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Identification of avian encephalomyelitis virus in outbreaks among broilers in Morocco between 2020 and 2024.

INTRODUCTION: Avian encephalomyelitis (AE) is a viral disease of poultry caused by avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV; family Picornaviridae) that affects multiple avian species and continues to pose economic concerns for the poultry industry. Clinical expression differs with age, with neurological manifestations predominating in young birds, while adult layers mainly exhibit a transient reduction in egg production. METHODS: This study describes the clinical, pathological, and molecular findings associated with AE outbreaks in six Moroccan broiler flocks aged 6-17 days. Histopathological exam…

Histopathological diagnosis and genetic diversity of avian encephalomyelitis virus circulating in broiler farms in Egypt.

BACKGROUND: Avian encephalomyelitis (AE) is an imperative viral disease of avian species worldwide caused by the AE virus (AEV). AIM: This retrospective study aimed to genetically characterize field AEV strains circulating in the local governorates of Egypt and assess their genetic divergence in comparison with commercially available vaccines. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first described study of AEV-VP1 gene sequencing and phylogeny in broilers in Egypt. METHODS: A total of 150 tissue specimens from broilers of four Egyptian governorates were used for isolation and genetic char…

Различия в 6N и 6J субстратах C57BL/6 Mice в развитии экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломелита.

Множественный склероз (MS) — аутоиммунное заболевание, вызывающее нейроинфламмацию и обезвоживание в центральной нервной системе (КНС). Он традиционно считается CD4+T с помощью клеток, но несколько иммунных клеток, таких как CD8+ клетки, B клетки, макрофаги и дендритические клетки (DC), также способствуют патогенезу. Кроме того, в организме пациентов MS наблюдались изменения микробиоты кишечника, включая изменения в конкретных генах. Муриновая модель MS, экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиелит (EAE), осуществляется главным образом на мышах C57BL/6. Исторически подстилки N и J использовал

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease causing neuroinflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS). It is trad … specific genera, has been observed in MS patients. The murine model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), is mainly carried out in C57BL/6 mice. Historically, N and J substrains have been used interchangeably, and many laboratories are not even aware of which strain they are using. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the differ …

Методология и оценка внедрения экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиэлита, предклинической модели муслинного склероза.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое воспалительное заболевание центральной нервной системы (КНС), характеризующееся сильным и прогрессивным демиелионирующим процессом. Она считается нейродегенеративным аутоиммунным расстройством, вызываемым инфильтрацией иммунных клеток, перепроизводством цитокинов и аккумулированием реактивных видов кислорода (РОС), что приводит к аксоновым и нейронным повреждениям. Экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиелит (EAE) является наиболее часто используемой доклинической моделью множественного склероза (MS), поскольку он напоминает многие аспекты болезни чел

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterized by a severe and progress … oxygen species (ROS) accumulation that leads to axonal and neuronal injury. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly used pre-clinical model of multiple sclerosis (MS), since it resembles many aspects of the human disease. EAE can be induced in a variety of species and strains (rodents and monkeys), providing models of acute monophasic, …

Экспериментальная аутоиммунная энцефаломелит (EAE) модель: путь к успешному переводу многочисленных склерозных терапий.

Множественный склероз (MS) — нервно-воспалительное расстройство, характеризующееся демиэлизацией, нейродегенерацией и регулированием иммунной дисфункции. Экспериментальная аутоиммунная энцефаломиэлит (EAE) помогла пролить свет на патофизиологию и тестовую терапию MS. В настоящем обзоре обобщается текущая литература о разработке, применении и переводческом значении моделей EAE в исследованиях по НР. В нем обсуждаются различные вводные протоколы EAE, включая активную и пассивную иммунизацию, и освещаются такие достижения, как гуманизированные мыши и индуцированные плюрипотентные стволовые клетки

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disorder that is characterized by demyelination, neurodegeneration, and immune dysregulation. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model has helped to elucidate MS pathophysiology and test therapies. This review synthesizes current literature on the development, applications, and translational sig…

Proteome Profiling of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mouse Model and the Effect of a SUMO E1 Inhibitor.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, causing demyelination and inflammation in the central nervous system. The pathology of MS has been extensively studied using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model. However, the molecular mechanisms are still largely unclear and require further investigation. In this study, we carried out quantitative proteomic analysis of the brain and spinal cord tissues in mice induced with EAE using a data-independent acquisition strategy and identified 744 differentially regulated proteins in the brain a…

The immunomodulatory effects of the C-type lectin protein of Toxocara canis on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Toxocara canis is a global zoonosis infection that can cause chronic and long-term toxocariasis in their paratenic host. The excretory-secretory (ES) products of T. canis larvae are considered to be responsible for the Th2 polarization and regulatory immune responses in toxocariasis. The C-type lectin family is one of the most prominent components of ES products of T. canis infective larvae. This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of a T. canis C-type lectin recombinant protein (rCTL), on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) which is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune dise…

Blocking the IFN-gamma signal in the choroid plexus confers resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory infiltration and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS). IFN-gamma (IFN-γ), a critically important immunomodulator, has been widely studied in MS pathology. The confusing and complex effects of IFN-γ in MS patients and rodent models, however, cause us to look more closely at its exact role in MS. In this study, we identified the role of the IFN-γ signaling in the choroid plexus (CP) in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. We found that the IFN-γ signal was rapidly amplified when CNS …

