Результаты поиска

East Africa International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research: Impact on Malaria Policy in Uganda.

Malaria is the leading cause of disease burden in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2010, the East Africa International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, also known as the Program for Resistance, Immunology, Surveillance, and Modeling of Malaria (PRISM), was established to provide a comprehensive approach to malaria surveillance in Uganda. We instituted cohort studies and a robust malaria and entomological surveillance network at selected public health facilities that have provided a platform for monitoring trends in malaria morbidity and mortality, tracking the impact of malaria control interve…

Rates of refusal of clinical autopsies among HIV-positive decedents and an overview of autopsies in Uganda.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related mortality remains high in sub-Saharan Africa. Clinical autopsies can provide invaluable information to help ascertain the cause of death. We aimed to determine the rate and reasons for autopsy refusal amongst families of HIV-positive decedents in Uganda. Methods: We consented the next-of-kin for post-mortem examinations among Ugandan decedents with HIV from 2017-2020 at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital. For those who refused autopsies, reasons were recorded. Results: In this analysis, 165 decedents with HIV were included from three selec…

"Your heart keeps bleeding": lived experiences of parents with a perinatal death in Northern Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Worldwide, two million babies are stillborn and 1.8 million babies die before completing seven days of life. Approximately 4% of pregnant women in Uganda experience perinatal death. The response following a perinatal death tends to be socio-culturally constructed. Investigating the unique personal experiences of parents from a low-income setting with unique cultural beliefs and practices is crucial for the design and implementation of appropriate interventions. OBJECTIVE: To describe the lived experiences of parents following perinatal death in Lira district, Northern Uganda. MET…

Shared component modelling of early childhood anaemia and malaria in Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Malaria and anaemia contribute substantially to child morbidity and mortality. In this study, we sought to jointly model the residual spatial variation in the likelihood of these two correlated diseases, while controlling for individual-level, household-level and environmental characteristics. METHODS: A child-level shared component model was utilised to partition shared and disease-specific district-level spatial effects. RESULTS: The results indicated that the spatial variation in the likelihood of malaria was more prominent compared to that of anaemia, for both the shared and

A prospective study of clinical outcomes of HIV-associated and HIV-negative Kaposi sarcoma in Uganda.

OBJECTIVE: Improved understanding of the effect of HIV infection on Kaposi sarcoma (KS) presentation and outcomes will guide development of more effective KS staging and therapeutic approaches. We enrolled a prospective cohort of epidemic (HIV-positive; HIV + KS) and endemic (HIV-negative; HIV - KS) KS patients in Uganda to identify factors associated with survival and response. METHODS: Adults with newly diagnosed KS presenting for care at the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI) in Kampala, Uganda, between October 2012 and December 2019 were evaluated. Participants received chemotherapy per standa…

Priorities for health and wellbeing for older people with and without HIV in Uganda: a qualitative methods study.

INTRODUCTION: With improved HIV treatment availability in sub-Saharan Africa, the population of older people with HIV (PWH) is growing. In this qualitative study, we intended to understand (1) the lived experiences of ageing people in rural Uganda, with and without HIV, (2) their fears and health priorities as they grow older. METHODS: We conducted 36 semi-structured interviews with individuals with and without HIV in Mbarara, Uganda from October 2019 to February 2020. Interview guide topics included priorities in older age, physical functioning in daily activities, social functioning, HIV-re…

Prevalence of violence towards men living with HIV/AIDS in rural communities of SouthWestern Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Violence towards HIV positive men is one of the silent barriers to utilization of HIV care services. HIV positive men are potential victims of violence from other people including women, and violence may interfere with treatment outcomes. This study determined the prevalence of violence towards HIV positive men in rural communities of southwestern Uganda. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 307 HIV positive men at selected health centers using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 23 using chi-square and multivariate regress…

An Investigation of Burkholderia pseudomallei Seroprevalence in Market Pigs Slaughtered at Selected Pig Abattoirs in Uganda.

