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Utilization Trends of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Croatian Clinical Practice: Observational Analysis.

Background and Objectives: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as key agents in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with expanding indications in heart failure and chronic kidney disease. This study assessed national trends in SGLT2 inhibitor utilization in Croatia between 2014 and 2024 using data from IQVIA. Materials and Methods: Drug use was quantified in defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DDD/1000/day), alongside financial expenditure and prescribing patterns. Results: Since their market introduction in 2014, SGLT2 inhibitor utiliza…

First Report of Porcine Bocavirus and Porcine Cytomegalovirus in Croatian ASF-Negative Wild Boar Populations.

Wild boar populations are increasingly recognized as important hosts in the ecology of swine viruses, yet data from Croatia remain limited. This study aimed to establish baseline information on the presence of porcine bocavirus (PBoV) and porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) in Croatian wild boar within the framework of the national African swine fever (ASF) surveillance program. Spleen and blood samples from 184 ASF-negative wild boar collected across 11 counties were tested using real-time PCR. PCMV DNA was detected in 16 animals (8.69%), with similar detection frequencies in spleen (7.69%) and bl…

Real-World Insights into Avatrombopag's Effectiveness and Safety in Adults with Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Retrospective Analysis from Central and Eastern Europe.

INTRODUCTION: Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune condition marked by low platelet counts, leading to symptoms such as bleeding. Avatrombopag (AVA), a second-generation thrombopoietin receptor agonist, has shown efficacy in clinical trials but lacks extensive real-world data, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of AVA in routine clinical practice for ITP patients across CEE countries. METHODS: A multicenter, noninterventional, retrospective analysis was conducted in Slovenia, Croatia, and the Czech Repub…

Enhancing mental health and well-being in adults from lower-resource settings: A mixed-method evaluation of the impact of problem management plus.

Mental health conditions, recognised as a global crisis, were further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Access to mental health services remains limited, particularly in low-income regions. Task-sharing interventions, exemplified by Problem Management Plus (PM+), have emerged as potential solutions to bridge this treatment gap. This study presents an evaluation of the PM+ scale-up in Sub-Saharan Africa (Ethiopia and Benin) and Eastern Europe (Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina) as part of a mental health and psychosocial support programming including 87 adult participants. A mixed-method a…

Effects of epidurally administered dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone on postoperative pain, analgesic requirements, inflammation, and oxidative stress in thoracic surgery.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone as adjuvants to preoperative epidural administration of local anesthetic (ropivacaine) in thoracic surgery on the postoperative level of pain, use of analgesics, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The study enrolled 42 patients who underwent elective thoracic surgery in a one-year period at the University Hospital Dubrava (Zagreb, Croatia). Based on a computer-generated randomization list the patients were assigned to the dexmedetomidine (n = 18) or dexamethasone (n = 24) group. Postoperatively, patients of …

Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Concomitant and Tailored Therapy for Eradication of Helicobacter pylori Infection.

As high clarithromycin resistance (>20%) in the Split-Dalmatia region of Croatia hinders the treatment of H. pylori infection, the primary objective of this study was to compare concomitant quadruple with the tailored, personalized therapy as first-line eradication treatment of H. pylori. In an open-label, randomized clinical trial, 80 patients with H. pylori infection were randomly assigned to either concomitant (esomeprazole 40 mg, amoxicillin 1 gr, metronidazole 500 mg, clarithromycin 500 mg, twice daily for 14 days) or tailored therapy in accordance with the results of the antimicrobial su…

Unnecessary prescribing of antibiotics to healthy/asymptomatic school-age carriers of potentially pathogenic bacteria.

OBJECTIVES: To re-draw attention to the unnecessary prescribing of antibiotics. METHODS: We monitored nasopharyngeal colonization by 3 pote … re treated at the Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic, Sisters of Mercy University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia. RESULTS: Four hundred and sixty-three  nasopharyngeal swabs were collected. Each child had at least one positive swab result. Bacterial colonization with Streptococcus pyogenes had the highest colonization rate. During the study, 83% of the childr …

Skin reactions to latex in dental professionals - first Croatian data.

