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MRI abnormalities of the hippocampus and cavum septi pellucidi in females with schizotypal personality disorder.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined MRI hippocampal volume and cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) in female subjects with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) and comparison subjects. METHOD: MRI was performed on 20 SPD and 29 comparison subjects with delineation of left and right hippocampi. Number of slices containing the CSP was counted. Subjects were given a working memory task, the Delayed Alternation task and other measures of working memory including the Wechsler Memory Test-Revised and the California Verbal Learning Test. Clinical measures were derived from the SCID-II. RESULTS: SPD females ev…

Histamine H1-receptor blockade in humans affects psychomotor performance but not memory.

Results from recent animal studies suggest an important role for histamine in memory functioning. Histaminergic drugs might prove beneficial for people suffering from memory impairment. To determine if histamine is involved in memory functioning this study evaluates the effects of histaminergic dysfunction on memory performance by administrating a H1-antagonist to humans. The study was conducted according to a 4-way, double-blind, crossover design in 20 healthy female volunteers, aged 18-45 years. On each test day subjects completed three test sessions: before and around 2 and 4 h after admini

[Audiologic diagnosis in children. Applicability of different speech material].

The aim of our study was to establish bench-mark values for speech intelligibility in noise for children. We also considered which of the two dichotic discrimination tests, Feldmann's or Uttenweiler's, would be most suitable for use within this age group. We examined 102 children aged between 7 and 10 years (second year, primary school), with an average age of 8 years. After confirming normal hearing acuity (examination of the ear, tympanometry and audiogram), speech perception was tested. This was performed with and without noise using the Göttingen Audiometric Speech Test for Children II and

Lexical factors in the word-superiority effect.

In the Reicher-Wheeler paradigm, fluent readers can identify letters better when they appear in a word than when they appear in either a pronounceable pseudoword (a lexicality effect) or a single letter (a word-letter effect). It was predicted that if both of these effects involve a lexical factor, then adult acquired dyslexic subjects whose deficit prevents access to visual word form should show disruptions of the normal effects on the Reicher-Wheeler task. The results were that dyslexic subjects as well as matched control subjects showed a lexicality effect; however, while the control subjec

Primary dyscalculia after a medial frontal lesion of the left hemisphere.

A patient had an infarct in the territory of the left anterior cerebral artery, which destroyed the medial cortex of the frontal lobe, and presented with a picture of primary dyscalculia. Lexical and syntactic processing of verbal and arabic numbers and comprehension of operation symbols were intact, but retrieval of basic, over-learned facts was mildly impaired and execution of calculation procedures was more severely impaired. As the same type of procedure could be passed or sometimes failed it suggests a deficit of activation of the appropriate procedures. The location of the lesion was unu

Effects of delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on cognitive outcomes following acute use of cannabis for chronic pain.

RATIONALE: An estimated two-thirds of medical cannabis users in the United States are motivated by chronic pain, but clinical guidance remains guarded as to whether the potential benefit of cannabinoids for pain outweighs potential risks, such as effects on cognition. OBJECTIVES: In a study where participants experienced benefits of cannabinoids for pain and tension, we evaluated cannabis effects on executive function, processing speed, memory, and verbal learning following acute use for chronic, non-specific low back pain. METHODS: Participants were in one of three self-selected edible cann…

Feasibility and Validity of a Remotely Administered 30-Second Sit-to-Stand in People with Multiple Sclerosis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility and validity of the remotely administered 30-second Sit-to-Stand (30s STS) test as a measure of lowe … g speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test: r=0.34); and weakly associated with symptoms, mental status, verbal learning and memory (California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition), and physical activity in MS. CONCLUSIONS: The remotely administered 30s STS appears to be a feasible and valid measure of lower-extremity physical function in stable, relapse-free individ …

Субъективная когнитивная функция у людей с множественным склерозом: ассоциации с объективной когнитивной функцией, тревогой, депрессией и усталостью.

КОЛИЧЕСТВО: Когнитивное расстройство характерно для лиц с множественным склерозом (pwMS) и связано с снижением качества жизни, связанного со здоровьем. Показатели самоотчетности иногда используются для выявления когнитивных недостатков, однако связь между субъективной и объективной когнитивной функцией неясна. МЕТОДЫ: Мы проанализировали данные 345 PwMS, которые были использованы для двух объективных показателей когнитивного функционирования: тест символического дигита (SDMT), показатель скорости обработки, и Калифорнийский устный тест обучения II (CVLT-II), показатель устного обучения. Участн

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is common in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and is associated with reduced health-related quality o … ive functioning: Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), a measure of processing speed, and California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II), a measure of verbal learning. Participants also completed the computer adaptive testing version of Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QoL). Subjective cognitive function was assessed using the Neuro-QoL Cognitive Fun …

Assessment for learning of paediatric cardiology trainees in 41 centres from 19 European countries.

BACKGROUND: Limited data exist on how trainees in paediatric cardiology are assessed among countries affiliated with the Association of European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology. METHODS: A structured and approved questionnaire was circulated to educationalists/trainers in 95 Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology training centres. RESULTS: Trainers from 46 centres responded with complete data in 41 centres. Instructional design included bedside teaching (41/41), didactic teaching (38/41), problem-based learning (28/41), cardiac catheterisation calculations (34/41)

Cerebral blood flow changes in schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations during low-frequency rTMS treatment.