A multicenter virome analysis of blood, feces, and saliva in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is estimated to affect 0.4%-2.5% of the global population. Most cases are unexplained; however, some patients describe an antecedent viral infection or response to antiviral medications. We report here a multicenter study for the presence of viral nucleic acid in blood, feces, and saliva of patients with ME/CFS using polymerase chain reaction and high-throughput sequencing. We found no consistent group-specific differences other than a lower prevalence of anelloviruses in cases compared to healthy controls. Our findings suggest that f…

Tolerogenic Lipid Nanoparticles for Delivering Self-Antigen mRNA for the Treatment of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis is a disease caused by autoantigen-responsive immune cells that disrupt the myelin in the central nervous system (CNS). Although immunosuppressive drugs are used to suppress symptoms, no definitive therapy exists. As in the experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis, a partial sequence of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55) was identified as a causative autoantigen. This suggests that the induction of immune tolerance that is specific to MOG35-55 would be a fundamental treatment for EAE. We previously reported that lipid nanoparticl

A Mixed Methods System for the Assessment of Post Exertional Malaise in Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: A central feature of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is post exertional malaise (PEM), which is an acute worsening of symptoms after a physical, emotional and/or mental exertion. PEM is also a feature of Long COVID. Dynamic measures of PEM have historically included scaled questionnaires which have not been validated in ME/CFS. To enhance our understanding of PEM and how best to measure it, we conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews (QIs) at the same intervals as Visual Analog Scale (VAS) measures after a Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET). M…

Chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is an excellent model to study neuroaxonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis.

Animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS), specifically experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), have been used extensively to develop anti-inflammatory treatments. However, the similarity between MS and one particular EAE model does not end at inflammation. MS and chronic EAE induced in C57BL/6 mice using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide 35-55 share many neuropathologies. Beyond both having white matter lesions in spinal cord, both also have widespread neuropathology in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, striatum, cerebellum, and retina/optic nerve. In this re…

Newly diagnosed autoimmune Addison's disease in a patient with COVID-19 with autoimmune disseminated encephalomyelitis.

A man in his 20s with a history of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) was brought into the emergency department (ED) after his family found him at home collapsed on the floor unresponsive with a blood glucose of 28 mg/dL at the field. In the ED, the patient was tachycardic, tachypnoeic and hypotensive, requiring pressors and intubation at 9 hours and 12 hours after arrival, respectively. Laboratory results revealed a positive COVID-19 test, serum sodium of 125 mmol/L and persistent hypoglycaemia. The patient was given a high dose of dexamethasone for COVID-19 treatment 1 hour before p…

A late presentation of TPM3 myopathy presenting as sleep hypoventilation in the setting of acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis.

UNLABELLED: Central hypoventilation is a rare cause of respiratory failure that has been associated with multiple underlying disorders, including congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, and several neuromuscular conditions. We report the case of an adolescent who presented with respiratory failure in the setting of acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis whose clinical history was consistent with a congenital myopathy and whom we found to have a Tropomyosin 3 (TPM3) genetic variant on further genetic testing. This case expands the clinical spectrum of cause…

Two Cases of Monkeypox-Associated Encephalomyelitis - Colorado and the District of Columbia, July-August 2022.

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is an orthopoxvirus in the Poxviridae family. The current multinational monkeypox outbreak has now spread to 96 count … ously reported with MPXV infection (5,6), it appears to be rare. This report describes two cases of encephalomyelitis in patients with monkeypox disease that occurred during the current U.S. outbreak. Although neurologic complications of acute MPXV infections are rare, suspected cases should be reported to state, tribal, local, or territorial health departments to …

Encephalomyelitis Caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris in a Woman With Breast Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Balamuthia mandrillaris is one cause of a rare and severe brain infection called granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), which has a mortality rate of >90%. Diagnosis of Balamuthia GAE is difficult because symptoms are non-specific. Here, we report a case of Balamuthia amoebic encephalomyelitis (encephalitis and myelitis) in a woman with breast cancer. She sustained trauma near a garbage dump 2 years ago and subsequently developed a skin lesion with a Mycobacterium abscessus infection. She experienced dizziness, lethargy, nausea and vomiting, inability to walk, and deterioration of conscious…

Conditional Deletions of Hdc Confirm Roles of Histamine in Anaphylaxis and Circadian Activity but Not in Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Histamine is best known for its role in allergies, but it could also be involved in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. However, studies using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most widely used animal model for multiple sclerosis, have reported conflicting observations and suggest the implication of a nonclassical source of histamine. In this study, we demonstrate that neutrophils are the main producers of histamine in the spinal cord of EAE mice. To assess the role of histamine by taking into account its different cellular sources, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to generat…

The Enterovirus Theory of Disease Etiology in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Critical Review.

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex, multi-system disease whose etiological basis has not been established. Enteroviruses (EVs) as a cause of ME/CFS have sometimes been proposed, as they are known agents of acute respiratory and gastrointestinal infections that may persist in secondary infection sites, including the central nervous system, muscle, and heart. To date, the body of research that has investigated enterovirus infections in relation to ME/CFS supports an increased prevalence of chronic or persistent enteroviral infections in ME/CFS patient cohort…