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes melioidosis, a disease of humans and animals. It is primarily transmitted through direct contact with contaminated soil and surface water. The epidemiology of this pathogen in Africa, including Uganda, is largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to estimate the seroprevalence of B. pseudomallei in pigs slaughtered in central Uganda and to identify potential hotspots for this pathogen in the country. A total of 1035 pig sera were analyzed for serological responses to B. pseudomallei with type A and type B LPS using OPS…

Feasibility and Sensitivity of Saliva GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra for Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Adults in Uganda.

The objective of this prospective observational study carried out at China-Uganda Friendship Hospital-Naguru in Kampala, Uganda, was to determine the performance of GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) molecular testing on saliva for active tuberculosis (TB) disease among consecutive adults undergoing TB diagnostic evaluation who were Xpert Ultra positive on sputum. We calculated sensitivity to determine TB diagnostic performance in comparison to a composite reference standard of Mycobacterium tuberculosis liquid and solid cultures on two spot sputum specimens. Xpert Ultra on a single saliva …

Utilization of health belief model in comprehending diarrheal disease dynamics: a case of cryptosporidiosis in Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Diarrheal diseases contribute greatly to the reported global childhood mortality and morbidity with related social, economic consequences. This study was conducted to analyze the utilization of the Health Belief Model (HBM) theory to comprehend diarrheal disease dynamics in Uganda. METHODS: Our study utilized a qualitative cross-sectional design among adult livestock farmers in selected farming communities. A total of 80 individuals were recruited and interviewed through Focus Discussion Groups (FDGs) (n = 6) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) (n = 8) to evaluate diarrheal diseas…

Impact of COVID-19 on routine malaria indicators in Uganda: An interrupted time series analysis.

Background In March 2020, the government of Uganda implemented a strict lockdown policy in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We performed an interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) to assess whether major changes in healthcare seeking behavior, malaria burden, and case management occurred after the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods Individual level data from all outpatient visits occurring from April 2017 through March 2021 at 17 facilities were analyzed. Outcomes included total outpatient visits, malaria cases, non-malarial visits, proportion of visits with suspected malaria, proportio…

Evaluation of an Aspergillus IgG/IgM lateral flow assay for serodiagnosis of fungal asthma in Uganda.

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of fungal allergies in asthma remains problematic in low-and middle-income countries due to non-availability of point-of-care testing. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the performance of an Aspergillus immunochromatographic technology (ICT) IgG/M lateral flow device (LFD) for the serological diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and severe asthma with fungal sensitisation (SAFS) among Ugandan adult asthmatics. METHODS: 374 adult (aged ≥18years) asthmatics in the African Severe Asthma Program study, Ugandan site constituted the study population. A…

High rates of gastroesophageal cancers in patients with dyspepsia undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Uganda.

Background and study aims  Dyspepsia is the most common presenting symptom in the gastrointestinal clinic of Mulago National Referral hospital. The etiology is essentially not fully described in our patient population. This study was therefore conducted to establish the causes of dyspepsia based on endoscopic diagnosis among patients with dyspepsia seeking care at the National Referral hospital of Uganda. Patients and methods  This retrospective study conducted in the endoscopy unit of Mulago hospital reviewed 356 patient endoscopy reports spanning January 2018 to July 2020 with a focus on tho…

The presence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli in smallholder pig farms in Uganda.

BACKGROUND: The development of antimicrobial resistance is of global concern, and is commonly monitored by the analysis of certain bacteria. The aim of the present study was to study the antibiotic susceptibility in isolates of Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia (E.) coli obtained from healthy pigs originating from nineteen herds enrolled in a study on herd health management in Lira district, northern Uganda. Skin and nasal swabs were analyzed for the presence of Staphylococcus spp., and selectively cultivated to investigate the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (S.) aureus (MR…

A comparison of two population-based household surveys in Uganda for assessment of violence against youth.

