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TAAR5 Modulates Sensorimotor Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe pathological condition resulting in persistent motor and sensory impairments. The trace amine-associated receptor 5 (TAAR5) is a potential modulator of central nervous system functions; however, its role in CNS repair remains poorly understood. Methods: We comprehensively evaluated the effect of TAAR5 gene knockout on functional recovery following lateral spinal cord hemisection in TAAR5-KO and wild-type (WT) male mice. Sensorimotor recovery after SCI was assessed using the horizontal ladder, grasp, and hindlimb mobility tests. Exploratory and a…

Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring During Spinal Cord Tumor Surgery.

Intramedullary spinal cord tumor surgery has evolved through major technological advances. From early attempts in the 19th century to modern methods, innovations like the operative microscope, bipolar coagulation, and MRI have transformed practice. The introduction in the 1980s of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring enabled real-time spinal cord functions assessment through the application of monitoring techniques. In this article, we will review the state of the art of the different techniques, the alarm criteria and related recovery strategies, current controversies and future consi…

Charting Cervical Spinal Cord Morphometry Across the Lifespan.

Spinal cord morphometry provides essential biomarkers of neurological health, but clinical interpretations are confounded by inter-subject variability and a lack of normative references across the full human lifespan. We address this gap by generating the first comprehensive lifespan charts for cervical spinal cord morphometry. We leveraged 30 population-based brain MRI datasets, aggregating 78,269 scans from 41,042 individuals (ages 0-100) whose imaging protocols included cervical cord coverage. To overcome contrast variability, we employed a state-of-the-art contrast-agnostic deep learning s…

Spinal cord herniation following cervical laminoplasty: illustrative case.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative spinal cord herniation (SCH) is an exceptionally rare but serious delayed complication of cervical decompressive surgery, resulting from a dorsal dural defect associated with pseudomeningocele formation. The authors report the case of a 73-year-old man who developed quadriparesis 6 years after C3-6 laminoplasty for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. OBSERVATIONS: MRI demonstrated dorsal herniation of the spinal cord through a dural defect into a cystic lesion consistent with a postoperative pseudomeningocele at C4. Reexploration via a posterior midl…

Current and emergent therapies targeting spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious condition characterized by high rates of disability. The complexities of SCI repair arise from intricate pathological mechanisms and the challenges of neural regeneration within the central nervous system. In recent decades, researchers have sought to fully understand these mechanisms and develop effective strategies for promoting axon regeneration and reconstructing neural circuits, though outcomes have often fallen short. Surgical techniques have evolved considerably, with options such as early surgical decompression, effective bony decompression, and ex…

Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions.

Intramedullary spinal cord tumors are rare neoplasms that can result in significant patient morbidity and mortality. Symptom onset is often insidious and not specific; thus, imaging is imperative for accurate diagnosis and localization of these tumors. Radiologists should be familiar with the key MR imaging features of common and unusual intramedullary tumors, in order to identify the most likely diagnosis or at a minimum develop an accurate differential diagnosis as this in turn will guide management.

International Spinal Cord Injury Survey: The Way Forward.

The second International Spinal Cord Injury (InSCI) community survey-a cross-sectional, multinational, observational cohort study-was conducted from 2022 to2024 in 31 countries, representing all 6 of the World Health Organization regions. The survey has produced a wealth of data, both about basic medical issues but also about the lived experience of spinal cord injury/disease (SCI/D). The InSCI survey is part of a larger project known as the Learning Health System for SCI Initiative and utilizes a 360° approach designed to collect information about all aspects of the experience of SCI/D and en…

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome With Spinal Cord Involvement.

