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Dissociable contributions of mediodorsal and anterior thalamic nuclei in visual attentional performance: A comparison using nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists.

BACKGROUND: Thalamic subregions mediate various cognitive functions, including attention, inhibitory response control and decision making. Such neuronal activity is modulated by cholinergic thalamic afferents and deterioration of such modulatory signaling has been theorised to contribute to cognitive decline in neurodegenerative disorders. However, the thalamic subnuclei and cholinergic receptors involved in cognitive functioning remain largely unknown. AIMS: We investigated whether muscarinic or nicotinic receptors in the mediodorsal thalamus and anterior thalamus contribute to rats' perform

REM sleep deprivation induces changes of down regulatory antagonist modulator (DREAM) expression in the ventrobasal thalamic nuclei of sprague-dawley rats.

REM sleep is a crucial component of sleep. Animal studies indicate that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation elicits changes in gene expression. Down regulatory antagonist modulator (DREAM) is a protein which downregulates other gene transcriptions by binding to the downstream response element site. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of REM sleep deprivation on DREAM expression in ventrobasal thalamic nuclei (VB) of rats. Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four major groups consisting of free-moving control rats (FMC) (n = 18), 72-h REM sleep-deprived rats…

Connectivity alteration in thalamic nuclei and default mode network-related area in memory processes in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy using magnetoencephalography.

This work aimed to investigate the involvement of the thalamic nuclei in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and identify the influence of interictal epileptic discharges on the neural basis of memory processing by evaluating the functional connectivity (FC) between the thalamic nuclei and default mode network-related area (DMNRA) using magnetoencephalography. Preoperative datasets of nine patients with MTLE with seizure-free status after surgery and those of nine healthy controls were analyzed. The FC between the thalamic nuclei (anterior nucleus [ANT], mediodorsal nucleus [MD], intralaminar…

Hemi-parkinsonism and return of essential tremors after MRgFUS thalamotomy: Case report and review of procedural complications affecting ventral thalamic nuclei.

Magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy targets the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus and has been show … volvement of the fiber tracts through the ventrolateral subnuclei and the adjacent ventral anterior thalamic nuclei and other surrounding structures. We describe side effects of MRgFUS thalamotomy in our patient compared to previous reports and review the thalamic nuclei and surrounding structures that can be affected during procedure, causing these effects.

Nonlinear segmentation and positioning of thalamic nuclei for deep brain stimulation implantation assisted by surgical robot in patients with disorders of consciousness: a technical report.

BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the centromedian-parafascicular (CM-pf) thalamic nucleus is a promising yet challenging i … eal-world evidence that NRRT-assisted robotic DBS is a feasible and accurate approach for targeting thalamic nuclei in patients with DoC and distorted brain anatomy. The technique allows for personalized surgical planning that may optimize electrode placement. The observed clinical improvements, while encouraging, require cautious interpretation due to the possib …

Cortical surface area, thalamic nuclei volume, and associations with neurocognitive functioning in 6-13-year-old children born late preterm and full term.

BACKGROUND: Late preterm (LP) children (34 0/7 - 36 6/7 weeks of gestation) are at risk for neurocognitive challenges, yet the neuroanatomic and functional disruptions underlying these developmental differences remain poorly understood. PURPOSE OR HYPOTHESIS: Investigate (1) regional differences in cortical surface area and thalamic nuclei volume and (2) structural variations that may explain heterogeneity in neurocognitive functioning in LP versus full term (FT) school-aged children, using two complementary approaches: a vertex-wise analysis of cortical surface area and a region-of-interest …

Changes in neuronal activities in the two ventral posterior medial thalamic nuclei in an experimental model of trigeminal pain in the rat by constriction of one infraorbital nerve.

