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Jugular Bulb Anatomy for Lateral Skull Base Approaches.

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to define the detailed anatomical relations of the jugular bulb with the facial nerve, sigmoid sinus, otic capsule, and internal acoustic canal allowing the safe management of the jugular bulb. METHODS: Thirty-five formalin-perfused cadaveric temporal bones that had well mastoid and petrous pneumatization without any neurovascular variations on computed tomography scan were selected for the study. The bones were dissected via translabyrinthine approach. RESULTS: The dome of the jugular bulb was located under the facial nerve in 21 of the cases (60%), in th…

Tuning of the ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential to bone-conducted sound stimulation.

Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs) are a recently described clinical measure of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Studies demonstrating differences in frequency tuning between air-conducted and bone-conducted (BC) oVEMPs suggest a separate vestibular (otolith) origin for each stimulus modality. In this study, 10 healthy subjects were stimulated with BC stimuli using a hand-held minishaker. Frequencies were tested in the range of 50-1,000 Hz using both a constant-force and constant-acceleration method. Subjects were stimulated at the mastoid process and the forehead. For constant-…

Когда уши болеют больше: отомастоидитные двусторонние краниальные Neurophies в иммунокомпрометированном пациенте.

Отомастоидит — это инфекция и воспаление как отитной среды (мидлушное ухо), так и мастоидной воздушной клетки. Если инфекция проходит мимо среднего уха, чтобы повлиять на прилежащие структуры, то могут быть задействованы мастоидные воздушные элементы. Фунгальный мастоидит очень редкий и почти исключительно наблюдается у иммунокомпромиссированных пациентов. Мы представляем необычный случай типа 2 диабетик с грибковым отомастоидитом, проявляющимся как боль в левом ухе, а также нейропатия левого черепного нерва VII и правого черепного нерва III. Хотя паралич лицевого нерва часто объясняется идиоп

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Otomastoiditis is the infection and inflammation of both the otitis media (middle ear) and the mastoid air cells. Involvement of the mastoid air cells can occur if the infection extends past the middle ear to affect contiguous structures. Fungal mastoiditis is very rare and almost exclusively seen in immunocompromised patients. We present an unusual case of …

[Application of the collagen in mastoidectomy].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the collage application in mastoidectomy. METHOD: Forty-one patients (41 ears) with chronic suppurative otitis media (cholesteatoma type) were surgically treated by mastoidectomy, in which 22 cases (22 ears) used collagen and dissociative flap to deal with mastoid cavity but 19 cases (19 ears) without collagen. All patients were followed up for one year to observe the situation after mastoidectomy comparatively. RESULT: The epithelization time of mastoid cavity was 3 to 7 weeks, averaging (4.5 +/- 0.7) weeks in the collagen-applying group and was 5 to 12 …

Air- and Bone-Conducted Sources of Feedback With an Active Middle Ear Implant.

OBJECTIVES: Active middle ear implants (AMEI) have been used to treat hearing loss in patients for whom conventional hearing aids are unsuccessful for varied biologic or personal reasons. Several studies have discussed feedback as a potential complication of AMEI usage, though the feedback pathway is not well understood. While reverse propagation of an acoustic signal through the ossicular chain and tympanic membrane constitutes an air-conducted source of feedback, the implanted nature of the device microphone near the mastoid cortex suggests that bone conduction pathways may potentially be an…

Assessing the Prognostic Value of the ChOLE Classification in Predicting the Severity of Acquired Cholesteatoma.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prognostic value of the ChOLE classification in predicting the severity of acquired cholesteatoma. METHOD: A retro … a rate, nor the occurrence of AE. Cholesteatoma extension to the sinus tympani or widespread in the mastoid, as well as absence of the stapes superstructure were predictive of residual disease. Sclerotic mastoids had a lower risk of residual disease than mastoids with good or poor pneumatization and ventilation. Poorly ventilated and poorly pneumatized ma …

Postmastoidectomy Hyperacusis Syndrome: Clinical Features and Treatment.

OBJECTIVE: We report a novel postmastoidectomy hyperacusis syndrome (PMHS) in patients who have had cortical mastoidectomies and experience hyperacusis to stimuli involving touch of the pinna and periauricular area. This report aims to describe the clinical characteristics of patients predisposed to this disabling complication after mastoid surgery and describes surgical treatment with mastoid cortex resurfacing with hydroxyapatite bone cement. PATIENTS: Three patients who have undergone intact canal wall mastoidectomies for nonchronic middle ear-related pathologies all reported a similar con…

Anatomical vibrations that implantable microphones must overcome.

HYPOTHESIS: The goal of this study was to measure the tissue vibration amplitude that would be associated with an implantable microphone. B … to implanted transducers are 20 to 25 dB greater on the cranium than in soft tissue inferior to the mastoid. Chewing vibrations are 10 to 15 dB greater than vocalization on the mastoid. Mastoid vibration levels measured in patients are equivalent to those in cadavers. Vibration levels do not vary significantly with respect to location on the cranium next …

Mechanisms of vibration-induced nystagmus in normal subjects and patients with vestibular neuritis.

