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Changes in sensory and motor neurons populations following LPC-induced sciatic nerve demyelination in rats: A study using CTB retrograde tracing.

Numerous studies have reported changes in sensory and motor neurons following nerve injury. However, the alterations in the number and subty … nction in peripheral demyelinating diseases. CTB tracing may effectively evaluate demyelination and remyelination.

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Is Associated With Increased Thalamic Subregion Volume in the Subacute Period Following Injury.

Structural vulnerability of the thalamus remains underinvestigated in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and few studies have addressed its … amic subregions. Putative mechanisms underpinning the increased volume observed here are disordered remyelination or myelin debris yet to be cleared.

Galectins in the brain: advances in neuroinflammation, neuroprotection and therapeutic opportunities.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Galectin interactions with glycoproteins and glycolipids modulate a variety of cellular responses that are now increasing … 3 and Gal-4, together with changes in glycan structures define the outcome of neuroinflammation and remyelination processes. Gal-8 emerged as a new neuroprotector factor, which added to its immunosuppressive role and presence in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may generate a neuroprotective environment in the brain. SUMMARY: Galectins modulate neuroinflammatio …

Expression patterns and role of PTEN in rat peripheral nerve development and injury.

Studies have suggested that phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) plays an important role in neuroprotection and neuronal regeneration. To b … expression is inhibited in peripheral nerves, preceding myelination during neuronal development and remyelination after acute nerve injury. Low PTEN expression after nerve injury promotes Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway activity. In vivo pharmacological inhibition of PTEN using bpV(pic) promoted axonal regrowth, increased the number o …

Return of function after CNS axon regeneration: Lessons from injury-responsive intrinsically photosensitive and alpha retinal ganglion cells.

This review addresses issues relating to the survival and axon regeneration of both intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipR … idance cues that are essential for accurate re-innervation. The study of the temporal parameters of remyelination of regenerated αRGC axons may become feasible if they establish permanent homologous connections, allowing time for new myelin sheaths to fully form. Unless near complete re-innervation of denervated targets is re-instated in the CNS, debilitating d …

Multifocal visual evoked potentials in optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis: A review.

Multifocal visual evoked potential (mf-VEP) represents a new approach to the classical full field (ff-)VEP with separate responses from up to 60 sectors of the visual field. A thorough literature survey of the use of mf-VEP in optic neuritis (ON) and multiple sclerosis (MS) is presented (38 published studies were retrieved). Mf-VEP provides direct topographical information of specific lesions and facilitates investigations on structural-functional correlations thus providing new methods for exploring the interplay between demyelination, atrophy and remyelination in MS. Good correlation was sho…

GAS6 enhances repair following cuprizone-induced demyelination.

Growth arrest-specific protein 6 (gas6) activities are mediated through the Tyro3, Axl, and Mer family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Gas6 is … tive deposits were reduced in number relative to PBS-treated mice. Compared to PBS, rhGas6 enhanced remyelination as revealed by MBP immunostaining and electron microscopy. The rhGas6-treated mice had more oligodendrocytes expressing Olig1 in the cytoplasm, indicative of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell maturation. Relative to PBS-treated mice, rhGas6-treated mi …

Rapid recovery of segmental neurological function in a tetraplegic patient following transplantation of fetal olfactory bulb-derived cells.

STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVE: Report rapid neurological changes in a complete tetraplegic following a cell injection procedure. SETTING: Beijing, China. METHODS: ASIA/IMSOP neurological scale. Immunostaining of cell cultures. Cellular transplantation to effect functional restoration following spinal cord injury (SCI) has been hypothesized to cause improvements through axonal regeneration, increased plasticity, or axonal remyelination. Several human trials are in preliminary phases. We report a rapid improvement in motor and sensory functions in the segment adjacent to the level of c…

Peripheral neuropathy in the WBN/Kob rat with chronic pancreatitis and spontaneous diabetes.

BACKGROUND: To elucidate the mechanisms of peripheral nerve damage in diabetic neuropathy, various animal models have been studied. The WBN/ … led increased sorbitol and decreased myoinositol levels in the sciatic nerve. Structurally, de- and remyelination was the major abnormality in the sciatic and tibial nerves in 12-month-old rats. Twenty-month-old rats showed in addition, structural changes indicative of axonal degeneration and dystrophy. Morphometric analysis demonstrated reduced myelinated fibe …

CTL1 (SLC44A1) regulates myelin lipid composition and architecture in Schwann cells.

Myelin formation requires extensive membrane lipid synthesis, yet how myelinating glia acquire the choline needed for this process remains incompletely understood. Choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1; SLC44A1) is highly expressed in Schwann cells, and CTL1 deficiency in oligodendrocytes impairs CNS myelination. Here, we examined the role of CTL1 in peripheral nerve myelination using Schwann cell-specific Ctl1 knockout mice. Unexpectedly, loss of Ctl1 did not alter Schwann cell differentiation, the number of myelinated axons, or myelin thickness, but increased myelin abnormalities, includi

ROS-responsive hydrogels functionalized with Cu/Zn MOF targeting oxidative stress mitigation and inflammation modulation to promote spinal cord injury repair.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in irreversible neurological damage primarily due to secondary processes such as oxidative stress, inflamma … n. In vivo assessments reveal that the Cu/Zn MOF@gel significantly enhances axonal regeneration and remyelination, leading to considerable improvements in both electrophysiological conduction and locomotor function recovery. This study underscores the potential of ROS-responsive hydrogels functionalized with MOFs as a promising therapeutic strategy for addressi …

Rethinking the Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell: One Cell, Many Functions.

