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Prolonged cholestasis triggered by hepatitis A virus infection and variants of the hepatocanalicular phospholipid and bile salt transporters.

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection resolves in most patients uneventfully within weeks from the onset of the disease. In rare cases, however, it may relapse or cause prolonged cholestasis. Here we present a case of a 36-year-old female patient who developed severe pruritus and jaundice three weeks after initially uncomplicated hepatitis A. A relapse of the infection was excluded. Since therapy with colestyramin, antihistaminics, naloxon and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) did not improve symptoms, we decided to perform plasma absorption and to start rifampicin therapy. Under these measures, pruritu

Cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of goat (Capra hircus) phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx).

Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx), as a ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme in the glutathione peroxidases (GPx) family, plays multiple roles in organisms. However, there is very little information on PHGPx in goats (Capra hircus). In this study, a full-length cDNA was cloned and characterized from Taihang black goat testes. The 844 bp cDNA contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 597 bp. The goat PHGPx nucleotide sequence contains a selenocysteine (sec) codon TGA(244-246), two potential start codons ATG(20-22) and ATG(108-110), a polyadenylation signal AATAAA(813-818) and sel

The metabolic syndrome of omega3-depleted rats. VI. Intestinal phospholipid saturated and monodesaturated fatty acids.

Exposure of normal rats for 3-7 months to an omega3-deprived diet and subsequent exposure to an omega3-enriched diet were recently proposed as a model to study the metabolic consequences of alteration in the dietary supply of omega3 PUFA and their time course. The same animal model was used in the present study, which aimed at characterizing the pattern of saturated and monodesaturated fatty acids in the phospholipids of the duodenum, jejunum, caecum and colon. With one exception (C18:0), the weight content of these fatty acids was lower in the proximal than distal intestinal segments, a situa…

Reversible size-tuning of self-assembled silver nanoparticles in phospholipid membranes via humidity control.

A monolayer of 5-nm-sized Ag nanoparticles embedded in a liquid-crystalline lipid membrane undergoes a reversible morphological change during hydration and dehydration of the lipid membrane. High mobility of the encapsulating lipid molecules, chemically bound to the Ag atoms, induces redistribution of metal particles to produce significant and optically detectable changes in nanoparticle morphology. The morphological change occurs on a time scale that enables the Ag-nanoparticle-embedded membrane to be used as a convenient visual sensor for moisture and other organic solvents, as well as for b

Phospholipidosis assay in HepG2 cells and rat or rhesus hepatocytes using phospholipid probe NBD-PE.

Phospholipidosis (PLD) is an accumulation of phospholipids in lysosome-derived multilamellar vesicles. More than 50 commercial drugs are known to cause PLD. In vitro screening assays were developed in HepG2 cells, rat primary hepatocytes, and rhesus monkey hepatocytes using the fluorescent-labeled phospholipid probe N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)-1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (NBD-PE) or Nile Red lipid stain. The assays were qualified using amiodarone and fluoxetine as positive controls and precocene and valproic acid as negative controls. NBD-PE accumulation and N…

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome.

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by severe episodes of optic nerve and spinal cord inflammation. NMO-IgG (anti-aquaporin-4) has been recently described as a sensitive and specific marker for NMO. As there have been prior published reports of an association between NMO and systemic autoimmune diseases, the prognostic value of the antibody test in these cases is uncertain. We describe a 47-year old woman with recurrent transverse myelitis and a long-standing history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid antibod

Роль продуктов фосфолипидного окисления в провокационных и аутоиммунных заболеваниях: данные, полученные с помощью моделей животных и у людей.

После обнаружения окисленных фосфолипидов (OxPL) и их последствий в качестве модуляторов воспаления сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний роли этих липидных продуктов окисления были предложены во многих других формах заболевания. Продукты липидного окисления накапливаются в воспламененной и окислительно поврежденной ткани, где они получены в результате окислительной модификации липопротеинов, а также из мембран клеток, страдающих апоптозом. Таким образом, под повышенным окислительным стрессом, а также снижением расчистки апоптотических клеток подразумевается содействие накоплению OxPL в хронически в

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Since the discovery of oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) and their implication as modulators of inflammation in cardiovascular disease, roles for these lipid oxidation products have been suggested in many other disease settings. Lipid oxidation products accumulate in inflamed and oxidatively damaged tissue, where they are derived from oxidative modification of l…

A new bioimaging carrier for fluorescent quantum dots: phospholipid nanoemulsion mimicking natural lipoprotein core.

