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Integrating 2D dosimetry and cell survival analysis for predicting local effect in spatially fractionated radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Robust methods for analysis and prediction of local cell survival after spatially fractionated radiotherapy (SFRT) in vitro remain limited. We present a methodology integrating spatial dosimetry with colony formation assessment and modelling to improve prediction of SFRT-induced responses. Patient/material and methods: A549 lung cancer cells were irradiated with 220 kV X-rays in three field patterns: open, striped, and dotted. Colony centroid locations were mapped from scanned images of culture flasks. Dose distributions were measured using radiochromic film dosimetry. …

Activation of the ChvG-ChvI pathway promotes survival during cell wall stress in Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens shifts from a free-living soil bacterium to a plant-invading state upon encountering the plant root microenvironment. The acid-induced two-component sensor system ChvG-ChvI drives this shift and triggers a complex transcriptional program that promotes host invasion and survival against host immune defenses. Remarkably, ChvG-ChvI is also activated under cell wall stress conditions, suggesting that the transcriptional response may have a broader function. Here, we find that blocking cell wall synthesis either genetically or chemically leads to ChvG-ChvI activation. Muta

Association of Obesity and Skeletal Muscle with Postoperative Survival in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background A comprehensive assessment of skeletal muscle health is crucial to understanding the association between improved clinical outcomes and obesity as defined by body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) in lung cancer, but limited studies have been conducted on this topic. Purpose To investigate the association between BMI-defined obesity and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent curative resection, with a specific focus on the status of skeletal muscle assessed at CT. Materials and Methods This retrospecti

Reversible host cell surface remodelling limits immune recognition and maximizes survival of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes.

Reducing malaria transmission has been a major pillar of control programmes and is considered crucial for achieving malaria elimination. Gametocytes, the transmissible forms of the P. falciparum parasite, arise during the blood stage of the parasite and develop through 5 morphologically distinct stages. Immature gametocytes (stage I-IV) sequester and develop in the extravascular niche of the bone marrow and possibly spleen. Only mature stage V gametocytes re-enter peripheral circulation to be taken up by mosquitoes for successful onward transmission. We have recently shown that immature, but n

Membrane-disrupting medium-chain fatty acids reduce Staphylococcus aureus persister cell survival during antibiotic treatment.

OBJECTIVE: Eliminating persister cells is essential to improve treatment of chronic infections and to limit the emergence of resistant strains. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are widely used in cosmetics and antibiotic ointments where Staphylococcus aureus is a common commensal. This study evaluated the potential of MCFAs to eradicate S. aureus persister cells and investigated their mechanisms of action. METHODS: The bactericidal activity of MCFAs against S. aureus persisters was assessed after treatment with three antibiotics - ciprofloxacin, oxacillin, and tobramycin. Membrane permeabilit

Factor VIII, a coagulation cofactor, is a relevant survival factor in bladder cancer cell lines.

BACKGROUND: Factor (F)VIII, an essential coagulation cofactor and independent cancer-associated thrombotic risk factor, has recently been sh … deleted or full-length rFVIII (rFVIII-FL) in low serum conditions, where cell cycle, migration, and cell survival were assessed. Cell cycle was measured by 7-aminoactinomycin D incorporation and migration by Transwell or wound healing assays. Cell survival was assessed by crystal violet (optical density 592) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazol …

Interpretable Cancer Survival Prediction by Fusing Semantic Labelling of Cell Types and Whole Slide Images.

Survival prediction involves multiple factors, such as histopathological image data and omics data, making it a typical multimodal task. In this work, we introduce semantic annotations for genes in different cell types based on cell biology knowledge, enabling the model to achieve interpretability at the cellular level. Since these cell type annotations are derived from the unique sites of origin for each cancer type, they can be more closely aligned with morphological features in whole slide images (WSIs) and address the issue of genomic annotation ambiguity. We then propose a multimodal fusi

Disease progression more than 6 years after treatment impacts overall survival in mantle cell lymphoma.

Studies on mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) emphasize that patients with progression of disease (POD) ≤24 months have inferior prognosis compared to patients with later POD. This population-based study assessed the impact of POD on overall survival (OS) by timing of progression and first-line treatment. A total of 1186 MCL patients diagnosed 2006-2018 were identified in the Swedish lymphoma register. POD was defined as progressive disease after first-line treatment or relapse following initial response. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), comparing all-cause mortality among pati

Impact of Genetic Ancestry on Genomics and Survival Outcomes in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

The influence of genetic ancestry on genomics in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) has not been fully explored. We examined the impact of genetic ancestry on multi-omic alterations, survival outcomes, and risk stratification. Among 1309 children and young adults with T-ALL treated on the Children's Oncology Group trial AALL0434, the prognostic value of five commonly altered T-ALL genes varied by ancestry-including NOTCH1, which was associated with superior overall survival for patients of European ancestry but non-prognostic among patients of African ancestry. Integrating genetic anc

Use of machine learning techniques to predict poor survival after hematopoietic cell transplantation for myelofibrosis.