The present study analyzes the activity of 120 neurons recorded in the two ventro-postero-medial (VPM) nuclei of the thalamus in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Twenty-eight rats were tested 2 weeks after a chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the infraorbital nerve (IoN). These animals exhibited violent pain-related reactions to extremely weak mechanical stimuli applied to the lesioned and, to a lesser extent, unlesioned IoN territories. The activities of neurons recorded in the VPMc (n = 80) and VPMi (n = 40), contralateral and ipsilateral to the injured nerve, respectively, were

Transplants of fetal frontal cortex grafted into the occipital cortex of newborn rats receive a substantial thalamic input from nuclei normally projecting to the frontal cortex.

A number of molecular and hodological experiments have provided evidence that there is an early commitment of neocortical neurons to express … ). Transplants of embryonic occipital cortex received significant input from several visual-related thalamic nuclei, i.e. the lateral posterior and lateral dorsal nuclei, and no input from motor-related thalamic nuclei. However, only few labeled cells were found in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, which was systematically affected by a severe atrophy, proba …

Expression of 10 GABA(A) receptor subunit messenger RNAs in the motor-related thalamic nuclei and basal ganglia of Macaca mulatta studied with in situ hybridization histochemistry.

In situ hybridization histochemistry technique with [35S]UTP-labelled riboprobes was used to study the expression pattern of 10 GABA(A) receptor subunit messenger RNAs in the basal ganglia and motor thalamic nuclei of rhesus monkey. Human transcripts were used for the synthesis of alpha2, alpha4, beta2, beta3, gamma1 and delta subunit messenger RNA probes. Rat complementary DNAs were used for generating alpha1, alpha3, beta1 and gamma2 subunit messenger RNA probes. Nigral, pallidal and cerebellar afferent territories in the ventral tier thalamic nuclei all expressed alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, alp…

Neocortical projections of the suprageniculate and posterior thalamic nuclei in the marsupial brush-tailed possum, Trichosurus vulpecula (Phalangeridae), with a comparative commentary on the organization of the posterior thalamus in marsupial and placental mammals.

Axonal transport methods were used to determine the extent and organisation of neocortical projections from the suprageniculate (SG) and posterior (PO) thalamic nuclei in the brush-tailed possum. Our findings show that SG projects extensively to the auditory cortex, overlapping the cortical projection field of the medial geniculate nucleus, and to the immediately neighbouring association cortex. Though the input relationships of SG appear similar to those reported for other mammals, placental and marsupial, a strong SG projection to auditory cortex has not been reported previously. Neocortical…

Inhibition of Excessive Glutamatergic Transmission in the Ventral Thalamic Nuclei by a Selective Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonist, 5'-Chloro-5'-Deoxy-(±)-ENBA Underlies its Tremorolytic Effect in the Harmaline-Induced Model of Essential Tremor.

The primary cause of harmaline tremor, which is a model of essential tremor (ET) in animals, is excessive activation of olivocerebellar glut … 5 Hz frequency band. Our findings show that A1 stimulation decreases glutamate release in the motor thalamic nuclei in the harmaline model of ET, suggesting that A1 receptors, especially in this structure, may be a potential therapeutic target in this disorder.

Nuclei and tracts in the thalamus of crocodiles.

The thalamus is one of the most important divisions of the forebrain because it serves as the major hub for transmission of information betw … n nuclei. However, immunohistochemical observations suggested a subdivision of alar-derived ventral thalamic nuclei. In view of this, a different approach to the organization of the dorsal thalamus should be considered. Development of the dorsal thalamus is suggested to be one way to provide a fresh perspective on its organization.

Thalamic anterior part of the ventral posterolateral nucleus and central lateral nucleus in the genesis of central post-stroke pain.

BACKGROUND: The genesis of central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is important but difficult to understand. We evaluated the involvement of the tha … definite thalamic lesion in 5 patients but did in 4 patients. Electrophysiological studies of these thalamic nuclei were carried out during the surgery. Anatomical studies using CT were performed in another 20 patients with thalamic hemorrhage who had clear consciousness but had sensory disturbance at onset. RESULTS: Neural activities were preserved and hyperact …

A New Projection From the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei to the Hippocampus via the Ventrolateral and Laterodorsal Thalamus in Mice.

