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Age-associated B cells, key players in autoimmune pathogenesis.

Age-associated B cells (ABC) are a unique subset of antigen-experienced B cells that were first identified in old female mice. ABC have both … development of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis by producing inflammatory cytokines and autoantibodies, antigen-presenting to T cell, and developing a specific humoral response and memory. Discovering the exact function of ABCs and their related regulatory factors can be effective in introducing …

Multiple sclerosis, fertility, pregnancy, and assisted reproductive technology: Current knowledge.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that predominantly affects young women of childbearing age. While pregnancy was once discouraged for women with MS, recent studies have overturned many of the old assumptions about its risks. Current data indicate that MS has no adverse effect on fertility or pregnancy outcomes, and that pregnancy often leads to a decrease in disease activity in the third trimester. However, the reproductive life of these women will require careful and specialized management, particularly concerning the use of disease-modif…

Экспозитивный, окислительный стресс и воспаление у лиц с множественным склерозом: протокол исследования Exposition.

Разоблачение представляет собой совокупность внешних и внутренних экспозиций отдельных лиц на протяжении всей жизни и играет важнейшую роль в развитии многих хронических заболеваний, включая множественный склероз (MS). МЗ представляет собой многофакторную болезнь, на которую влияют как генетические, так и экологические факторы. Исследование " Экспозиция " (зарегистрировано на сайте www.clinicalbears.gov, NCT06325358) направлено на изучение связи между воздействием на окружающую среду (внешняя экспрессия) и биологическими маркерами окислительного стресса и воспаления (внутренняя экспр

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The exposome represents the totality of external and internal exposures an individual encounters throughout life and plays a critical role in developing many chronic diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a multifactorial disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The EXPOSITION study (registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT0…

Обзор различий по признаку пола в нейродегенерации и психологической совместимости при множественном склерозе и связанных с ним расстройствах.

Множественный склероз (MS) и спектральное расстройство нейромиелита (NMOSD) представляют собой хронические нейроинфламматические заболевания, которые в непропорционально большой степени затрагивают женщин, соотношение 2:1 в MS и до 8,9:1 в NMOSD. Когнитивное расстройство является одним из самых ранних и наиболее изнурительных симптомов MS, в то время как расстройства настроения являются распространенными и оказывают значительное воздействие на качество жизни и прогнозы в отношении заболеваний. Понимание различий по признаку пола в прогрессировании заболеваний, особенно потенциальных различий в

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are chronic neuroinflammatory conditions that disproportionately affect women, with a 2:1 ratio in MS and up to 8.9:1 in NMOSD. Cognitive impairment is one of the earliest and most debilitating symptoms of MS, while mood disorders are common and significantly impact the qu…

Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome with MCC950 Alleviates Neurological Impairment in the Brain of EAE Mice.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that is characterized by demyelination and neuronal damage. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice are used to model the disease progression of MS and mirror MS-like pathology. Previous researches have confirmed that inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome significantly alleviated the severity of EAE mice and the demyelination of spinal cord, but its effect on neuronal damage and oligodendrocyte loss in the brain remains unclear. In this study, female C57BL/6 mice were immunized with MOG35-55 and PTX to establish experimental autoimmune encep…

Stem cells therapy: the future in the management of systemic sclerosis? A case report.

OBJECTIVE: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disorder of unknown etiology, with heterogeneous clinical manifestations and chronic and often progressive course. The diffuse cutaneous form of SSc (dcSSc) is characterized by thickening of the skin (scleroderma) and distinctive involvement of multiple internal organs. Patients with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) generally have long-standing Raynaud's phenomenon before other manifestations of SSc appear. Over the last decade the Interest of adipose-derived cell therapy in regenerative medicine has increased continuously. In compare to

Intravenous immunoglobulins as therapeutic option in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Treatment of neurological disorders with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is an increasing feature of practice for an expanding range of indications. This article reviews the current literature regarding the role of IVIG treatment in multiple sclerosis (MS) and summarizes recommendations for the use of IVIG in different courses and clinical subsets of the disease. Principally based on the results of four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) and a corresponding meta-analysis, the amount of evidence for the efficacy of IVIG treatment is currently most convincing for the re…

Siponimod exerts neuroprotective effects on the retina and higher visual pathway through neuronal S1PR1 in experimental glaucoma.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) signaling regulates diverse pathophysiological processes in the central nervous system. The role of S1PR signaling in neurodegenerative conditions is still largely unidentified. Siponimod is a specific modulator of S1P1 and S1P5 receptors, an immunosuppressant drug for managing secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. We investigated its neuroprotective properties in vivo on the retina and the brain in an optic nerve injury model induced by a chronic increase in intraocular pressure or acute N-methyl-D-aspartate excitotoxicity. Neuronal-specific deletio…

[Diagnosis of spinal diseases by cerebrospinal fluid examination].

