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Therapeutic potential of castor oil in managing blepharitis, meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye.

The multifactorial pathogenesis and interrelationship of blepharitis, meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye disease poses challenges to any therapeutic approach. Current treatments are mostly palliative, with success limited by perceived inefficacy and poor patient compliance. Castor oil, a natural derivative of the Ricinus communis plant, is widely used as an emollient in cosmetics and personal care products, drug delivery systems and wound dressings. Castor oil is deemed safe and tolerable, with strong anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, analgesic, antioxidant, wound heali…

Bovine Babesiosis Diagnosed in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissues by Using In Situ Hybridization.

Bovine babesiosis, caused by Babesia divergens, is in general a rare disease in Europe. Nonetheless, local outbreaks can cause severe econom … tide sequence for B. divergens, obtained by PCR and sequencing of DNA isolates from infected Ixodes ricinus ticks from deceased cattle. ISH using these probes allowed postmortem diagnosis of B. divergens infection in routinely fixed FFPE tissues.

Identification and functional analysis of ferritin 2 from the Taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus Schulze.

Ferritin 2 (FER2) is an iron storage protein, which has been shown to be critical for iron homeostasis during blood feeding and reproduction … 2 sequences of I. persulcatus and other ticks showed a greater similarity with I. scapularis and I. ricinus and lesser similarity with Hyalomma anatolicum, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Rhipicephalus microplus, and R. appendiculatus. Moreover, it was observed that the tick FER2 sequences possess conserved regions within the primary structures, and in silico …

A retrospective study of the characterization of Rickettsia species in ticks collected from humans.

Rickettsiae (family Rickettsiaceae, order Rickettsiales) are obligate intracellular bacteria transmitted by arthropod vectors. Several Ricke … aeschlimannii found in Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma lusitanicum, Dermacentor marginatus and Ixodes ricinus, Rickettsia massiliae found in R. turanicus and R. sanguineus s.l., and Rickettsia slovaca found in D. marginatus and R. sanguineus s.l. Our results showed a great variety of zoonotic Rickettsia spp. in ticks collected from humans in Sicily. The Ric …

Co-infections and transmission dynamics in a tick-borne bacterium community exposed to songbirds.

We investigated the transmission dynamics of a community of tick-borne pathogenic bacteria in a common European songbird (Parus major). Tick-naïve birds were infested with three successive batches (spaced 5 days apart) of field-collected Ixodes ricinus nymphs, carrying the following tick-borne bacteria: Rickettsia helvetica (16.9%), Borrelia garinii (1.9%), Borrelia miyamotoi (1.6%), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (1.2%) and Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis (0.4%). Fed ticks were screened for the pathogens after moulting to the next developmental phase. We found evidence for early transmission (w…

Molecular methods routinely used to detect Coxiella burnetii in ticks cross-react with Coxiella-like bacteria.

BACKGROUND: Q fever is a widespread zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. Ticks may act as vectors, and many epidemiological studies aim to assess C. burnetii prevalence in ticks. Because ticks may also be infected with Coxiella-like bacteria, screening tools that differentiate between C. burnetii and Coxiella-like bacteria are essential. METHODS: In this study, we screened tick specimens from 10 species (Ornithodoros rostratus, O. peruvianus, O. capensis, Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus annulatus, R. decoloratus, R. geigy, O. sonrai, O. occidentalis, and Amblyomma cajennense) known to …

Tick-borne viruses.

At least 38 viral species are transmitted by ticks. Virus-tick-vertebrate host relationships are highly specific and less than 10% of all tick species (Argasidae and Ixodidae) are known to play a role as vectors of arboviruses. However, a few tick species transmit several (e.g. Ixodes ricinus, Amblyomma variegatum) or many (I. uriae) tick-borne viruses. Tick-borne viruses are found in six different virus families (Asfarviridae, Reoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Bunyaviridae, Flaviviridae) and at least 9 genera. Some as yet unassigned tick-borne viruses may belong to a seventh family…

Histochemistry of glandular metaplasia at the trigone of the urinary bladder in cows.

