosin II (NMII), a regulator of cytoskeletal contractility, decrease as a function of differentiation and that inhibition of NMII increases branching and myel…

Hippocampal teneurin-4 knockdown promotes depression-like behavioral phenotypes by disrupting oligodendrocyte differentiation in mice.

Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders worldwide. The limited clinical efficacy of current antidepressants highlights iden … D significantly decreased the number of mature oligodendrocyte cells and increased in the number of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, without changes in the total number of oligodendrocyte lineage cells. This study provides the first evidence that hippocampal Tenm4 deficiency induces depression-like behavior phenotypes through impaired oligodendrocyte differentiation and promotin …

GABAergic regulation of cerebellar NG2 cell development is altered in perinatal white matter injury.

Diffuse white matter injury (DWMI), a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disabilities in preterm infants, is characterized by reduced oligodendrocyte formation. NG2-expressing oligodendrocyte precursor cells (NG2 cells) are exposed to various extrinsic regulatory signals, including the neurotransmitter GABA. We investigated GABAergic signaling to cerebellar white matter NG2 cells in a mouse model of DWMI (chronic neonatal hypoxia). We found that hypoxia caused a loss of GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic input to NG2 cells, extensive proliferation of these cells and delayed oligodendrocyte matu…

Ethanol effects on cerebellar myelination in a postnatal mouse model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are alarmingly common, result in significant personal and societal loss, and there are no effective … ntly reduced the expression of markers for multiple stages of oligodendrocyte maturation, including oligodendrocyte precursor cells, pre-myelinating oligodendrocytes, and mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. Additionally, we determined that ethanol significantly decreased the expression of molecules that play critical roles in oligodendrocyte differentiation. Interestingly, we a …

Diabetes Mellitus Impairs White Matter Repair and Long-Term Functional Deficits After Cerebral Ischemia.

Background and Purpose- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major comorbidity that exacerbates ischemic brain injury and worsens functional … rity correlated with poor sensorimotor performance. Furthermore, T2DM impaired the proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and the generation of new myelinating oligodendrocytes. T2DM also promoted a shift of microglia/macrophage phenotype toward the proinflammatory modality. Coculture studies confirmed that microglia/macrophage polarization toward the proinflammatory p …

NMDA receptors are expressed in oligodendrocytes and activated in ischaemia.

Glutamate-mediated damage to oligodendrocytes contributes to mental or physical impairment in periventricular leukomalacia (pre- or perinatal white matter injury leading to cerebral palsy), spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis and stroke. Unlike neurons, white matter oligodendrocytes reportedly lack NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) receptors. It is believed that glutamate damages oligodendrocytes, especially their precursor cells, by acting on calcium-permeable AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid)/kainate receptors alone or by reversing cystine-glutamate exchange and d

Subcortical ischemic vascular disease: Roles of oligodendrocyte function in experimental models of subcortical white-matter injury.

Oligodendrocytes are one of the major cell types in cerebral white matter. Under normal conditions, they form myelin sheaths that encircle axons to support fast nerve conduction. Under conditions of cerebral ischemia, oligodendrocytes tend to die, resulting in white-matter dysfunction. Repair of white matter involves the ability of oligodendrocyte precursors to proliferate and mature. However, replacement of lost oligodendrocytes may not be the only mechanism for white-matter recovery. Emerging data now suggest that coordinated signaling between neural, glial, and vascular cells in the entire

Повреждённое воспоминание в поздних множественных склерозах.

Снижение регенеративной способности может способствовать более быстрому развитию заболеваний и более слабому восстановлению рецидивов у многих склерозных пациентов с наступлением болезни после возраста 50, состояние известное как поздний множественный склероз (LOMS). Мы гипотезуем, что повреждения в пациентах LOMS показывают более явные повреждения аксона, меньше ремиелиции и изменённый подстрекательский состав, и провели детальный гистопатологический анализ биопсии MS у пациентов с ранним этапом LOMS. Было оценено количество клеток Т, клеток В, плазменных клеток, микроглий/макропатов, различн

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
A reduced regenerative capacity may contribute to faster disease progression and poorer relapse recovery in multiple sclerosis patients with … .5) than NOMS patients (median 3.0, p = 0.05). A higher EDSS score correlated with fewer mature and oligodendrocyte precursor cells in active demyelinating lesions (r = - 0.4, p = 0.01 and r = - 0.6, p = 0.003). These findings suggest a clinically relevant impaired oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination in LOMS. Since remyelination is essential for axonal protection, …

Laminin regulates oligodendrocyte development and myelination.

Oligodendrocytes are the cells that myelinate axons and provide trophic support to neurons in the CNS. Their dysfunction has been associated with a group of disorders known as demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. Oligodendrocytes are derived from oligodendrocyte precursor cells, which differentiate into premyelinating oligodendrocytes and eventually mature oligodendrocytes. The development and function of oligodendrocytes are tightly regulated by a variety of molecules, including laminin, a major protein of the extracellular matrix. Accumulating evidence suggests that laminin ac…

Microglial ASD-related genes are involved in oligodendrocyte differentiation.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with mutations of chromodomain-helicase DNA-binding protein 8 (Chd8) and tuberous sclerosis c … microglia-mediated oligodendrocyte development was inhibited, in particular, the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells to oligodendrocytes was prevented by Chd8 or Tsc2 deficiency. These results suggest that ASD-related gene expression in microglia is involved in oligodendrocyte differentiation, which may contribute to the white matter pathology relating to ASD.

Hydroxyfasudil alleviates demyelination through the inhibition of MOG antibody and microglia activation in cuprizone mouse model.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by oligodendrocyte loss and … e production of astrocyte-derived brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and regeneration of NG2+ oligodendrocyte precursor cells. These results provide potent evidence for the therapeutic effects of HF in CPZ-induced demyelination.

Integrating network pharmacology and in vivo study to explore the anti-Alzheimer's potential of Bergenia ligulata and Nelumbo nucifera.

Differentiation of human neural progenitors into neuronal and glial cell types offers a model to study and compare molecular regulation of neural cell lineage development. In vitro expansion of neural progenitors from fetal CNS tissue has been well characterized. Despite the identification and isolation of glial progenitors from adult human sub-cortical white matter and development of various culture conditions to direct differentiation of fetal neural progenitors into myelin producing oligodendrocytes, acquiring sufficient human oligodendrocytes for in vitro experimentation remains difficult.

H2S-RhoA/ROCK Pathway and Glial Cells in Axonal Remyelination After Ischemic Stroke.

Ischemic stroke is one of the main reasons of disability and death. Stroke-induced functional deficits are mainly due to the secondary degen … se and oxidative stress, regulating astrocyte function, promoting the differentiation of endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to mature oligodendrocyte. Among all of these effects, promoting the formation of mature oligodendrocyte is a crucial part of axonal regeneration and remyelination. Furthermore, numerous studies have uncovered the crosstalk between astrocytes …

Age-related decline in oligodendrogenesis retards white matter repair in mice.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Aging is one of the major risk factors for white matter injury in cerebrovascular disease. However, the effects of a … ry stenosis in 2-month and 8-month-old mice. Matching in vitro studies were performed by subjecting oligodendrocyte precursor cells to sublethal 7-day CoCl2 treatment to induce chemical hypoxic stress. RESULTS: Baseline myelin density in the corpus callosum was similar in 2-month and 8-month-old mice. But after induction of prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion, older mice showed mo …