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are resident progenitors and the largest cycling nonneuronal population of the central nervous system (CNS). For decades, OPCs were defined by a single output-the myelinating oligodendrocyte. However, a growing body of evidence has since revealed a cell whose functions reach well beyond myelin, raising the question of whether the OPC should be regarded as a glial cell type in its own right. In this review I examine a broader repertoire of OPC functions and their relevance to CNS health and disease, alongside myelination, remyelination and myelin maintena…

Blood-brain barrier modulation for targeted central nervous system drug delivery in neurodegenerative and demyelinating disorders.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays an indispensable role in central nervous system homeostasis but it has remained a key barrier to successful treatment of neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases. This review discusses the basis for BBB structural and functional regulation and critically discusses emerging strategies to improve therapeutic delivery in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis). Across pharmacological, nanotechnological, physical and genetic platforms, comes a common thread of ideas; rational and temporally-controlled BBB

The neural transdifferentiation potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination and neuronal degeneration. Currently, there is no treatment that can promote remyelination or axonal repair and thus improve patient outcomes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in multiple sclerosis due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. Priming MSCs toward neural- or glial-like cells may enhance their therapeutic potential. METHODS: Bone marrow MSCs from multiple sclerosis patients were cultured in diffe…

Pathobiology-guided diagnostic advances, biomarker discovery, and emerging therapeutic strategies in progressive multiple sclerosis.

Progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) represents a severe and disabling form of MS characterized by a gradual accumulation of neurological im … n of innovative therapeutic approaches, including targeted immunotherapies, neuroprotective agents, remyelination-promoting strategies, and emerging cell-based interventions. Here, in this review, we summarize current advances in the therapeutic landscape of progressive MS, highlighting recently approved treatments as well as promising agents under clinical inv …

Высокоэффективная маркировка нервно-паралитических волокон в очищенных тканях для легкой микроскопии.

СВЕДЕНИЕ: Методы расчистки тканей в сочетании с микроскопией люминесцентных материалов (LSFM) позволяют производить съемку биологических структур с высоким разрешением 3D без физического отделения. Хотя они широко используются в нейробиологии для определения архитектуры мозга и коннектомики, их применение для картирования спинного мозга остается более ограниченным, что создает проблемы для изучения демиелинизирующих заболеваний, таких, как множественный склероз. Визуализация " миелин " в очищенных тканях особенно затруднена из-за того, что большинство протоколов удаления липидов явля

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Tissue clearing techniques combined with light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) enable high-resolution 3D imaging of biologi … ential use of HELF coupled to LSFM as a practical tool for the evaluation of novel therapeutics for remyelination in preclinical models of CNS diseases.

RXR agonist, 9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid (9CDHRA), reduces damage and protects from demyelination in transsynaptic degeneration model.

Neurodegenerative and demyelinating disease, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) are at the forefront of medical research and the discovery of new drugs and therapeutics. One phenomenon of degeneration seen in these diseases is transsynaptic degeneration (TSD), where damage from one axon spreads to the other axons that are connected to it synaptically. It has previously been found that demyelination occurs prior to neuronal loss in an experimental form of induced TSD. Retinoid-x receptor (RXR) agonists have been shown to promote remyelination. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the effects of a…

Myelin debris phagocytosis in demyelinating disease.

Demyelinating diseases are often caused by a variety of triggers, including immune responses, viral infections, malnutrition, hypoxia, or genetic factors, all of which result in the loss of myelin in the nervous system. The accumulation of myelin debris at the lesion site leads to neuroinflammation and inhibits remyelination; therefore, it is crucial to promptly remove the myelin debris. Initially, Fc and complement receptors on cellular surfaces were the primary clearance receptors responsible for removing myelin debris. However, subsequent studies have unveiled the involvement of additional …

An Association of Chitinase-3 Like-Protein-1 With Neuronal Deterioration in Multiple Sclerosis.

Elevated levels of Chitinase-3-like protein-1 (CHI3L1) in cerebrospinal fluid have previously been linked to inflammatory activity and disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This study aimed to investigate the presence of CHI3L1 in the brains of MS patients and in the cuprizone model in mice (CPZ), a model of toxic/metabolic demyelination and remyelination in different brain areas. In MS gray matter (GM), CHI3L1 was detected primarily in astrocytes and in a subset of pyramidal neurons. In neurons, CHI3L1 immunopositivity was associated with lipofuscin-like substance accumulat…

Neurotropin® accelerates peripheral nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve crush injury model.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral nerve injuries are common and serious conditions. The effect of Neurotropin® (NTP), a nonprotein extract derived from … function at 2 weeks, and of sensory function, nerve conduction velocity, terminal latency, and axon-remyelination 4 weeks after sciatic nerve injury. In the gene expression assessment, insulin-like growth factor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor expressions were increased in the injured sciatic nerve 2 days postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, NTP m …