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Chronic Abdominal Pain in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Remission: A Continuing Challenge for Clinicians.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. It is characterized by a relapsing and remitting pattern that negatively impacts quality of life (QoL). Current goals of treatment involve symptomatic, biochemical, and endoscopic remission in a treat-to-target approach. Despite effective treatment and remission of IBD, many patients report frequent and isolated abdominal pain. A wide range of etiologies exist, including surgery-related, infections, pelvic conditions, immune-related, and systemic illnesses. Disorders of the gut-brain i

Cerebral microbleeds in vascular dementia from clinical aspects to host-microbial interaction.

Vascular dementia is the second leading cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease in the elderly population worldwide. Cerebral microbleed … e approach to figure out the etiology of CMBs through the "microbe-brain-oral axis" and "microbiome-brain-gut axis." Finally, we propose novel concepts, "microvascular matrisome" and "imbalanced proteostasis," which may provide better perspectives for elucidating the pathophysiology of CMBs and future development of therapeutics for vascular dementia using CMBs …

[The new guideline on irritable bowel syndrome: what is new?].

IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME: WHAT IS NEW?:  The following refers only to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in adults. The new guideline includes a separate section on IBS for paediatric patients. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) presents as a heterogeneous picture with chronic abdominal complaints related to the bowel. These are usually accompanied by changes in bowel movements and lead to impaired quality of life. The genesis is multifactorial and there are complex underlying pathophysiological mechanisms associated with IBS. Thus, disturbances in various components of the gut-brain axis and the incr

Narrative review on potential role of gut microbiota in certain substance addiction.

As a neuropsychiatric disorder, substance addiction represents a major public health issue with high prevalence and mortality in many countries. Recently, gut microbiota has been certified to play a part in substance addiction through various mechanisms. Hence, we mainly focused on three substance including alcohol, cocaine and methamphetamine in this review, and summarized their relationships with gut microbiota, respectively. Besides, we also concluded the possible treatments for substance addiction from the perspective of applying gut microbiota. This review aims to build a bridge between s

Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBI) Symptoms and Response to Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy in Patients With Achalasia.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In patients with achalasia, we hypothesized that visceral hypersensitivity arising from concomitant disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) may influence clinical presentation and response to therapy. Thus, in patients with achalasia, we assessed the clinical manifestations and response to peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) as well as the association with concomitant DGBI. METHODS: In 52 consecutive patients with achalasia who underwent POEM, we assessed gastrointestinal (esophageal and nonesophageal) and extraintestinal symptoms utilizing the Structured Assessment of Ga

A multifaceted ecological approach to explore links between environmental factors and the epidemiology of disorders of gut-brain interaction.

BACKGROUND: Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) are characterized by debilitating symptoms not explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities. While functional conditions present with complex, likely heterogeneous pathophysiology, we aimed to investigate if proxy measures of sociocultural and environmental factors are associated with the prevalence of various DGBI in populations across the world. METHODS: We performed an ecological study utilizing peer-reviewed published datasets reporting for 26 countries prevalence rates of DGBI (Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study, RFGES)

New therapeutic avenues in multiple sclerosis: Is there a place for gut microbiota-based treatments?

The bidirectional interaction between the gut and the central nervous system (CNS), the so-called gut microbiota-brain axis, is reported to influence brain functions, thus having a potential impact on the development or the progression of several neurodegenerative disorders. Within this context, it has been documented that multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative disease of the CNS, is associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, including constipation, dysphagia, and faecal incontinence. Moreover, some evidence suggests the existence of an altere

Роль Гут Микробиота в неврологических, психиатрических и неевроразвитых расстройствах.

АИМ: Эта статья направлена на изучение роли человеческого кишечного микробиота (ГМ) в патогенезе неврологических, психиатрических и нейроразвитых расстройств, с уделением особого внимания его влиянию на здоровье и болезни и изучением потенциальных терапевтических стратегий, ориентированных на модификацию ГМ. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Предусмотрен всеобъемлющий анализ состава кишечного микробиота и его взаимодействия с человеческим телом, в частности его роли в неврологических и психиатрических условиях. В обзоре обсуждаются факторы, влияющие на состав ГМ, включая родовой режим, грудное вскармливание

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… Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain-Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders Front. Psychiatry 2018 9 44 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00044 29593576 PMC5859128 158. Clapp M. Aurora N. Herrera L. Bhatia M. Wilen E. Wakefield S. Gut Microbiota’s Effect on Mental Health: The Gut-Brain Axis Clin. …

Do the Bugs in Your Gut Eat Your Memories? Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Alzheimer's Disease.

The human microbiota is composed of trillions of microbial cells inhabiting the oral cavity, skin, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, airways, and reproductive organs. The gut microbiota is composed of dynamic communities of microorganisms that communicate bidirectionally with the brain via cytokines, neurotransmitters, hormones, and secondary metabolites, known as the gut microbiota-brain axis. The gut microbiota-brain axis is suspected to be involved in the development of neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, and Autism Spectrum Disorder. AD is an irrevers

Glycosylation in gut-brain communication: from the intestinal barrier and microbiota to immune and neural signaling.