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are a prominent symptom of schizophrenia. Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (r … in clinical symptoms (e.g., positive symptoms and AVH) and certain neurocognitive functions (e.g., verbal learning and visual learning) following treatment. Furthermore, at baseline, the patients showed reductions in CBF in regions associated with language, sensory, and cognition compared to controls, primarily located in the prefrontal cortices (e.g., left infe …

Systematic Review: Nonverbal Learning Disability.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current state of the research literature on nonverbal learning disability (NVLD), including criteria used to define NVLD in research contexts and the quality of the extant research; and to determine what research can tell us about ways in which NVLD is distinct from DSM neurodevelopmental disorders and typical development. METHOD: A systematic search of 7 databases was conducted to identify research on NVLD published through February 2019. Criteria used to define NVLD were extracted from identified studies and sorted by category. Each study was assessed for risk of…

Associations of Lipid Levels and Cognition: Findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

OBJECTIVE: Hispanics/Latinos in the United States are less aware of their cholesterol levels and have a higher burden of associated adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes than non-Latino whites. Investigations of the associations between cholesterol levels and cognition in this population have often occurred within the context of metabolic syndrome and are limited to select lipids despite the fact that triglycerides (TGs) may be more relevant to the health of Hispanics/Latinos. METHODS: Baseline data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, collected from 2008 t

REM-Sleep Behavior Disorder in Patients With Essential Tremor: What Is Its Clinical Significance?

Objective: REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is an important risk factor for the dementia development and for the deterioration of autonomic … ents without RBD (ETRBD-), significantly reduced scores on memory domain tests such as Rey auditory verbal learning test immediate recall (p = 0.015) and Rey auditory verbal learning test delayed recall (p = 0.004) and phonemic fluency test (p = 0.028) were present in ETRBD+. By contrast, no other significant clinical difference has emerged from the comparison be …

Concordance of common data elements for assessment of subjective cognitive complaints after mild-traumatic brain injury: a TRACK-TBI Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine characteristics and concordance of subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) 6 months following mild-traumatic brain injury (mTBI) as assessed by two different TBI common data elements (CDEs). RESEARCH DESIGN: The Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK-TBI) Pilot Study was a prospective observational study that utilized the NIH TBI CDEs, Version 1.0. We examined variables associated with SCC, performance on objective cognitive tests (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, California Verbal Learning Test, and Trail Making Tests A and B), …

[Formula: see text]Parental ratings of daily behavior and child cognitive test performance after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury.

This study aimed to evaluate the degree to which the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and Child Behavior Checklist (C … ous factor scores were evaluated through regression analysis and contrasted with those of a test of verbal learning and memory.The results revealed that the BRIEF and the CBCL disagree about the presence vs. absence of impairment in about one quarter of cases. A prior history of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was associated with an increased like …

Neuroplasticity-based cognitive training in schizophrenia: an interim report on the effects 6 months later.

BACKGROUND: New cognitive treatments for schizophrenia are needed that drive persistent gains in cognition and functioning. Using an innovat … w-up. RESULTS: Both TCT subject groups showed significant durable gains at 6 months on measures of verbal learning/memory and cognitive control. Only TCT subjects who completed 100 hours of training showed durable gains on processing speed and global cognition, with nonsignificant improvement in functional outcome. Improved cognition was significantly associated …

Generative Hanging Out: Developing Engaged Practices for Health-Related Research1.

"Hanging out" with one's interlocutors generates ethnographic ways to creatively involve people in health care research. This special issue focusses on people who are difficult to engage in conventional research because they are not verbally fluent, such as people with dementia or learning disabilities, or who speak a language that the researcher does not understand. In this introduction I discuss how "Hanging out" shifts the goal-orientation of research practices toward relationships and settings. Hierarchies may be shifted to provide attractive possibilities for interlocutors to participate

Galactosemia.

Despite the dramatic response of sick neonates with galactosemia to the withdrawal of galactose from the diet, over the long-term, complications, including learning disorders, verbal apraxia, and ataxia, often develop. It is clear that, although lifelong galactose restriction remains the basis of treatment for this disease, additional treatment methods are needed. The neurologist familiar with galactosemia can assist in diagnosis of neonates presenting with central nervous system symptoms. Familiarity with the long-term neurologic consequences of galactosemia can help the neurologist assist th

When work isn't fun: how to endure the unenjoyable.

1. Learning to expect and adapt to unpleasant tasks and to cope with difficult days is important for satisfactory adjustment in nursing. 2. Feelings of unhappiness with work may be related to either internal or external events, such as low self-esteem or a verbal attack by a colleague. 3. An attitude of enjoyment enhances not only personal feelings of well-being but also promotes physical health both in the nurse and her patients. 4. The use of humor, focusing on the positive, talking about unenjoyable tasks, and concentrating on bringing happiness to others all help to promote a feeling of en

Exploring the social origins of attention and executive functions: A cultural perspective from parent-infant interactions.

Attention regulation is foundational to early development and underpins the emergence of executive function. The present study draws on the Learning by Observing and Pitching In framework to investigate how Bangladeshi parents in a resource-constrained urban community scaffold infants' attention and emerging executive function. To contextualize Bangladeshi parent-infant interactions, we included a descriptive comparison with families of mid-socioeconomic status from Boston, United States. We coded parent-infant interactions at 12 months along two dimensions of parental scaffolding (modality: e