The epithelium at the trigone of the urinary bladder showed intestinal metaplasia of a colonic type in three Holstein-Friesian cows affected with chronic polypoid cystitis. Except for Ricinus communis (RCA-I), almost all goblet cells in the whole crypt were positive to periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5, AB pH 1.0, periodate borohydride-potassium hydroxide-PAS (PB-KOH-PAS), Ulex europaeus (UEA-I), Triticum vulgare (WGA) and Arachis hypogaea (PNA) after neuraminidase digestion. This result indicated that most goblet cells contained acidic and neutral glycoconjugates as O-acetyl…

Mapping ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) and informing local public action: Insights from the United Kingdom Tick Surveillance Scheme (2021-2024).

The Tick Surveillance Scheme (TSS) is a citizen science initiative which relies on public and professional submissions to monitor tick species distribution, seasonal exposure, and host associations across the United Kingdom (UK). During the period 2021-2024, 3182 tick records were received and 27 tick species were detected. The data confirm that Ixodes ricinus, the primary vector for Lyme disease and Tick-borne encephalitis, remains the most common tick in the UK. The TSS continues to detect imported tick species, underscoring the risk of novel pathogens entering the country, with new species …

RCA 1-binding glycans as a marker of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans infection intensity at early stages of pathogenesis.

The fungal skin disease chytridiomycosis threatens global amphibian biodiversity. Among the two causative pathogens, Batrachochytrium dendro … correlation extends to the individual level. In our study, the degree of labelling with the lectin, Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA 1), emerged as the distinctive marker of susceptibility in that resistant species showed minimal RCA 1 binding, while susceptible species exhibited higher levels. Results of the infection trial further demonstrated that an …

A survey for piroplasmids in questing Ixodes fuscipes ticks reveals undescribed Babesia lineages in Uruguay.

BACKGROUND: Ixodes fuscipes is a tick species found in the Southern Cone of America and the only member of the Ixodes ricinus complex present in Uruguay. Members of this complex are particularly recognized as vectors of diseases affecting human health, such as babesiosis, caused by parasites of the genus Babesia (Apicomplexa: Piroplasmida). However, even though potential hosts of I. fuscipes in Uruguay (rodents, birds, and artiodactyls) are known carriers of Babesia species, the potential role of I. fuscipes as a vector of piroplasmids has not been studied. METHODS: In this study, questing I.…

[An immunosuppressed woman in her seventies with night sweats and weight loss].

BACKGROUND: Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis is an emerging tick-borne pathogen with widespread distribution in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Europe and Asia. It has been found to cause chronic infections, particularly in immunosuppressed individuals. Common symptoms include relapsing fever, night sweats and thromboembolic episodes, likely due to endovascular infection. CASE PRESENTATION: A patient in her seventies developed persistent night sweats and moderate weight loss that persisted for four months prior to evaluation. There was no history of fever or organ-specific symptoms. Prior diseases …

Two classic OBPs modulate the responses of female Holotrichia oblita to three major ester host plant volatiles.

Insects possess a fairly sophisticated olfactory system in their antennae to detect odorants essential for their survival and reproduction. Among them, insect first perceives odour sources by odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) to locate host-plants. Methyl salicylate, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and dibutyl phthalate are major volatile components of Ulmus pumila and Ricinus communis and elicit strong responses of the scarab beetle Holotrichia oblita adults. However, olfactory perception of the scarab beetle to these odorant compounds is unclear. In the current study, we cloned the OBP6 and OBP7 of H. o…

Model of Risk of Exposure to Lyme Borreliosis and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus-Infected Ticks in the Border Area of the Czech Republic (South Bohemia) and Germany (Lower Bavaria and Upper Palatinate).

In Europe, Lyme borreliosis (LB) and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) are the two vector-borne diseases with the largest impact on human health. Based on data on the density of host-seeking Ixodes ricinus ticks and pathogen prevalence and using a variety of environmental data, we have created an acarological risk model for a region where both diseases are endemic (Czech Republic-South Bohemia and Germany-Lower Bavaria, Upper Palatinate). The data on tick density were acquired by flagging 50 sampling sites three times in a single season. Prevalence of the causative agents of LB and TBE was determi…

Vector-borne diseases and climate change: a European perspective.