In this work, changes in the cerebrospinal fluid in acute and chronic polyneuritis as well as in the Guillan-Barré-Strohl syndrome are discu … litic cerebrospinal-fluid syndromes can easily be differentiated by their immunoactive findings. In multiple sclerosis, we distinguish between typical and atypical changes in the cerebrospinal fluid. Above all, the oligoclonal bands, i. e. the discontinuous proceeding of the gamma-globulin zone and the existence of several bands in the agar gel electrophoresis, play …

Microbial modulation of CNS remyelination in multiple sclerosis: the missing link in gut-brain axis research.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) marked by demyelination and neurodegeneration. While much attention has focused on immune dysregulation and neuroinflammation, the failure of effective remyelination is a key driver of disease progression, especially in progressive MS. Recently, the gut microbiome has emerged as a potent modulator of systemic immunity and CNS function, influencing processes such as neuroinflammation and neurogenesis. This review examines current evidence on microbiota-derived metabolites, including short-chain fa…

Evaluating the impact of two exergaming systems combined with conventional physical therapy on the quality of life of people with multiple sclerosis: A multicenter, assessor-blinded, 24-week, pilot randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune condition that significantly impacts quality of life (QoL). Combining conventional physical therapy (CPT) with exergaming (EXG) represents a potential approach to improve QoL in people with MS (pwMS). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of two EXG systems, Nintendo Ring Fit Adventure© (NRFA) and Nintendo Wii Fit© (NWF), in addition to CPT on QoL in pwMS and identify associated predictors of QoL. METHODS: Thirty-six pwMS were assigned either to a control group (CPT alone, n = 13) or randomly allocated to experimental groups (EGs): EG1…

Neurotropic Murine β-Coronavirus Infection Causes Differential Expression of Connexin 47 in Oligodendrocyte Subpopulations Associated with Demyelination.

Gap junctions (GJs) play a crucial role in the survival of oligodendrocytes and myelination of the central nervous system (CNS). In this stu … yelitis followed by a chronic demyelinating disease that shares similarities with the human disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Our results reveal that Cx47 GJs are persistently lost in mature oligodendrocytes, not only in demyelinating lesions but also in surrounding normal appearing white and gray matter areas, following an initial loss of astroglial Cx43 GJs during …

Natalizumab in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment: From Biological Effects to Immune Monitoring.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with an autoimmune component. Among the recent disease-modifying treatments available, Natalizumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against the alpha chain of the VLA-4 integrin (CD49d), is a potent inhibitor of cell migration toward the tissues including CNS. It potently reduces relapses and active brain lesions in the relapsing remitting form of the disease. However, it has also been associated with a severe infectious complication, the progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis (PML). Using the standard p…

Plasma cells in the central nervous system in the Theiler's virus model of multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin production within the central nervous system (CNS) is a prominent feature of multiple sclerosis and its animal model induced by infection with Theiler's meningoencephalitis virus, as well as of other inflammatory and infectious neurological diseases. However, relatively little is known about the plasma cells (PCs) responsible for producing Ig within the CNS. METHODOLOGY: We induced Theiler's-induced demyelinating disease, characterized by disability, inflammation, and demyelination. We used immunofluorescence to localize and characterize IgG-producing cells, and cor…

[Treatment of nausea and vomiting with prokinetics and neuroleptics in palliative care patients : a review].

BACKGROUND: Many recommendations concerning the treatment of nausea and vomiting in palliative care patients exist but what is the evidence … uctive pulmonary disease (COPD), progressive heart failure, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS) have been underrepresented in studies on nausea and vomiting so far. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review was to determine the level of evidence for the treatment of nausea and vomiting with prokinetics and neuroleptics in palliative care patien …

[Clinical and epidemiological study of multiple sclerosis in Volgograd city].

Descriptive and analytical study of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been first-ever carried out in population of Volgograd city, South region of Russian Federation. At the period of the study (1996-2000) the population was estimated as 814 100 adult persons. An average age-adjusted level of MS prevalence was 31.9 per 100,000, MS incidence--9.8, mortality 1,8. Thus, the city is at a moderate risk for MS, however the incidence of the disease appeared to be rather high that indicates a further increase of MS patients number in this population. The highest level of MS prevalence was registered in two …

A case of multiple sclerosis presenting with inflammatory cortical demyelination.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient presenting with a clinically silent, incidentally found, and pathologically confirmed active demyelinating solitary cortical lesion showing MRI gadolinium contrast enhancement, in whom biopsy was performed before the radiographic appearance of disseminated white matter lesions. METHODS: Neurologic examination, MRI, CSF and serologic analyses, and brain biopsy were performed. Sections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsied brain tissue were stained with histologic and immunohistochemical stains. RESULTS: Biopsy revealed an inflammatory subpial lesion con

Persistent interferon-ß-1b-induced psychosis in a patient with multiple sclerosis.

Interferon-ß is used in patients with multiple sclerosis to reduce autoimmunity; although other psychiatric side-effects are common, in contrast to interferon-alpha, psychosis has been reported only once. A patient with multiple sclerosis developed auditory hallucinations, paranoid delusions, and increased aggressiveness after 16 months of treatment with interferon-ß-1b, 250 mg every other day. He responded after about one month to antipsychotic treatment, but tended to relapse upon dose reduction, and after 2 years still needs antipsychotics to control his symptoms. Because there was no chang…

Using machine learning algorithms to detect fear of falling in people with multiple sclerosis in standardized gait analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. The progressive impairment of gait is one of the most important pathognomic symptoms which are associated with falls and fear of falling (FOF) in people with MS (pwMS). 60 % of pwMS show a FOF, which leads to restrictions in mobility as well as physical activity and reduces the quality of life in general. Therefore, early detection of FOF is crucial because it enables early implementation of rehabilitation strategies as well as clinical decision-making to reduce progression. Qua…

MIF Tautomerase Inhibition Protects Neurons From Immune-Mediated Cell Death.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by peripheral immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) and associated reactive gliosis, demyelination, and neuroaxonal degeneration. Existing therapies broadly target adaptive immune cells and treat acute inflammation but are not effective in halting chronic neurodegeneration that occurs in progressive MS. High-efficacy precision therapies that target pathways in the CNS known to contribute to MS pathophysiology are lacking. Several MS studies have identified prominent dysregulation of macrophage migratio…