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Harnessing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for the pharmacological treatment of overweight and obesity.

Over the past 30 years, there has been a dramatic rise in global obesity prevalence, resulting in significant economic and social consequences. Attempts to develop pharmacological agents to treat obesity have met with many obstacles including the lack of long-term effectiveness and the potential for adverse effects. Historically, there have been limited treatment options for overweight and obesity; however, since 2012, a number of new drugs have become available. A number of peptides produced in the gut act as key mediators of the gut-brain axis, which is involved in appetite regulation. This …

South Italy: A Privileged Perspective to Understand the Relationship between Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Overweight/Obesity.

BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that involves the terminal hair follicles of apocrine gland-bearing skin areas. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between HS and systemic medical conditions, such as overweight/obesity during adolescence. METHODS: Epidemiologic data was collected from January 2014 up to December 2015 from 27 patients affected by HS, outpatients of the Dermatology Department of University of Naples Federico II, to examine the correlation between HS and overweight/obesity. RESULTS: 70.4% of the patients were female and 29…

Strategies used by overweight and obese low-income mothers to feed their families in urban Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare strategies adopted by overweight and obese low-income mothers living in different vulnerable contexts to deal with food constraints and feed their families. DESIGN: Qualitative in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed with exploratory content analysis and the number of segments per theme was used to compare neighborhoods. SETTING: Three low-income neighborhoods in Santos, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: A purposive sample of 21 overweight or obese mothers. RESULTS: We identified three main types of strategies, namely, food acquisition, cooking, and eating. Food acqu…

Prevalence of overweight, obesity, underweight and normal weight in French youth from 2009 to 2013.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in French youth from 2009 to 2013 and to determine if there are differences in weight categories according to socio-economic status. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study performed in different regions of France. Physical measures included weight, height and BMI. Underweight, overweight and obesity were defined according to age- and sex-specific BMI cut-off points from the International Obesity Task Force. SETTING: France. SUBJECTS: Children and adolescents (n 9670; 4836 boys, 4834 girls) from the French national BOUGE Pr…

A pilot study to promote walking among obese and overweight individuals: walking buses for adults.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the concept of a walking bus program is a viable option for increasing physical activity and weight loss among overweight and obese adults METHODS: A pilot study was conducted where 45overweight and obese participants were monitored over an 8 week period and their walking bus use and weight changes were measured longitudinally. RESULTS: Participants who utilized the walking bus were more likely than those who did not use the walking bus to lose weight. Black walking bus users were less likely to lose weight than non-black walking bus users. 98% of participants sa…

[Prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among planed pregnancy couples in Chongqing City].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the epidemic situation of overweight and obese among planned pregnancy couples in Chongqing City. METHODS: Proportional stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted to select 11 953 cases of planned gestational couples from 19 counties in Chongqing from April to December, 2013, for questionnaire survey, physical examination and blood sampling test. The main contents of the questionnaire included demographic characteristics, smoking and drinking history, life and other economic pressures. Physical examination included height, weight, and blood pressure. RESUL…

Lower Working Memory Performance in Overweight and Obese Adolescents Is Mediated by White Matter Microstructure.

OBJECTIVES: Elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with deficits in working memory, reduced gray matter volume in frontal and parietal lobes, as well as changes in white matter (WM) microstructure. The current study examined whether BMI was related to working memory performance and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activity, as well as WM microstructure during adolescence. METHODS: Linear regressions with BMI and (1) verbal working memory BOLD signal, (2) spatial working memory BOLD signal, and (3) fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of WM microstructure, were conducted in a sample

Family histories of anxiety in overweight men and women with binge eating disorder: A preliminary investigation.

OBJECTIVE: A preliminary examination of the significance of family histories of anxiety in the expression of binge eating disorder (BED) and associated functioning. METHODS: Participants were 166 overweight patients with BED assessed using diagnostic interviews. Participants were administered a structured psychiatric history interview about their first-degree relatives (parents, siblings, children) (N=897) to determine lifetime diagnoses of DSM-IV anxiety disorders and completed a battery of questionnaires assessing current and historical eating and weight variables and associated psychologic…

Повсеместность компонентов избыточного веса, ожирения и метаболического синдрома у многих склерозных больных со значительной инвалидностью.

Информация о метаболических коморбидах у пациентов с множественным склерозом (МС) является скудной. Наша цель состояла в том, чтобы изучить распространенность метаболического синдрома (MetS) и его компонентов у пациентов с продолжительным содержанием MS и значительной инвалидностью. МЕТОДЫ: Демографические и клинические данные, вес, высота, окружность талии, кровяное давление и уровни постящегося глюкозы, триглицеридов и высокоплотного липопротеина холестерина (HDL-C). 130 Число пациентов, имеющих расширенную шкалу взносов по инвалидности (EDSS) ≥3.0. Результаты: Seventy-two % женщин, средний

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Information about metabolic comorbidities in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is scarce. Our aim was to examine … 10.1 years, EDSS 5.5 ± 1.0. Obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m(2) ] was present in 18.5% and overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m(2) ) in 34.6%. The prevalence of the MetS was 30% with no gender difference. Fifty-six percent had central obesity by waist circumference, 28% treated hypertension, 45.8% elevated blood pressure, 11% type 2 diabetes mellitus, 31. …

Overweight and obesity: prevalence and correlates in a large clinical sample of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) and childhood obesity (OBY) are rising public health concerns. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of overweight (OWT) and OBY in a sample of 376 Oregon children with ASD, and to assess correlates of OWT and OBY in this sample. We used descriptive statistics, bivariate, and focused multivariate analyses to determine whether socio-demographic characteristics, ASD symptoms, ASD cognitive and adaptive functioning, behavioral problems, and treatments for ASD were associated with OWT and OBY in ASD. Overall 18.1% of children met criteria for OWT and 17.0% me…

Dietary and lifestyle advice for pregnant women who are overweight or obese: the LIMIT randomized trial.