Climate change has already impacted the transmission of a wide range of vector-borne diseases in Europe, and it will continue to do so in the coming decades. Climate change has been implicated in the observed shift of ticks to elevated altitudes and latitudes, notably including the Ixodes ricinus tick species that is a vector for Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis. Climate change is also thought to have been a factor in the expansion of other important disease vectors in Europe: Aedes albopictus (the Asian tiger mosquito), which transmits diseases such as Zika, dengue and chikungunya…

Венгерские вирусы энцефалита тика, изолированные от концентрации 0,5 га, тесно связаны с финскими штаммами.

В Венгрии в течение шестилетнего периода (2011 - 2016 годы) четыре штамма вируса энцефалита, переносимого клещами, были изолированы от небольшой концентрации в 0,5 га. Два штамма с идентичными геномами были изолированы от рикодов Ixodes и Haemaphysalis concinna два месяца друг от друга, что свидетельствует о том, что вирус не развивался отдельно в этих клещах. Целый геном секвенирования вируса показал, что изолированность отличается друг от друга в 4 аминокислотах и 9 нуклеотидах. Рассчитанные коэффициенты замещения указывают на то, что скорость эволюции генома варьируется в зависимости от сре

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Four tick-borne encephalitis virus strains were isolated from a small 0.5-ha focus over a six-year-long period (2011-2016) in Hungary. Two strains with identical genomes were isolated from Ixodes ricinus and Haemaphysalis concinna two months apart, which shows that the virus had not evolved separately in these tick species. Whole-genome sequencing of the vir…

Spotted fever group rickettsiae associated with ixodid ticks in wild environment in Southern Italy.

Ixodidae ticks are vectors and reservoirs of several species of rickettsiae, and tick-borne rickettsioses are reported worldwide. This study … AMP) targeting ompB gene. Out of 34 tested tick pools, 2 from Dermacentor marginatus, 1 from Ixodes ricinus, and 1 from Rhipicephalus turanicus resulted positive. Nucleotide sequences of amplicons showed high similarity with sequences from Rickettsia slovaca, Rickettsia raoultii, Rickettsia helvetica, and Rickettsia felis. The overall calculated infection …

Brazilian borreliosis with special emphasis on humans and horses.

Borreliosis caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is a cosmopolitan zoonosis studied worldwide; it is called Lyme disease in many countr … er immune response in humans. Additionally, the Brazilian zoonosis is not transmitted by the Ixodes ricinus complex. With respect to clinical manifestations, Baggio-Yoshinari Syndrome has been reported to cause neurological, cardiac, ophthalmic, muscle, and joint alterations in humans. These symptoms can possibly occur in horses. Here, we present a curren …

Tick-borne encephalitis transmission risk: its dependence on host population dynamics and climate effects.

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a human disease caused by a flavivirus that is spread by ticks (Ixodes ricinus). In 2011 and 2012, the highest TBE incidence ever was recorded in Sweden. It has been proposed that warmer spring temperatures result in higher survival of ticks and thus high incidence of TBE. Here, analyses were done of time series of TBE for 1976-2011 in relation to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), mean summer temperatures, and yearly number of harvested European hare (Lepus europeaus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the County of Stockholm, t…

Chronic lymphomonocytic meningoencephalitis, oligoarthritis and erythema nodosum: report of Baggio-Yoshinari syndrome of long and relapsing evolution.

The Brazilian human borreliosis, also known as Baggio-Yoshinari Syndrome (BYS), is a tickborne disease but whose ticks do not pertain to the Ixodes ricinus complex. It is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato microorganisms and resembles clinical and laboratory features of Lyme disease (LD). BYS is also distinguished from LD by its prolonged clinical evolution, with relapsing episodes and autoimmune dysfunction. We describe the case of a young female who, over one year, progressively presented with oligoarthritis, cognitive impairment, menigoencephalitis and erythema nodosum. Diagnosis was…