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Varicella zoster virus encephalomyelitis as a late complication following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes the primary infection manifesting as varicella or chickenpox, with possibility of reactivation later in life. A 71-year-old man presented with headache and lower extremity weakness. There was no evidence of skin lesions to suggest a recent zoster infection. The patient had a history of multiple myeloma diagnosed 2 years earlier, treated with chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant. Antimicrobial prophylaxis was discontinued 12 months after the transplant. MRI of the brain demonstrated areas of T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity in…

Neurological complications of varicella in childhood: case series and a systematic review of the literature.

Although varicella has usually an uncomplicated course in early childhood, several neurological complications may occur. We conducted a stud … likelihood of such complications in the range of 13.9-20.4%. Although neurological complications of chickenpox do not frequently result in permanent sequelae, they represent significant determinants of prolonged hospital stay and of other indirect costs. The obtained results may be useful for estimating costs associated with hospitalization from varicella in …

Hand, foot and mouth disease.

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute viral illness with a distinct clinical presentation of oral and characteristic distal extrem … and may mimic many other conditions like acute herpetic gingivostomstomatitis, apthous stomatitis, chickenpox, erythema multiformae and misdiagnosis may involve an inappropriate prescription of medication.

Congenital varicella syndrome in a very low birthweight preterm infant.

Congenital varicella syndrome (CVS) is a rare but deleterious consequence of primary varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection during pregnancy. Typical CVS stigmata are cerebral abnormalities, eye diseases and segmentally distributed, cicatricial skin lesions. In this paper the authors report on a male preterm infant, born at 30 weeks of gestation, who developed pustular skin lesions at the age of 4 weeks. The mother had suffered from chickenpox at 14 weeks of gestation. Apart from skin manifestations, critical bronchopulmonary dysplasia made the infant conspicuous. The VZV genome was detected i…

Characteristics of patients with herpes zoster on presentation to practitioners in France.

There have been many epidemiological studies of chickenpox but only a few of herpes zoster. We report data from an observational study, conducted in France during a 1-year period, of 9038 patients who presented with acute herpes zoster (n = 8103) or postherpetic neuralgia (PHN; n = 935) at the office practices of 4635 general practitioners or dermatologists. The incidence of herpes zoster in France was found to be similar to that in the literature: from 1.4 to 4.8 cases per 1000 population per year. The patient profiles and clinical patterns were delineated, as well as the management decisions…

Weekly Returns Service of the Royal College of General Practitioners.

General practitioners in 69 practices in England and Wales monitor the spread of epidemic diseases in the community through the Weekly Retur … provides information about illnesses for which there are no other major data sources--for example, chickenpox, scabies, and (historically) mumps. The entire network is electronically linked. Direct links with microbiological laboratories are being forged in order to integrate clinical and microbiological data in defined populations.

[Varicella in pregnancy after the 20th week of amenorrhea].

We report five cases of varicella pneumonia among ten otherwise healthy pregnant women who were admitted in our hospital between 1986 and 1991 with chickenpox. The precise frequency of this rare complication is not well known actually but analysis of the literature shows that the mortality rate is about 20%. Beside the problem of the fetal varicella syndrome, the other complication is the severe varicella of the neonate which can appear when varicella occurs in the mother within 5 days before, and 2 days after delivery. When primary varicella infection occurs during pregnancy clinical examinat…

Topical diphenhydramine toxicity.

This paper will review an acute onset of mental confusion associated with hallucinations secondary to vigorous administration of topical Caladryl lotion and Benadryl spray in an 8-year-old boy with chickenpox. The article discusses the toxicity of both oral and topical diphenhydramine use, along with the differentiation of varicella encephalitis from diphenhydramine toxicity. Delirium can be described as an acute clouding of consciousness associated with visual and tactile hallucinations, disorientation, and misperceptions. In a child who is already suffering from an infectious illness, enceph…

Mortality due to Reye's syndrome in Michigan: distribution and longitudinal trends.

Death rates due to Reye's syndrome and related diseases among children in Michigan were estimated from 1969 to mid-1977 on the basis of searches of death certificates, with verification of diagnosis by review of hospital records. There was no significant increase in mortality for Reye's syndrome during the study period. Temporal association with type A and B influenza outbreaks was found. The syndrome occurred at a lower rate in summer and autumn when these infections, as well as chickenpox, were rare. The mean age of children dying of Reye's syndrome and related diseases was 5.5 years, with a…

Monkeypox: Prevention Strategies and Challenges: Updated Review.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The mpox virus, sometimes known as MPXV, is the cause of the disease mpox. The Monkeypox virus is a different Poxvirida … reaction detection of viral DNA. It is crucial to differentiate measles, scabies, herpes, syphilis, chickenpox, measles, bacterial skin infections, and allergies related to medications from mpox. The ability to distinguish between chickenpox and mpox is made by lymphadenopathy. The JYNNEOS vaccine, ACAM2000 vaccine, and MVABN also known as Imvamune vaccinati …

A systematic review of the cost effectiveness of herpes zoster vaccination.

