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[Volume and profile of alcohol consumption among students and classmates as predictors of aggression and victimization: a multilevel analysis among Swiss adolescents].

OBJECTIVE: To test the effects of the volume of alcohol consumption and drinking patterns on alcohol-related aggression and victimization, both at the individual and class levels. METHODS: Representative sample drawn from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) of 6496 Swiss adolescents (13 to 16 years). Hierarchical multi-level models were used to simultaneously estimate individual and environmental influences. In addition to indicators of consumption of alcohol and other substances, age, sex, socioeconomic indicators and satisfaction with the relationship to pa

Screening for at-risk drinking behavior in trauma patients.

CONTEXT: A blood alcohol level above 0 g/dL is found in up to 50% of patients presenting with traumatic injuries. The presence of alcohol in the blood not only increases the risk of traumatic injury, but it is also associated with worse outcomes and trauma recidivism. In light of these risks, the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma advocates screening for at-risk drinking. Although many institutions use blood alcohol levels to determine at-risk drinking in trauma patients, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) offers a cheap and easy alternative. Few direct compari

A metric of maternal prenatal risk drinking predicts neurobehavioral outcomes in preschool children.

BACKGROUND: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs), including Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, continue to be high-incidence developmental disorder … 4- to 5-year-old children. CONCLUSIONS: A metric reflecting multiple indices of "at-risk" maternal alcohol drinking in pregnancy had greater utility in predicting various prenatal alcohol-related neurobehavioral dysfunction and deficits in children compared to individual measures of maternal self-reported alcohol consumption or a previous maternal substance abuse …

Alcohol Use Trajectories Before and After Pregnancy Among Adolescent and Young Adult Mothers.

BACKGROUND: Moderate to heavy alcohol use during pregnancy (≥3 drinks/occasion) is linked to a range of adverse offspring outcomes. Prior studies suggest that adolescent and young adult mothers may be particularly vulnerable to these risky drinking behaviors during and after pregnancy. This study used latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to examine changes in risky drinking from prepregnancy to postpregnancy and identified prepregnancy predictors representing cognitive and social factors to inform prevention. METHODS: Participants included 432 adolescent and young adult mothers (aged 13 to 24;

Biobehavioral mechanisms of topiramate's effects on alcohol use: an investigation pairing laboratory and ecological momentary assessments.

Topiramate reduces drinking, but little is known about the mechanisms that precipitate this effect. This double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study assessed the putative mechanisms by which topiramate reduces alcohol use among 96 adult non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers in a laboratory-based alcohol cue reactivity assessment and in the natural environment using ecological momentary assessment methods. Topiramate reduced the quantity of alcohol heavy drinkers consumed on drinking days and reduced craving while participants were drinking but did not affect craving outside of drinking epi

Current alcohol use and risk for hypomania in male students: generally more or more binging?

BACKGROUND: Alcohol use disorders and bipolar disorder are highly comorbid. Some studies suggest that alcohol abuse or misuse might even precede the onset of bipolar disorder, but few studies have looked at the daily drinking pattern beyond diagnostic categories. We therefore examined if risk for hypomania is associated with a specific drinking pattern when using a calendar-based interview. METHOD: A total of 120 students who completed the Hypomanic Personality Scale were independently interviewed with the FORM 90 to assess daily drinking and the Composite Diagnostic Interview to derive Diagn

Preclinical and clinical evidence for suppression of alcohol intake by apremilast.

Treatment options for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) have minimally advanced since 2004, while the annual deaths and economic toll have increa … ion in mouse models of genetic risk for drinking to intoxication. Apremilast also reduced excessive alcohol drinking in models of stress-facilitated drinking and alcohol dependence. Using site-directed drug infusions and electrophysiology, we uncovered that apremilast may act to lessen drinking in mice by increasing neural activity in the nucleus accumbens, a key …

Linking Depression with Negative Alcohol-Related Consequences: A Structural Equation Model Among a Clinically Depressed Population.

Background and Objectives: Previous research suggests that rumination acts as a mediating mechanism in the association between depression and drinking motives, particularly drinking to cope, as well as negative alcohol-related consequences. In this study, we tested the connections between depressive symptoms, rumination, drinking motives, alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related problems in a clinically depressed population (N = 209). Methods: Structural equation modeling was used to test the models. Specifications were based on the results of a previously evaluated model in a sample of colleg

Influence of age at drinking onset on long-term ethanol self-administration with deprivation and stress phases.

BACKGROUND: Onset of alcohol use during adolescence has potentially long-lasting consequences, e.g., prospective alcohol dependence. To obta … of the effects of deprivation and stress on alcohol intake and the influence of these events on the alcohol drinking behavior across time. METHODS: Heterogeneous Wistar rats aged 31 days (adolescents) and 71 days (adults) were given ad libitum access to water, as well as 5% and 20% ethanol solutions during an observation period of 30 wk. A deprivation phase of 14 …

A prospective study of alcohol expectancies and self-efficacy as predictors of young adolescent alcohol misuse.

AIMS: To test the relative contribution of two key Social Learning Theory constructs, alcohol expectancies (AEs) and drinking refusal self-efficacy (DRSE), in predicting early adolescent drinking behavior and examine the possible mediational role of DRSE over AE. METHODS: High school students (N = 192, mean age 14) were administered measures assessing AE (Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire--Adolescent version; DEQ-A), DRSE (Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire--Revised Adolescent version; DRSEQ-RA) and indices of alcohol consumption and problem drinking. Age, gender, peer drinking, tob

A longitudinal examination of different etiological pathways to alcohol use and misuse.