Purpose. To determine the prevalence of undesirable skin reactions to latex in dental professionals and students of the School of Dental Medicine in Zagreb, Croatia. Methods. Our research included 444 participants, of which 200 agreed to undergo a skin prick test (SPT). All participants answered a questionnaire in which we asked about incidence of skin lesions, duration of occupational exposure to latex, localization of skin lesions and symptoms. Statistical analysis of the questionnaire and test results was then carried out. Results. Of the total 444 participants surveyed, 249 (56.1%) reporte…

Glycosylation pattern and axin expression in normal and IUGR placentae.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the protein glycosylation pattern and AXIN1 protein expression in human placentae of normal pregnancies and compare them with placentae of pregnancies complicated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). METHODS: A total of 38 placentae (17 placentae of IUGR fetuses from singleton pregnancies and gestational age-matched 21 control placentae from normal singleton pregnancies) were collected from the Clinical Hospital Sveti Duh, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zagreb, Croatia. Gestational age was determined according to the last m…

Prevalence of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (2010-2013): the first Croatian report.

Pneumocystis jirovecii is an important cause of interstitial pneumonia particularly among immunocompromised hosts. We analysed the prevalence of P. jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients presented with interstitial pneumonia or acute respiratory syndrome hospitalized in six Croatian tertiary care hospitals. Over four-year period (2010-2013), a total of 328 lower respiratory tract samples: 253 (77.1%) bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, 43 (13.1%) tracheal aspirates and 32 (9.8%) bronchial aspirates from 290 patients were examined by real-time polymerase chain reacti…

[Ileus caused by metastasis of cutaneous malignant melanoma: case report].

In this case report we describe rare metastatic appearance of cutaneous malignant melanoma ( MM) in small intestine followed by clinical appearance of acute surgical abdomen. A 42-year old women operated in our hospital in April 2009. due to unusual naevus on her right arm. Pathologicaly it was MM grossly 1.5 cm, microscopically Breslow 11 mm, Clark's level IV (T4), number of mitosis 1.4 per mm2, without ulcerations. She was sent to continue treatment at the National Referal Center for Melanoma in KB "S. milosrdnice" Zagreb, Croatia. A month later wider excision (3 cm free margin) and sentinel…

Spatial distribution of Trichinella britovi, T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis of domestic pigs and wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Hungary.

Trichinellosis is a foodborne disease caused by the consumption of raw meat and raw meat-derived products from swine, horse and some game an … pigs and wild boars infected with T. spiralis were detected only in the southern counties bordering Croatia and Romania. In the north-western and central counties, the prevalence of Trichinella infection seems to be negligible.

Evaluation of the WHO clinical decision rule for streptococcal pharyngitis.

AIMS: To prospectively assess the WHO clinical decision rule (CDR) for group A beta haemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis in three countries. METHODS: A prospective, observational cohort study in urban outpatient clinics in Rio de Janeiro, Cairo, and Zagreb. There were 2225 children aged 2-12 years with cough, rhinorrhoea, red or sore throat; 1810 of these with sore throat were included in the analysis. RESULTS: The proportion of children presenting with sore throat and found to have GABHS pharyngitis ranged from 24.6% (Brazil) to 42.0% (Croatia). WHO CDR sensitivity was low for all s…

War abdominal trauma: usefulness of Penetrating Abdominal Trauma Index, Injury Severity Score, and number of injured abdominal organs as predictive factors.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze predictive factors for developing complications or lethal outcome in war abdominal trauma. DESIGN: Retrospective study. METHODS: We analyzed 93 cases of war penetrating abdominal trauma treated at the General Hospital Karlovac, Croatia. The following potential predictor variables were analyzed: age, sex, type of wound, Penetrating Abdominal Trauma Index (PATI), Injury Severity Score (ISS), and number of injured abdominal organs (NIAO). RESULTS: A total of 10.8% of wounded patients died and 25.8% developed complications. The overall average number of injured intra-abdom…

Лабораторный анализ молекулярных биомаркеров в центрах с множественным склерозом в странах Центральной и Восточной Европы, охватывающих 107 млн.

