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Race, ethnicity, and language are underreported in hip fracture CPGs.

INTRODUCTION: Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) are systematically developed recommendations based on peer-reviewed literature that guide … cted included: title, author, publication year, inclusion/exclusion criteria, country/ies of study, language of study, patient language, race and ethnicity, patient language proficiency, outcome measures utilized, translation or cultural-adaptation of outcome measures, and clinical trial registration page. The extracted variables were reported descriptivel …

Unraveling the contribution of executive functions to language impairment in ALS.

Objectives: This study aims to unravel the association between language deficits and executive functions in non-demented amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients by means of 1) assessing the executive determinants of language impairment (LI) and 2) simultaneously testing the effects of both executive and language performances on phonemic verbal fluency (PVF) deficits. Methods: N = 299 non-demented ALS patients underwent the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (ECAS), being also assessed for behavioral/psychiatric and motor-functional features. Two sets of logistic models were run…

A Kazakh language Dataset of Lip Movements for Command Recognition.

Lip reading systems determine the content of speech based on the visual tracking of lips of the speaker and therefore serve to offer communicative substitutes when acoustic information is not available in the environment. The training of strong lip reading models requires acquisition of specialised corpora that not only characterise the linguistic variability but also visual articulatory variability. In the given work, we introduce a new visual corpus which is specific to Kazakh lip reading. The corpus contains a collection of 102 nouns taking place most commonly in the Kazakh language with sp…

Dynamic neuroplasticity of language networks: The intersection of bilingualism and epilepsy.

Are bilingual language networks flexible enough to dynamically adapt to neurological insult? We examined language lateralization in 24 bilingual and 46 monolingual adults with temporal lobe epilepsy using functional MRI. In a group of primarily early sequential bilingual patients, the first acquired language (L1) showed more bilateral lateralization than in monolingual patients, with no effect of seizure onset laterality. In contrast, the second-acquired language (L2) was more bilateral in the presence of left hemisphere epilepsy and more left-lateralized in right hemisphere epilepsy. Most not…

The effect of venlafaxine on language function in patients with subcortical aphasia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of venlafaxine on the recovery of language function in patients with subcortical aphasia by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical drug treatment in patients with subcortical aphasia. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with subcortical aphasia after acute stroke were randomly divided into a venlafaxine group and a control group, with 16 patients in each group. Behavioral assessments of speech function and fMRI were performed three times at 3 ± 2 days (V1), 30 ± 7 days (V2), and 90 ± 7 days (V3) after sy…

Language and Pretend Actions Understanding in Children with Hearing Loss.

Children born deaf to hearing parents may be delayed in their social-cognitive development due to their challenges in acquiring linguistic and communicative skills. The present study aims to determine whether this relates to their understanding of pretend actions and how this helps us understand the influence of language on children's social cognition. A total of 166 children (75 nonsigning deaf and hard of hearing and 91 hearing), aged from 3 to 8 years, were administered an expressive vocabulary task, a pretend actions task, and a nonverbal ability test, while their teachers or speech therap…

Protocol for data collection on the language of poor students in Malaysia.

Poverty is defined as the lack of financial resources to meet basic needs, including insufficient goods, poor physical health, inadequate food and clothing, the absence of proper housing, and the lack of employment that provides a stable income. This deprivation affects the educational development of students from impoverished backgrounds. To identify and analyze data on extremely poor students, a protocol was developed. This protocol is named the Protocol for Data Collection on the Language of Poor Students in Malaysia. It is divided into three main phases and nine steps to facilitate the dat…

The clinical and genetic spectrum of paediatric speech and language disorders.

Speech and language disorders are known to have a substantial genetic contribution. Although frequently examined as components of other conditions, research on the genetic basis of linguistic differences as separate phenotypic subgroups has been limited so far. Here, we performed an in-depth characterization of speech and language disorders in 52 143 individuals, reconstructing clinical histories using a large-scale data-mining approach of the electronic medical records from an entire large paediatric healthcare network. The reported frequency of these disorders was the highest between 2 and 5…

Genomic Insights Into Developmental Language Disorders: Biomarkers and Their Interactions.

BACKGROUND: Developmental language disorders (DLDs) are common neurodevelopmental conditions, affecting approximately 7-10% of children, with significant impacts on communication, academic achievement, and social integration. While genetic factors are known contributors, the underlying genomic architecture and biological pathways remain incompletely understood. This analysis explores key genomic biomarkers of DLD and investigates their functional interactions. METHODS: We conducted an integrative genomic analysis combining multiple data-driven approaches. Using the Open Targets platform, we c…

The White Matter Connectome Supporting Speech and Language in the Human.

The neurobiology of language has moved beyond the classical dorsal-ventral dichotomy to embrace a more complex, distributed, and dynamic white matter connectome. This special issue, The White Matter Connectome Supporting Speech and Language in the Human, presents 10 empirical studies that leverage traditional and advanced diffusion modeling and analyses-including Restriction Spectrum Imaging, fixel-based analysis, and network control theory-to map this complexity. The contributions are organized into three themes: developmental plasticity, lateralization, and clinical resilience. Findings rang…

Talk the Talk: The Role of Primary Language in Velopharyngeal Insufficiency.

Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) may occur after primary cleft palate repair. The contributory role of language to VPI is unknown. This study seeks to determine the incidence of VPI in Spanish-speaking versus English-speaking patients after cleft palate repair and evaluate patient-reported speech outcomes. Patients from the Texas Cleft-Craniofacial Team at UTHealth who had primary cleft palate repair from 2004 to 2019 were identified and divided into primary language groups: English (EN) or Spanish (SP). A retrospective analysis of VPI incidence and a prospective patient-reported survey of s…

Характеристика расширенной языковой сети у людей с множественным склерозом.

СВЯЗЬ: Лингвистическая дисфункция все чаще признается в качестве широко распространенной и ранее затронутой когнитивной области у лиц с множественным склерозом (МС). ЦЕЛИ: Разработка сетевой модели лингвистической дисфункции в РС. МЕТОДЫ: Когнитивные данные и 3T структурное и функциональное магнитно-резонансное изображение головного мозга (MRI) были получены у 54 пациентов MS и 54 отвечающих требованиям контроля за состоянием здоровья (HC). Были рассчитаны сводные показатели (предназначенность, сегрегация, взаимозависимость, внутреннюю связь) расширенной языковой сети (ЭЛН) и были получены пок

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Language dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a prevalent and early affected cognitive domain in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVES: To establish a network-level model of language dysfunction in MS. METHODS: Cognitive data and 3T structural and functional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were acquired from 54 MS pat…

The Articulatory and Acoustic Representation of Second-Language French Vowels.

This study examines how L1 English-L2 French learners use L1 articulatory and acoustic categories to produce L2 vowels that are both similar to and different from their L1 vowels. Previous studies examining the relationship between L1 and L2 sound inventories have found that learners reuse L1 phone categories to produce L2 phones that are perceived as similar, but importantly, there is a lack of articulatory data included in these types of studies, which has reinforced the assumption that vowel categories can be solely represented by their acoustic properties. The present study uses ultrasound

Contribution of the language network to the comprehension of Python programming code.

Does the perisylvian language network contribute to comprehension of programming languages, like Python? Univariate neuroimaging studies find high responses to code in fronto-parietal executive areas but not in fronto-temporal language areas, suggesting the language network does little. We used multivariate-pattern-analysis to test whether the language network encodes Python functions. Python programmers read functions while undergoing fMRI. A linear SVM decoded for-loops from if-conditionals based on activity in lateral temporal (LT) language cortex. In searchlight analysis, decoding accuracy…

A cross-language speech model for detection of Parkinson's disease.

Speech change is a biometric marker for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, evaluating speech variability across diverse languages is challenging. We aimed to develop a cross-language algorithm differentiating between PD patients and healthy controls using a Taiwanese and Korean speech data set. We recruited 299 healthy controls and 347 patients with PD from Taiwan and Korea. Participants with PD underwent smartphone-based speech recordings during the "on" phase. Each Korean participant performed various speech texts, while the Taiwanese participant read a standardized, fixed-length article. Ko…

Language aptitude is related to the anatomy of the transverse temporal gyri.

Why is it that some people seem to learn new languages faster and more easily than others? The present study investigates the neuroanatomical basis of language learning aptitude, with a focus on the multiplication pattern of the transverse temporal gyrus/gyri (TTG/TTGs) of the auditory cortex. The size and multiplication pattern of the first TTG (i.e., Heschl's gyrus; HG) and of additional posterior TTGs, when present, are highly variable both between brain hemispheres and individuals. Previous work has shown the multiplication pattern of the TTGs to be related to musical and linguistic abilit…

Large Language Models in Oncology: Revolution or Cause for Concern?

The technological capability of artificial intelligence (AI) continues to advance with great strength. Recently, the release of large language models has taken the world by storm with concurrent excitement and concern. As a consequence of their impressive ability and versatility, their provide a potential opportunity for implementation in oncology. Areas of possible application include supporting clinical decision making, education, and contributing to cancer research. Despite the promises that these novel systems can offer, several limitations and barriers challenge their implementation. It i…

Language and Meaning: Asymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease in the Clinic and Society.

As the biological, biomarker-driven framework of Alzheimer's disease (AD) becomes formalized through revised, consensus clinical criteria, clinicians will confront more and more patients in the earliest, asymptomatic stages of disease. The language and diction used by practitioners to characterize these early patients, whether they are diagnosed with AD, and how their condition is documented in medical and legal records have important implications for both their care and their medical-legal status outside of the health system. Investigation is needed urgently to better understand clinicians' v…

Ethical and regulatory challenges of large language models in medicine.

With the rapid growth of interest in and use of large language models (LLMs) across various industries, we are facing some crucial and profound ethical concerns, especially in the medical field. The unique technical architecture and purported emergent abilities of LLMs differentiate them substantially from other artificial intelligence (AI) models and natural language processing techniques used, necessitating a nuanced understanding of LLM ethics. In this Viewpoint, we highlight ethical concerns stemming from the perspectives of users, developers, and regulators, notably focusing on data priva…