BACKGROUND: The varicella zoster virus (VZV) can cause two infections: chickenpox or herpes zoster (HZ). Whereas chickenpox infections are normally mild but common among children, HZ infections are common among elderly people and can give rise to post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), a severe and painful complication. OBJECTIVES: This review aimed to summarize the literature available on the cost effectiveness of HZ vaccination and to summarize key issues for decision makers to consider when deciding on the reimbursement of HZ vaccination. METHODS: We conducted a literature search of the databases …

Virtual surveillance of communicable diseases: a 20-year experience in France.

Inserm has developed, since 1984, an information system based on a computer network of physicians in France. It allows for constitution of l … 5,000 patients for whom HIV tests have been prescribed by general practitioners and 25,000 cases of chickenpox have been collected. Detection of regional influenza or acute diarrhea outbreaks and forecasting of epidemic trends three weeks ahead are currently broadcasted to the French media and published on Sentiweb on a weekly basis. Age-cohort-period models …

Катастрофические проявления у пациентов с заражением SARS-COV-2.

В то время как, как известно, SARS-COV-2 вызывает пневмонию и синдром острого дыхательного расстройства (ARDS), было также отмечено множество внешних проявлений COVID-19. У пациентов с SARS-COV-2 были описаны различные проявления, включая эритематическую сыпь, уртика и ветряные везикла. Шесть пациентов (два мужчины и четыре женщины) в возрастной группе от 50 до 60 лет, госпитализированных с инфекцией SARS-COV-2, подтвержденной цепной реакцией на полимеразу в режиме реального времени (ПКР в режиме реального времени), проявили резкие проявления. Сыпь была смешанной, прозрачной, центробежной и не

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
While SARS-CoV-2 is known to cause pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), many extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 have also been observed. Cutaneous manifestations including erythematous rash, urticaria, and chickenpox-like vesicles have been described in patients with SARS-CoV-2. Six patients, two men and four women, in the age gro…

[Update on vaccines: 2018 recommendations].

Beginning in 1974, the date on which the Expanded Program on Immunization was established in the Americas, the number of deaths and disabili … nd recommendations for 2018 on Polio, Rotavirus, Pneumococcus, Meningococcus, Human Papillomavirus, Chickenpox, Flu, Dengue vaccines and Whooping Cough.

Childhood infectious diseases and risk of multiple myeloma: an analysis of the Italian multicentre case-control study.

Common childhood infectious diseases have been associated with a reduced risk of following haematopoietic malignancies, but investigations on multiple myeloma (MM) are scarce. Information about 213 MM cases and 1128 healthy controls were obtained from a multicentre population-based Italian case-control study. The association between chickenpox, measles, mumps, pertussis and rubella and the MM risk was estimated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender and residence area. No association was found between MM risk and any considered infectious disease. The number of infecti…

Is acyclovir effective for the treatment of varicella in children and adolescents?

INTRODUCTION: Varicella (chickenpox) is a frequent and highly contagious infectious disease, caused by the Varicella zoster virus. Traditionally, it has been recommended to focus on the management of symptoms, since there is controversy about the role of antivirals, particularly in children and adolescents. METHODS: To answer this question we used Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of …

Immunological evasion of immediate-early varicella zoster virus proteins.

The varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes the childhood disease commonly known as chickenpox and can later in life reactivate as herpes zoster. The adaptive immune system is known to play an important role in suppressing VZV reactivation. A central aspect of this system is the presentation of VZV-derived peptides by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. Here, we investigate if key VZV proteins have evolved their amino acid sequence to avoid presentation by MHC based on predictive models of MHC-peptide affinity. This study shows that the immediate-early proteins of all characterize…

Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism among Varicella-Zoster Virus and identification of vaccine-specific sites.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a causative agent for chickenpox and zoster. Live attenuated vaccines have been developed based on Oka and MAV/06 strains. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms of attenuation, complete genome sequences of vaccine and wild-type strains were compared and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was analyzed. ORF22 and ORF62 contained the highest number of SNPs. The detailed analysis of the SNPs suggested 24 potential vaccine-specific sites. All the mutational events found in vaccine-specific sites were transitional, and most of them were substitution of AT …

Ocular involvement associated with varicella in adults.

BACKGROUND: Varicella is a common infectious disease primarily of childhood that is usually benign and self-limited. It is, however, increas … ugs, with subsequent resolution of acute ocular inflammatory disease. CONCLUSIONS: The spectrum of chickenpox-associated ocular complications in adults is wide. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are mandatory to improve visual outcome.

Shingles vaccination: background and advice for community nurses.

Shingles (or zoster) is a reactivation of an existing varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection. During the initial infection, VZV causes a systemic disease known as varicella or chickenpox, and this initial infection normally occurs early in childhood in the absence of routine vaccination. Although varicella is normally a mild disease, shingles is associated with significant morbidity and some mortality, particularly in older people. The most significant severe consequence is post-herpetic neuralgia. There is an effective vaccine available for this, known as Zostavax, which is a live-attenuated …