The gut-brain axis is a complex bidirectional communication network linking the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system. Its dysregulation is closely associated with a wide range of gastrointestinal, metabolic, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Glycosylation, one of the most prevalent and structurally diverse post-translational modifications of proteins and lipids, is increasingly recognized as a regulator of multiple processes within the gut-brain axis. In this review, we summarize evidence that glycosylation influences several steps of gut-brain communication, including intestina

Gut Microbiota at the Intersection of Alcohol, Brain, and the Liver.

Over the last decade, increased research into the cognizance of the gut-liver-brain axis in medicine has yielded powerful evidence suggesting a strong association between alcoholic liver diseases (ALD) and the brain, including hepatic encephalopathy or other similar brain disorders. In the gut-brain axis, chronic, alcohol-drinking-induced, low-grade systemic inflammation is suggested to be the main pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunctions in patients with ALD. However, the role of gut microbiota and its metabolites have remained unclear. Eubiosis of the gut microbiome is crucial as dysbiosis

Chronic kidney disease and cognitive impairment: The role of diet and gut microbiota.

Several important milestones have been achieved in recent years in the area of slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Consequently, additional facets of reducing quality of life (QoL) in CKD patients have emerged, including progressive cognitive impairment (CI) in up to 50% of patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiome dysregulation may promote CI in a paradigm of kidney-brain-gut axis. Systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, uremic toxins and increased intestinal permeability ("leaky gut") are key components of the kidney-brain-gut axis dysfunction. Correc…

Gut microbiota as a novel therapeutic target for eating disorders and obesity.

The gut-brain axis constitutes a bidirectional communication network linking the intestinal microbiota and the central nervous system. Through this communication axis, the gut microbiota exerts a major influence on food intake under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Exposure to a Western diet has been associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, leading to profound changes in the gut-brain axis and promoting compulsive-like eating patterns. Alterations in the gut microbiota influence brain activity via multiple routes, including activation of vagal afferents, modulation of s

Gut Microbiota and Autism: Unlocking Connections.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental condition in which genetic predisposition interacts with environmental factors. Among these, the gut microbiota has emerged as a crucial modulator of the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA), influencing neuroinflammation, neurotransmission, and behavior. This review aims to provide an updated and integrative overview of the relationship between gut microbiota, diet, and neurodevelopment in ASD. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published between 2010 and

Role of gut microbiota in regulating immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant, invasive, and poorly prognosed brain tumor. Unfortunately, active comprehensive treatment does not significantly prolong patient survival. With the deepening of research, it has been found that gut microbiota plays a certain role in GBM, and can directly or indirectly affect the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in various ways. (1) The metabolites produced by gut microbiota directly affect the host's immune homeostasis, and these metabolites can affect the function and distribution of immune cells, promote or inhibit inflammatory respons

Glucose metabolism, gut-brain hormones, and acromegaly treatment: an explorative single centre descriptive analysis.

PURPOSE: Active acromegaly is associated with impaired glucose metabolism, which improves upon treatment. Treatment options include surgery, medical therapy with somatostatin analogues (SSA) and Pegvisomant (PEG), and irradiation. The objective of the study was to describe the differential effect of various treatment regimens on the secretion of glucose, insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in patients with acromegaly. METHODS: 23 surgically treated, non-diabetic patients with acromegaly and 12 healthy controls underwent an

Overlap of Structural Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children With Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction.

BACKGROUND: Disorders of gut-brain interactions (DGBI) are increasingly prevalent in children and adults and can significantly impact quality of life starting in childhood and extending into adulthood. DGBI encompass a range of gastrointestinal symptoms in the absence of identifiable structural etiologies with biopsychosocial implications. Ongoing research efforts aim to understand the etiology and pathophysiology of DGBI, with disruptions of the gut-brain axis leading to visceral hypersensitivity and hypervigilance believed to be involved in symptom manifestation. Currently, there are 17 pedi

Sleep, Stress, Circadian Rhythm, and Diet in Pediatric Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction: A Narrative Review.

Pediatric disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs) comprise chronic or recurrent symptom-based gastrointestinal conditions that cannot be fully explained by identifiable structural, biochemical, or organic abnormalities after appropriate clinical evaluation. The term DGBI is used throughout this review in accordance with current terminology, whereas the historical term "functional gastrointestinal disorders" (FGIDs) is retained only when referring to studies that used earlier Rome classifications. This review examines the impact of four modifiable factors-sleep, psychological stress, circadi

Exploring causal gut-brain axes in Alzheimer's disease using mediation Mendelian randomization analysis.

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition with unclear etiology. Recent studies suggest gut microbiota may be involved in AD pathogenesis through imbalances that increase intestinal permeability, affect blood-brain barrier function, and promote neuroinflammation. However, observational studies are susceptible to confounding biases and reverse causality.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore causal relationships between gut microbiota, brain imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs), and AD using mediation Mendelian randomization analysis to identify specific gut-bra

Sex Differences, Menses-Related Symptoms and Menopause in Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction.

BACKGROUND: Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) predominate in women, but little is known about sex differences in menses-related or menopause symptoms. METHODS: Using data from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Survey, we assessed Rome IV DGBI symptoms in individuals in 26 countries who met criteria for ≥ 1 of 5 DGBI: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia (FD), functional constipation (FC), functional diarrhea (FDr), or functional bloating (FB). Participants included pre- and post-menopausal women with DGBI and age-matched men. Odds ratios estimated sex and age dif