With the incorporation of effective therapies for myelofibrosis (MF), accurately predicting outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is crucial for determining the optimal timing for this procedure. Using data from 5183 patients with MF who underwent first allo-HCT between 2005 and 2020 at European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation centers, we examined different machine learning (ML) models to predict overall survival after transplant. The cohort was divided into a training set (75%) and a test set (25%) for model validation. A random survival forests

Clinicopathological analysis and survival outcomes of head and neck spindle cell carcinoma: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: This systematic review aimed to summarize the clinicopathological characteristics, molecular profile, treatment, and outcomes of head and neck spindle cell carcinoma (HNSpCC). METHODS: A comprehensive search was performed in five databases and gray literature (December 2024). Associations between clinical variables were tested using Fisher's exact and Chi-square tests, and survival was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Thirty-nine studies reporting 2,250 cases were included. HNSpCC primarily affects adult males, with the larynx being the most common site, followed b

Histopathologic predictors of recurrence and survival in early T stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: Recurrence and survival in early T-stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) may be impacted by histopathologic risk factors. This study aims to examine which of these factors predict long-term outcomes of T1 and T2 OTSCC. METHODS: A retrospective review of T1 and T2 OTSCC patients treated with surgery at a single tertiary care center was conducted. Multivariate regression and Kaplan-Meier survival plots were used to identify predictors of recurrence and compare disease-free survival respectively. RESULTS: 100 consecutive patients were studied. Of these, 51 were staged pT

Patient-reported physical well-being predicts good long-term survival of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

AIM: This study aimed to explore the association between patient-reported items at different time points after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and long-term survival. METHODS: We conducted a study with 144 allogeneic HSCT patients, following them for 5 years post-transplantation. Data from the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplant (FACT-BMT) questionnaire were collected before transplantation and at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 36, and 60 months after transplantation. Demographic characteristics and survival status were also assessed. RESULTS: Among the 144 cases,

RadPhysBio: A Radiobiological Database for the Prediction of Cell Survival upon Exposure to Ionizing Radiation.

Based on the need for radiobiological databases, in this work, we mined experimental ionizing radiation data of human cells treated with X-rays, γ-rays, carbon ions, protons and α-particles, by manually searching the relevant literature in PubMed from 1980 until 2024. In order to calculate normal and tumor cell survival α and β coefficients of the linear quadratic (LQ) established model, as well as the initial values of the double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA, we used WebPlotDigitizer and Python programming language. We also produced complex DNA damage results through the fast Monte Carlo code …

Immunotherapy and Overall Survival Among Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Obesity.

IMPORTANCE: The association between obesity and response to cancer treatment and survival remains unclear, with conflicting findings from various studies. The optimal choice between conventional chemotherapy and immunotherapy for first-line treatment remains uncertain in patients with obesity who potentially have an inadequate therapeutic response to immunotherapy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether body mass index (BMI) modifies the association of immunotherapy or conventional therapy with overall survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PA

Long-Term Survival After Pneumonectomy for Major Hemoptysis in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

A 65-year-old man was admitted for a tissue biopsy of suspected right middle and lower lobe lung cancer with multiple bone metastases. During hospitalization, he started to cough up blood, which recurred after intubation. The patient experienced asphyxia, which led to cardiopulmonary arrest, but was successfully resuscitated. For complete hemostasis, palliative right pneumonectomy was performed. The decision to perform a pneumonectomy at an early stage contributed to saving the patient's life. By the time of reporting, he had survived for almost 6 years on tyrosine kinase inhibitors administer

Inhibition of interferon regulatory factor 4 orchestrates T cell dysfunction, extending mouse cardiac allograft survival.

BACKGROUND: T cell dysfunction, which includes exhaustion, anergy, and senescence, is a distinct T cell differentiation state that occurs after antigen exposure. Although T cell dysfunction has been a cornerstone of cancer immunotherapy, its potential in transplant research, while not yet as extensively explored, is attracting growing interest. Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) has been shown to play a pivotal role in inducing T cell dysfunction. METHODS: A novel ultra-low-dose combination of Trametinib and Rapamycin, targeting IRF4 inhibition, was employed to investigate T cell prolifera

Tumor Cell Survival Factors and Angiogenesis in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: How Hot Is the Link?

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of neoplastic CD5+/CD19+ B lymphocytes in the blood. These cells migrate to and proliferate in the bone marrow and lymphoid tissues. Despite the development of new therapies for CLL, drug resistance and disease relapse still occur; novel treatment approaches are therefore still needed. Inhibition of the angiogenesis involved in the progression of CLL might be a relevant therapeutic strategy. The literature data indicate that vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 are pro-angiogen

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… By binding to its receptor Tie-2 [ 126 ], Ang-2 favors CLL cell survival [ 74 , 126 ] ( Table 1 ). However, the signaling transduction pathways have not been characterized. 3.3. … TNF-α favors cell survival and proliferation of CLL cells by upregulating Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 [ 97 , 141 , 142 ]. Accordingly, stimulation of TNF-R1 with TNF-α enhanced NF-κB activity and CLL cell survival [ 97 ] ( Table 1 ). …

Survival Outcomes of Patients with Mantle Cell Lymphoma: A Retrospective, 15-Year, Real-Life Study.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) prognosis has significantly improved in recent years; however, the possible survival benefit of new treatment options should be evaluated outside of clinical trials. We investigated 73 consecutive MCL patients managed from 2006 to 2020. For younger patients <65 years old, the median PFS was 72 months and we reported a 2-year, 5-year, and 10-year PFS of 73%, 62%, and 41%; median OS was not reached and we reported a 2-year, 5-year, and 10-year OS of 88%, 82%, and 66%. For patients aged 75 years or older, the median PFS was 36 months and we reported a 2-year, 5-year, an