INTRODUCTION: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) results from the failure of cerebrovascular autoregulation with subsequent extravasation of intravascular fluid into the cerebral interstitial space. PRES may rarely affect the spinal cord, termed PRES with spinal cord involvement (PRES-SCI). CASE REPORT: A 34-year-old woman with untreated treated systemic lupus with lupus nephritis presented with altered mental status, blurred vision, and seizures. Initial blood pressure was 189/120 mm Hg. The neurological exam was notable for encephalopathy, but otherwise there were no focal …

Spinal Cord Tract Integrity in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is the most common cause of spinal dysfunction globally. Despite surgical intervention, motor dysfunction may persist in many patients. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively examine specific spinal cord tract changes in patients with DCM, to better understand potential substrates for compensatory recovery of function. METHODS: Cervical spinal cord MRI scans with diffusion tensor imaging were performed in patients with DCM and in healthy volunteers. Spinal Cord Toolbox was used to register the PAM50 template, which in…

Spinal Cord Stimulation: Neuromodulation for Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Personnel.

Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has emerged as a transformative tool in spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) procedures, enabling precise lead placement under general anesthesia. It also addresses the safety aspect of placement in an asleep patient while also mitigating the challenges of traditional awake techniques. This paper outlines the protocols and benefits of IONM, with a focus on electromyography (EMG) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) for real-time guidance during thoracic, cervical, and DRG stimulator placement. It explores how IONM optimizes my…

Natural History of Metameric Spinal Cord Arteriovenous Malformations.

BACKGROUND: Spinal arteriovenous metameric syndrome (SAMS) is a rare form of spinal cord arteriovenous malformations with a metameric distribution affecting the spinal cord and related structures derived from the same embryological segment. Its natural history and impact on clinical outcomes, compared with nonmetameric spinal cord arteriovenous malformations, remain unclear. METHODS: This retrospective, single-center study included 253 patients with intradural spinal cord arteriovenous malformations between 2002 and 2024, that have either not been considered for embolization or followed up du…

Gastric carcinoma leading to metastatic spinal cord compression.

Gastric cancer is described as a malignancy occurring in the region between the gastroesophageal junction and the pylorus. According to the histology, majority of gastric cancers are classified as adenocarcinomas. The prevalence of bone metastasis in the general population is 2-3%. Here, an unusual case of a 73-year-old male is discussed who presented on September 10, 2023, with symptoms of lower back pain and bowel and urinary incontinence. His MRI results showed mild indentation along with nerve impingement and hypertrophied ligamentum flavum at the level of L5/S1. Within D11 and D12 vertebr

Spinal Cord Infarction Presenting with Abnormal F Waves.

A 42-year-old female presented with acute onset of asymmetric lower extremity weakness, bilateral lower extremity areflexia and sensory loss, and urinary incontinence. Initial investigation with a spine MRI for a spinal cord process was negative, leading to further investigation with nerve conduction studies/electromyography (NCS/EMG). This revealed absent F waves bilaterally in the fibular nerves, and there was only one isolated F wave with decreased amplitude and increased latency in the left tibial nerve and had lack of heterogeneity in the right tibial nerve. Given the early presentation o…

Спинал Корд Аномалии в раннем педиатрии Множественный Склероз.

Повреждения спинного мозга и атрофия в шейной области широко распространены во взрослом множестве склероза (MS) и коррелируют с инвалидностью. О том, происходят ли аналогичные аномалии у пациентов педиатрической системы MS, практически ничего не известно. Клинические и МРТ-оценки были проведены у 38 пациентов педиатрии MS и 13 здоровых методов контроля (HC). Никаких существенных различий между пациентами, страдающими синдромом MS и HC, и пациентами, страдающими от повреждений и без них, выявлено не было. Пациенты, страдающие повреждениями, продемонстрировали повышенный объем пуповины, которая

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Spinal cord lesions and atrophy in the cervical region are common in adult multiple sclerosis (MS) and correlate with disability. Whether similar abnormalities occur in pediatric MS patients is largely unknown. Clinical and MRI evaluations were performed in 38 pediatric MS patients and 13 healthy controls (HC). No significant differences in upper cervical co…

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and spinal cord stimulator implantation.

INTRODUCTION: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most dreaded complications after spinal cord stimulation (SCS) implantation surgery. As a result, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has been proposed to avoid accidental damage to nervous structures under anesthesia and confirm positioning for optimal stimulation. Our study uses a large administrative claims database to determine the 30-day risk of SCI after SCS implantation. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used the IBM MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental Databases from 2016 to 2019. Adult patients und…