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Epigenetic regulation of neutrophil dysfunction in sepsis: mechanisms, biomarkers, and translational challenges.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and remains a major challenge in critical care medicine. Neutrophils are central components of innate immunity, but their functions are markedly altered during sepsis. These alterations include disturbed granulopoiesis, prolonged survival, impaired migration, dysregulated inflammatory responses, imbalanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and excessive formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Epigenetic regulation may help explain how neutrophils acquire distinct f