Fluorescent quantum dots (semiconductor nanocrystals) have the potential to revolutionize biological imaging, but their use has been limited by difficulties in obtaining quantum dots that are water soluble and biocompatible. The objectives of our research were to develop a methodology for encapsulation of cadnium-selenium (CdSe) quantum dots (QDs) in phospholipid nanoemulsion that mimics the natural lipoprotein core and to study their interactions with cultured non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC). We found that CdSe QDs can be efficiently encapsulated in the phospholipid nanoemulsion. The

Correlation between fluidising effects on phospholipid membranes and mitochondrial respiration of propofol and p-nitrosophenol homologues.

Nitrosopropofol (2-6-diisopropyl-4-nitrosophenol) has dramatic consequences for respiration, ATP synthesis and the transmembrane potential of isolated rat liver mitochondria at concentrations at which propofol (2-6-diisopropylphenol) does not cause any apparent effects. These results correlate well with the observation that nitrosopropofol is also a stronger perturbing agent of phospholipid membranes. In this paper we verify the possible biological activity of different phenols and nitrosophenols on mitochondrial respiration. We then discuss their interactions with phospholipid liposomes, stud

Surface-active phospholipid: a Pandora's box of clinical applications. Part I. The lung and air spaces.

Almost everywhere in the body there are phospholipids, not only comprising the lipid bilayer of membranes, but also in the free state. What is seldom appreciated, except in respirology, is that these 'free' phospholipids are unusual in that many are highly surface active. Surface activity is a property of certain substances (surfactants), conferred by their molecular constitution and configuration, which predisposes them to locate at interfaces because, in doing so, they reduce interfacial energy. When adsorbed (reversibly bound) to solid surfaces, surfactants can impart many highly desirable …

Surface-active phospholipid: a Pandora's box of clinical applications. Part II. Barrier and lubricating properties.

In Part I, it was described how their configuration renders phospholipid molecules surface active and capable of acting at interfaces in addition to the liquid-air interface to which conventional theory has hitherto confined the study of 'surfactant' in the lung. Surface-active phospholipid (SAPL) appears no different to comparable surfactants studied in the physical sciences for the highly desirable properties that their adsorption (reversible binding) can impart to solid surfaces. In Part II, these properties are considered in sites where there is no air. Highly desirable properties include

Loss of phospholipid asymmetry and surface exposure of phosphatidylserine is required for phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages and fibroblasts.

Removal of apoptotic cells during tissue remodeling or resolution of inflammation is critical to the restoration of normal tissue structure and function. During apoptosis, early surface changes occur, which trigger recognition and removal by macrophages and other phagocytes. Loss of phospholipid asymmetry results in exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), one of the surface markers recognized by macrophages. However, a number of receptors have been reported to mediate macrophage recognition of apoptotic cells, not all of which bind to phosphatidylserine. We therefore examined the role of membrane

Lamellar body counts compared with traditional phospholipid analysis as an assay for evaluating fetal lung maturity.

OBJECTIVE: To compare lamellar body counts with the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio and phosphatidylglycerol analysis in terms of assessment of risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). METHODS: Lamellar body counts, lecithin-sphingomyelin ratios (L/Ss), and phosphatidylglycerol levels were assessed in 1611 amniotic fluid samples obtained at four clinical sites from pregnant women whose fetuses were at risk for RDS. Cases in which delivery occurred within 72 hours of sample collection (n = 833) were analyzed. Specific cutoffs for predicting the likelihood of RDS for both the lamellar body cou

Effect of calcium on the surface properties of phospholipid monolayers with respect to surfactant formulations in respiratory distress syndrome.