It has been reported that vibration applied either on the mastoid or on the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles induces nystagmus in normal subjects or patients after unilateral vestibular neuritis (VN). The aims of the study were to characterize vibration-induced nystagmus (VIN) in normal and patient groups and to propose the mechanism of VIN. We recorded eye movements during unilateral 100-Hz vibration on the mastoid bone and SCM muscles in 22 normal subjects and 19 patients with unilateral VN. In normal subjects, the direction of slow-phase velocity (SPV) tended to be toward the vibrated side…

Intracranial complications of otitis media: In retrospect.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluating intracranial complications of otitis media. DESIGN: An Evaluative study of 106 cases of intracranial complications secondary to otitis media. INTERVENTION: Diagnosis is based on history, clinical exam (general, systemic and ENT), investigations hemogram, X-ray mastoid CT scan brain and mastoid. TREATMENT: Medical management:IV Higher Antibiotics.Surgery for complicating pathology:Pus (in Abscesses)-bram canula aspiration.Lateral sinus thrombosis (thrombus removal),Otitic hydrocephalus (epidural catheterization).Primary disease eradication:Exploration of mastoid. RESUL…

The temporal bone in patients with Meniere's disease.

Sixty-three patients with Meniere's disease were compared with a group of healthy individuals with respect to findings at tomography and plain radiography. The temporal bone in patients differed in many respects from that in the healthy controls. Characteristic features in patients were a lack of periaqueductal pneumatization, a lack of pneumatization medial to the arcuate eminence, a short vestibular aqueduct, a narrow external aperture of the vestibular aqueduct, and a reduction in size of the mastoid air cell system. The mean mastoid area in the diseased ear in patients was 7.93 cm2 and in …

Recurrent Cholesteatoma with Skull Base Erosion: A Case Report.

Cholesteatomas are non-malignant, expandable diseases that, if left untreated, can destroy the middle ear, temporal bone, and other structures. Their recurrence can cause disastrous effects, for example, skull base destruction, acute mastoiditis, and brain abscess, etc. Therefore, they need early diagnosis, and it might necessitate surgical intervention according to the complications. We present the case of a 30-year-old male patient who came to the emergency department with a picture of acute right-sided mastoiditis. The patient complained of a one-day history of right ear pain, ear swelling,…

[A toddler with complicated otorrhea].

A 4-year-old boy was diagnosed with intracranial abscess following adequately treated otorrhea and mastoiditis. This is an uncommon finding. He underwent mastoidectomy with drainage of the abscess. In cases where patients clinically deteriorate during treatment for otorrhea and mastoiditis, further examination using CT-scan is recommended.

Bezold Abscess in a Case of Eosinophilic Otitis Media.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 57-year-old man with a history of bronchial asthma and eosinophilic sinusitis presented to the emergency department with an exacerbation of otitis media. His primary complaints were otopyorrhea, headache, and neck pain with redness. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a posterior neck abscess contiguous with the mastoid process. The patient underwent mastoidectomy and received antimicrobial therapy. Eosinophilic granulation tissue in the middle ear obstructed the middle ear aditus and directed the inflammatory process toward the mastoid tip. DISCUSSION: Bezold …

[Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Report of four cases].

Langerhans cell histiocytosis implies the proliferation and accumulation of anomalous, cytologically benign tissue macrophages in a given site. In the Hospital General y Universitario of Alicante, Spain, from 1975 to 1996 four patients presented with granulomatosis and otorhinolaryngological signs and symptoms: a 7-year-old girl with a right mastoid eosinophil granuloma, a 2-month-old boy with Letterer-Siwe syndrome whose illness started as acute mastoiditis, a 23-month-old boy who developed eosinophil granulomas of both mastoids and one ischium, and an 8-month-old girl with a right zygomatico…

Nonseptic lateral sinus thrombosis: the role of the otolaryngologist.

Nonseptic lateral sinus thrombosis differs from septic lateral sinus thrombosis in that it is not associated with ear or sinus infection. Mastoid changes are frequently detected on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in cases of nonseptic lateral sinus thrombosis. An otolaryngologic evaluation is usually required to exclude coexisting mastoiditis.

The impact of the Italian guidelines on antibiotic prescription practices for acute otitis media in a paediatric emergency setting.

BACKGROUND: Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common childhood infectious diseases. The recent Italian Pediatric Guidelines for the treatment of AOM constitutes a step forward in the management of children with uncomplicated AOM. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibiotic prescription patterns for AOM in a Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) after those guidelines were introduced and to assess the relationship between implementation of the "watchful waiting" strategy and the incidence of acute mastoiditis in the PED. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted between 1st…

Utility of Temporal Bone Computed Tomography in Pediatric Emergency Medicine.

OBJECTIVE: Temporal bone computed tomography (CT) requires a relatively high radiation dose to produce high-resolution images required to de … fication of Diseases (9th or 10th revision) diagnoses consistent with otitis externa, otitis media, mastoiditis, head trauma, temporal bone fracture, and otalgia who were treated in the emergency department and underwent temporal bone CT from January 1, 2012-December 31, 2016. We collected data regarding the patients' presenting symptoms, physical exam fi …

Intracranial complications following mastoidectomy.

Mastoidectomy is a common surgical procedure in otology. However, postoperative complications of various degrees of severity may occur. We present 4 children who underwent mastoidectomy for middle ear and mastoid disease and developed postoperative intracranial complications. One child was operated on for brain abscess 1 week after the initial mastoidectomy. Another child appeared with seizures 5 days after the initial mastoidectomy and a subdural empyema was drained during revision surgery. Large bone defects with exposed middle cranial fossa dura were found at revision surgery in both cases …

[Diagnostic criteria for surgical correction of exudative otitis media in children].

A total of 118 children with exudative otitis media were available for observation in this study. Pneumatization of the mastoid process was evaluated by the roentgenoplanimetric technique. A large fraction of patients (48%) with acute exudatived otitis media showed pneumatic type of pneumatization whereas sclerotic pneumatization predominated in children with chronic exudative otitis media (68%). Retractions significantly more frequently developed in ears with the sclerotic type of pneumatization of the mastoid process (91%) than in case of pneumatic pneumatization. Based on these data, the ch…