Violence is associated with health-risk behaviors, potentially contributing to gender-related HIV incidence disparities in sub-Saharan Africa. Previous research has demonstrated that violence, gender, and HIV are linked via complex mechanisms that may be direct, such as through forced sex, or indirect, such as an inability to negotiate safe sex. Accurately estimating violence prevalence and its association with HIV is critical in monitoring programmatic efforts to reduce both violence and HIV. We compared prevalence estimates of violence in youth aged 15-24 years from two Ugandan population-ba…

Incidence of acute rheumatic fever in northern and western Uganda: a prospective, population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Acute rheumatic fever is infrequently diagnosed in sub-Saharan African countries despite the high prevalence of rheumatic heart disease. We aimed to determine the incidence of acute rheumatic fever in northern and western Uganda. METHODS: For our prospective epidemiological study, we established acute rheumatic fever clinics at two regional hospitals in the north (Lira district) and west (Mbarara district) of Uganda and instituted a comprehensive acute rheumatic fever health messaging campaign. Communities and health-care workers were encouraged to refer children aged 3-17 years, …

Brief Report: Modeling the Impact of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision on Cervical Cancer in Uganda.

BACKGROUND: In addition to providing millions of men with lifelong lower risk for HIV infection, voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) also provides female partners with health benefits including decreased risk for human papillomavirus (HPV) and resultant cervical cancer (CC). SETTING: We modeled potential impacts of VMMC on CC incidence and mortality in Uganda as an additional benefit beyond HIV prevention. METHODS: HPV and CC outcomes were modeled using the CC model from the Spectrum policy tool suite, calibrated for Uganda, to estimate HPV infection incidence and progression to CC, u…

The transition to Xpert MTB/RIF ultra: diagnostic accuracy for pulmonary tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) has endorsed the next-generation Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra) cartridge, and Uganda is currently transitioning from the older generation Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) cartridge to Ultra as the initial diagnostic test for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of Ultra for pulmonary TB among adults in Kampala, Uganda. METHODS: We sampled adults referred for Xpert testing at two hospitals and a health center over a 12-month period. We enrolled adults with positive Xpert and a random 1:1 sample with negative Xpert results. Expector…

Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Humans in Uganda, 2013-2019.

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is endemic in Uganda, yet its epidemiology remains largely uncharacterized. To better understand its occurrence within Uganda, case reports of patients hospitalized with CCHF between 2013 and 2019 were reviewed. Further, genome sequences of CCHF-positive RNA obtained during this period were determined for phylogenetic comparisons. We found that a total of 32 cases (75% males; CFR, 31.2%), aged between 9 to 68 years, were reported during the study period. Most cases were detected during July to December of each outbreak year (81.2%; P < 0.01) and were loca…

Оценка программы готовности к заболеваниям вирусом Эболы и готовности к ним в Уганде: 2018-2019 годы.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Демократическая Республика Конго (ДРК) объявила о том, что за 42 года, 1 августа 2018 года, она объявила о своем 10-м прорыве в связи с вирусом Эбола. Быстрый рост и распространение эпидемии ЭВД поставили под угрозу безопасность здравоохранения в соседних странах и глобальную безопасность здравоохранения. Организация Объединенных Наций разработала план обеспечения готовности и готовности к стихийным бедствиям (ОДВ-ПР) для оказания помощи девяти соседним странам в осуществлении их важнейших мер по обеспечению готовности. В Уганде в период с 2018 по 2019 год была внедрена ЭВД-РП. Всеми

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) declared its 10thoutbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in 42 years on August 1st 2018. … ) plan to assist the nine neighboring countries to advance their critical preparedness measures. In Uganda, EVD-PR was implemented between 2018 and 2019. The World Health Organization commissioned an independent evaluation to assess the impact of the investment in EVD-PR in Uganda. Objectives: i) to document the program achievements; ii) to determine if …