The cerebellar involvement in cognitive functions such as attention, language, working memory, emotion, goal-directed behavior and spatial n … m (S), which are monosynaptically connected to thalamic laterodorsal and ventrolateral areas. These thalamic nuclei are directly connected to cerebellar fastigial (FN), interposed (IntP) and lateral (Lat) nuclei, discovering a new projection route from the fastigial to the laterodorsal thalamic nucleus in the mouse brain. Collectively, our findings suggest a new …

MRgFUS of the nucleus ventralis intermedius in essential tremor modulates functional connectivity within the classical tremor network and beyond.

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) of the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus is an incisionless lesional treatment for essential tremor. OBJECTIVE: To examine relationships between tremor severity and functional connectivity in patients with essential tremor and to assess long-term changes in the tremor network after sonication of the ventral intermediate nucleus. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with essential tremor (70.33 ± 11.32 years) were included in the final analysis and underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T before and 6 mo

Arterial Supply of the Thalamus: A Comprehensive Review.

The thalamus is a deep cerebral structure that is crucial for proper neurological functioning as it transmits signals from nearly all pathwa … lamus and the complications that can arise from lesions to it by considering the functions of known thalamic nuclei supplied by each vascular territory.

Таламическая атрофия в множестве склероза связана с разъединением трактов и изменённой микроглией.

Таламическая атрофия уже происходит на ранних стадиях множественного склероза (MS) и постепенно продолжается на протяжении всего заболевания. Обезвоживание является одной из главных патологических характеристик MS, и, тем не менее, таламическое демиэлирование не имеет хорошей корреляции с таламической атрофией. Сочетая посмертные магнитные резонансные изображения с иммуногистохимией талами 13 контрольных и 13 спонсоров MS, мы изучили основные патологические источники таламической атрофии и патологии. Сначала мы провели оценку объемов четырех таламических ядер (настоящих, боковых, средних и зад

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Thalamic atrophy already occurs in the early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) and continues progressively throughout the disease. Demyelina … pathological contributors of thalamic atrophy and pathology. We first assessed the volumes of four thalamic nuclei groups (anterior, lateral, medial and posterior). Then, diffusion weighted imaging was used to assess the microstructural integrity of white matter tracts connecting each thalamic nuclei group. In addition, we studied myelination, inflammation, neur …

The synaptic inputs and thalamic projections of two classes of layer 6 corticothalamic neurons in primary somatosensory cortex of the mouse.

Although corticothalamic neurons (CThNs) represent the largest source of synaptic input to thalamic neurons, their role in regulating thalamocortical interactions remains incompletely understood. CThNs in sensory cortex have historically been divided into two types, those with cell bodies in Layer 6 (L6) that project back to primary sensory thalamic nuclei and those with cell bodies in Layer 5 (L5) that project to higher-order thalamic nuclei and subcortical structures. Recently, diversity among L6 CThNs has increasingly been appreciated. In the rodent somatosensory cortex, two major classes o…

Collateral rostral thalamic projections to prelimbic, infralimbic, anterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices in the rat brain.

As the functional properties of a cortical area partly reflect its thalamic inputs, the present study compared collateral projections arising from various rostral thalamic nuclei that terminate across prefrontal (including anterior cingulate) and retrosplenial areas in the rat brain. Two retrograde tracers, fast blue and cholera toxin B, were injected in pairs to different combinations of cortical areas. The research focused on the individual anterior thalamic nuclei, including the interanteromedial nucleus, nucleus reuniens and the laterodorsal nucleus. Of the principal anterior thalamic nucl…

Thalamocortical seizure onset patterns in drug-resistant focal epilepsy.

Drug-resistant epilepsy affects tens of millions of people worldwide and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Thalamic deep brain stimulation and cortical responsive neurostimulation are proven treatments for focal epilepsy. Both have been used to target a range of thalamic nuclei; yet, the roles of these thalamic nuclei in focal seizure generation remain incompletely understood. Thirteen patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy undergoing intracranial EEG were consented to undergo investigation of thalamocortical networks. Sampled regions included cortical, mesial tempo…