The effects of calcium, in the form of calcium chloride, at concentrations of 5 and 20 mM, were studied on the surface properties of physiologic relevance to specialised biomaterials which replace lung surfactant in Respiratory Distress Syndrome. The dynamic surface pressure, re-spreading ratio, compressibility, hysteresis area and recruitment index of pure films of the main phospholipids of pulmonary surfactant namely dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and of binary mixed films of these phospholipids in the ratio of 2:3 were studied both in the pre…

Effects of phospholipid surfactant on apoptosis induction by respirable quartz and kaolin in NR8383 rat pulmonary macrophages.

Apoptosis was measured in rat alveolar macrophage NR8383 cells challenged in vitro with respirable quartz or kaolin dust and with the dusts pretreated with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) to model conditioning of respired dusts by interaction with a primary phospholipid component of pulmonary surfactant. Quartz dust is known to induce apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. For this study, quartz and kaolin were compared as dusts of similar cytotoxicity in some in vitro assays but of differing pathogenic potential: quartz can cause significant pulmonary fibrosis while kaolin generally does not.

Distinct cholesterol and phospholipid incorporation at the platelet plasma membrane of hyperlipidemic subjects: structural order and function.

Plasma lipid composition, platelet aggregation, cholesterol (Ch)/glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (GP) and phospholipid (Ph)/GP molar ratios, fatty acid composition and structural order (1, 6-diphenyl-1, 3, 5-hexatriene (DPH) fluorescence anisotropy at 35 degrees C (r(DPH,35)) of human platelet plasma membranes (HPPM) were measured in four DPH,35 groups of hyperlipidemic patients (II: plasma Ch < 250 mg/dl and TG (triglycerides) <220 mg/dl, n = 21; III: Ch > 250 mg/dl and TG < 220 mg/dl, n = 23; IV: Ch < 250 mg/dl and TG > 220 mg/dl, n = 18; and V: Ch > 250 mg/dl and TG > 220 mg/dl, n = 12) and compared

Immunocytochemical localization of annexin 5, a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein, in rat endocrine organs.

Annexin 5, a unique calcium- and phospholipid-binding protein, has been investigated for its specific distribution in rat endocrine organs by immunocytochemistry with a specific antiserum to recombinant rat annexin 5. Follicular epithelial cells and parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland, adrenocortical cells of the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis, luteal cells, testicular interstitial cells, and Sertoli cells were shown to contain annexin 5. To examine whether the synthesis of annexin 5 would be affected by a change in humoral signal, the distribution of annexin 5 in the anterior pit

Pneumocystis carinii glycoprotein A inhibits surfactant phospholipid secretion by rat alveolar type II cells.

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) remains a major cause of morbidity in AIDS. The pathogenesis of PCP is poorly understood, but evidence of surfactant abnormalities is mounting. The role of the major surface glycoprotein of P. carinii, gpA, in producing surfactant abnormalities was investigated. Rat type II pneumocytes were incubated with [3H]choline, purified gpA, and modulators. Lipid was extracted, and [3H]dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) secretion was calculated. Contaminating endotoxin had no effect on DPPC secretion. gpA inhibited basal and ATP-stimulated DPPC secretion in a dos

The mechanism for low-pH-induced clustering of phospholipid vesicles carrying the HA2 ectodomain of influenza hemagglutinin.

Homotrimeric hemagglutinin (HA) is one of the major spike membrane glycoproteins of the influenza virus. Initial pH-triggered conformational changes in the target membrane-interacting HA2 domain are necessary for a preliminary step in membrane fusion. Using spin-labeling electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, we examined subsequent pH-dependent changes of a membrane-bound HA2 construct (FHA2, aa 1-127). Residues 91-94, 108-115, 122, and 125 were mutated to cysteine and spin-labeled. Low solvent accessibility and side chain mobility were observed by EPR at positions 91-94, 122, and

Anti-phospholipid syndrome: from patient's bedside to experimental animal models and back to the patient's bedside.

The availability of animal models of the APS has provided a lot of experimental data which might be considered in trying to unravel several questions concerning this complicated disease. The main clinical manifestations associated with this disorder are repeated pregnancy loss, thrombocytopenia and thrombotic events. Other manifestations have been reported in relation to APS. However, the association with anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL) are still uncertain. In the APS murine models presented here, both the Lupus-prone mice and the naive mice with induced APS, fetal resorption (parallels to