Overweight and obesity during pregnancy are common and are associated with an increased risk of adverse health outcomes for both the mother and the infant. However, robust evidence about the effect of antenatal dietary and lifestyle interventions on health outcomes is lacking. We conducted a multicenter, randomized trial, recruiting 2,212 women (from 3 public maternity hospitals across South Australia) with a singleton pregnancy between 10⁺⁰ and 20⁺⁰ weeks' gestation and a BMI ≥25. The women were randomized to lifestyle advice (n = 1,108) or standard care (n = 1,104). Women randomized to lifes…

Dietary habits and their relationship with hormones and metabolism in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates energy intake, macronutrient composition and habitual food choices in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and controls similar for age and body mass index (BMI), and their relationship with hormonal and metabolic parameters. DESIGN: Case-control study carried out in an academic hospital in Bologna, Italy. PATIENTS: One-hundred obese or overweight (BMI >25 kg/m(2) ) women with PCOS, diagnosed according to Rotterdam criteria, and 100 age- and BMI-matched controls. MEASUREMENTS: Dietary habits were investigated by means of the 7 days …

Leptin and adiponectin in cord blood from children of normal weight, overweight and obese mothers.

AIM: To study cord blood concentrations of adiponectin and leptin in children born by normal weight, overweight and obese mothers and to study these parameters in relation to a weight gain intervention programme for obese mothers. METHODS: Ten millilitre cord blood was collected and analysed for leptin and adiponectin concentrations in children with gestational age >37 weeks born by 60 normal weight, 45 overweight and 145 obese mothers. 82 obese mothers took part in a weight gain intervention programme. RESULTS: Concentrations of leptin and adiponectin were higher in cord blood from children…

Lack of adenovirus DNA in mediastinal adipose tissue of obese/overweight adults with cardiovascular disorders?

Mediastinal adipose tissue can be found on the anterior surface of pericardial sac below the remnants of the thymus. On the basis of previous studies describing adenoviruses (AdVs) as a causative factor of obesity, the causative relation between the presence of AdVs and an increased accumulation of mediastinal adipose tissue was studied. The study included 25 obese/overweight subjects with cardiac disorders. Specimens from fat deposits from the anterior mediastinum were collected during cardiac surgery procedures. Afterwards, PCR was used to detect AdV-DNA. No AdV-DNA could be detected in adip…

Iowa gambling task performance in overweight children and adolescents at risk for obstructive sleep apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a nocturnal respiratory disorder associated with cognitive and behavioral sequelae, including impairments i … ined performance on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a task believed to assess aspects of "hot" EF, in overweight adolescents at risk for OSA. Consistent with hypotheses, individuals without OSA made more beneficial decisions on the IGT over time, but participants with OSA did not benefit from feedback and continued to make choices associated with higher initia …

[Influence of family environment of the development of obesity and overweight in a population of school children in Granada (Spain)].

According to recent research, eating behaviour should be understand as a cyclical and interactive process in which parental eating habits cause children to develop specific eating strategies as well as their own eating habits. Needless to say, this interactive process is reflected and has a direct impact on the nutritional indicators of the children in a family. The objectives of this study were the following: (i) to verify the existence of a significant association between the educational level of parents and the nutritional state of children in the same family; (ii) to discover if there is a

A qualitative study of the determinants of dieting and non-dieting approaches in overweight/obese Australian adults.

BACKGROUND: Dieting has historically been the main behavioural treatment paradigm for overweight/obesity, although a non-dieting paradigm has more recently emerged based on the criticisms of the original dieting approach. There is a dearth of research contrasting why these approaches are adopted. To address this, we conducted a qualitative investigation into the determinants of dieting and non-dieting approaches based on the perspectives and experiences of overweight/obese Australian adults. METHODS: Grounded theory was used inductively to generate a model of themes contrasting the determinan…

Female overweight and obesity in adolescence: developmental trends and ethnic differences in prevalence, incidence, and remission.

Despite substantial increases in the prevalence of adolescent overweight and obesity documented in recent decades, few studies have prospectively tracked their development during the entire adolescent period. The aims of this study were to characterize developmental trends in prevalence, incidence, and remission of overweight and obesity using annual data collected from ages 12 to 19 for 496 adolescent females. Ethnic differences between African American (n = 37), Latina (n = 96), and European American (n = 348) adolescents were also compared. The prevalence of overweight decreased slightly ac…

Occurrence and timing of childhood overweight and mortality: findings from the Third Harvard Growth Study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the mortality experience of participants in the Third Harvard Growth Study (1922-1935) who provided ≥ 8 years of growth data. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 1877 participants provided an average of 10.5 body mass index measurements between age 6 and 18 years. Based on these measurements, the participants were classified as ever overweight or ever >85th percentile for height in childhood. Age at peak height velocity was used to indicate timing of overweight relative to puberty. Relative risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality according to measures of childhood growth wer…

The effect of overweight and obesity on psoriasis patients in Chinese Han population: a hospital-based study.

BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence indicates that psoriasis is associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity. However, few studies have investigated this relationship in Chinese Han population. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between overweight/obesity and psoriasis and to evaluate the overweight/obesity effect on the clinical features of psoriasis in Chinese Han population. METHODS: A hospital-based study was conducted, which involved in 4452 patients and 1166 controls of Chinese Han through epidemiological investigation. Controls used in the study…