Мультицентральное молекулярное биомаркерное обследование было проведено в центрах множественного склероза (MS) в странах Центральной и Восточной Европы с населением 107 млн. человек. Наша цель заключалась в том, чтобы предоставить "скачок" для будущих исследований по изучению использования молекулярных биомаркеров в MS. В семи странах Центральной и Восточной Европы (Хорватия, Чешская Республика, Польша, Румыния, Сербия, Словакия и Словения) и в четырех справочных центрах (два в Австрии, один в Германии и один в Дании) по электронной почте был распространен вопросник о самоотчете, в котором осн

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
A multicenter molecular biomarker survey was conducted in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) centers across Central-Eastern European countries, encompa … questionnaire was distributed via email to MS centers in seven Central-Eastern European countries (Croatia, Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Slovenia) and to four reference centers (two in Austria, one in Germany, and one in Denmark), focusing on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and molecular biomarkers in MS. Responding centers r …

Domestic Parasitic Infections in Patients with Asthma and Eosinophilia in Germany - Three Cases with Learnings in the Era of Anti- IL5 Treatments.

Eosinophilic inflammation is a hallmark of asthma, and blood eosinophilia has been established as a biomarker for phenotyping asthma and pre … f parasitic infections in the setting of planned or ongoing anti-IL5 treatment. One, a patient from Croatia with moderate asthma but severe blood eosinophilia had an underlying Strongyloides stercoralis infection, with positive stool cultures. Second, a patient with severe allergic asthma and gastrointestinal symptoms had a positive S. stercoralis titer i …

Distribution of Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1 Variants in Patients with Infectious Mononucleosis and Association with Selected Biochemical and Hematological Parameters.

The molecular diversity of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is exceptionally complex and based on the characterization of sequences coding for sever … a narrow repertoire of LMP1 variants and an exclusive presence of EBV type 1 in a cohort of IM from Croatia, suggesting a characteristic local molecular pattern of this virus. The clinical importance of distinct immunobiological features of IM patients with LMP1 variant co-infections needs to be investigated further.

High levels of depression and anxiety among Croatian medical and nursing students and the correlation between subjective happiness and personality traits.

High levels of stress, anxiety, and depression are commonly reported among medical students. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms among medical and nursing students at the University of Osijek, Croatia and their relation to subjective happiness and personality traits. This cross-sectional study included a total of 562 students. To assess the levels of depression and anxiety, the PHQ-9 (The Patient Health Questionnaire), GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder), SHS (Subjective Happiness Scale), and IPIP Big-5 questionnaires were used. A very high pre…

Use of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Central-Eastern European Countries: an Overview.

Though a number of reports on the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been published from the Central-Eastern European region over the past two decades, a systematic review of this literature has not been published. Thus the aim of this paper was to review recent trends in ECT practice in Central-Eastern Europe. Systematic literature search was undertaken using the Medline, PSYCHINFO and EMBASE databases covering the period between January 2000 and December 2013. Relevant publications were found from the following countries: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, L…

Vascular endothelial growth factor and intratumoral microvessel density as prognostic factors in endometrial cancer.

The aim of this research was to determine the VEGF A expression in tumor cells and the intratumoral microvessel density and their prognostic significance in the survival of the subjects. 87 subjects were monitored retrospectively for a period of 60 to 132 months. The subjects were treated at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Osijek University Hospital Center, Croatia. We analysed standard clinical, pathohistological and therapeutical prognostic factors, intratumoral microvessel density and expression of VEGF A. Five-year survival was calculated by the life chart method and present…