BACKGROUND: Sher, Grekin, and Williams (2005) pointed out the existence of 4 main etiological, but not mutually exclusive, models that might explain the development of alcohol use and misuse. The aim of the present study was to explore 3 of these 4 pathways in which psychological (personality and drinking motives) and environmental (child maltreatment) variables may play a relevant role: positive affect regulation, negative affect regulation, and deviance proneness. METHODS: Three hundred and fourteen young adults in the 18 to 29 year age range completed different personality, alcohol use, an

Elucidating the Effect of a Brief Drinking Intervention Using Neuroimaging: A Preliminary Study.

BACKGROUND: Brief interventions have empirical support for acutely reducing alcohol use among non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers. Neuroimaging techniques allow for the examination of the neurobiological effect of behavioral interventions, probing brain systems putatively involved in clinical response to treatment. Few studies have prospectively evaluated whether psychosocial interventions attenuate neural cue reactivity that in turn reduces drinking in the same population. This study aimed to examine the effect of a brief intervention on drinking outcomes, neural alcohol cue reactivity, and

Craving mediates the relationship between sleep quality and impaired control over drinking: A preliminary study.

BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbances are common in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Craving is a critical driver of alcohol use and return to drinking and is influenced by sleep. Craving may be a mechanism underlying the relationship between sleep disturbance and alcohol use, such that sleep disturbances result in higher craving, limiting control over alcohol use. This study examined craving as a mediator of the relationship between global sleep quality and impaired control over alcohol use. METHODS: Sixty-two (35M/27F) individuals with moderate-to-severe AUD participated in the study.

Examining the role of psychological distress in linking childhood maltreatment and alcohol use in young adulthood.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Childhood maltreatment is related to alcohol use as well as psychological distress in young adulthood. Few studies have examined whether psychological distress mediates the relationship between child maltreatment and alcohol use. We examined the role of psychological distress in linking child maltreatment subtypes (ie, emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect) to four patterns of alcohol use, including frequency of alcohol use, binge drinking, alcohol-related problems, and alcohol dependence. METHODS: We used a community sample of young adults (N = 337

Episodic heavy drinking, problem drinking and injuries - results of the WHO/NIAAA collaborative emergency room study in South Korea.

Alcohol is the 5th leading risk factor to the global disease burden and disability and about half of the global alcohol burden was attributable to injuries. Despite a large body of evidence documenting the associations between alcohol and injuries, data from Asian countries including South Korea are sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between episodic heavy past-year drinking, problem drinking symptomatic of alcohol dependence and alcohol-related and intentional injuries. Data from 1989 injured patients recruited for the WHO/NIAAA Collaborative Study on Alcohol an

The Impacts of Binge Drinking and Hangover on the Social Brain: An Integrative Narrative Review.

Binge drinking is defined as consuming a large amount of alcohol in a short period of time, whereas hangover is a cluster of unpleasant mental symptoms and physical signs that typically manifest the next day after binge drinking. Binge drinking is a prevalent pattern of alcohol consumption, especially in adolescents, with dualistic effects on social behavior. While some studies demonstrate that a single episode of binge drinking enhances sociability and preference for social novelty, other studies indicate that repeating cycles of binge drinking and hangover can lead to persistent negative aff

Association Between Changes in Alcohol Consumption and Cancer Risk.

ImportanceAlthough numerous studies have shown an association between alcohol consumption and cancer, how changes in drinking behavior increase or decrease the incidence of cancer is not well understood.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between the reduction, cessation, or increase of alcohol consumption and the development of alcohol-related cancers and all cancers.Design, setting, and participantsThis population-based cohort study analyzed adult beneficiaries in the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Participants (aged ≥40 years) included those who underwent a national health sc

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… Alcohol drinking cessation and the risk of laryngeal and pharyngeal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58158. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058158 6. Jarl J, Gerdtham UG. … Alcohol drinking cessation and its effect on esophageal and head and neck cancers: a pooled analysis. Int J Cancer. 2007;121(5):1132-1137. doi: 10.1002/ijc.22798 23. Oneta CM, Lieber CS, Li J, et al. …

A Latent Profile Analysis of drinking motives among heavy drinking college students.

INTRODUCTION: Positively (Enhancement and Social) and negatively (Coping) reinforcing drinking motives have been shown to be associated with alcohol use, alcohol-related problems, and depression among college students. Although prior studies of drinking motives have mostly consisted of variable-centered analyses, the current study used a person-centered approach where individuals were grouped into categories based on shared characteristics using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). We investigated the utility of drinking motive profiles to determine how different profiles were associated with alcoho

Prevalence and long-term change in alcohol consumption: results from a population-based cohort in Southern India.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption in India is below the global average, with limited data on long-term effects. The current study aims to examine changes over time among alcohol consumers, the pattern of drinking and help-seeking for alcohol problems among South Indian men. METHOD: Data on the intake of various alcohol types were collected through standard questionnaires in two adult follow-ups [Baseline: 1998-2002, Follow-up: 2016-2019] from male participants in the Vellore birth cohort (VBC). Alcohol intake was converted to weekly standard drink units for analysis. Data on drinking patterns u

Deletion of Tlr3 reduces acute tolerance to alcohol and alcohol consumption in the intermittent access procedure in male mice.

Pharmacological studies implicate toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signaling in alcohol drinking. We examined the role of TLR3 in behavioral responses to alcohol and GABAergic drugs by studying Tlr3 -/- mice. Because of opposing signaling between TLR3 and MyD88 pathways, we also evaluated Myd88 -/- mice. Ethanol consumption and preference decreased in male but not in female Tlr3 -/- mice during two-bottle choice every-other-day (2BC-EOD) drinking. There were no genotype differences in either sex during continuous or limited-access drinking. Null mutations in Tlr3 or Myd88 did not alter conditioned …