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Seed dormancy and germination of three Corydalis species, disjunct relict species in East Asia.

Disjunct congeneric species are common in the temperate flora of Europe, East Asia and eastern North America. However, it is unclear whether the kind of seed dormancy is maintained after divergence. This study aimed to determine the type of seed dormancy of three Corydalis species native to Korea and examine whether the dormancy trait has been conserved after long-term separation. We examined embryo growth and germination characteristics of C. remota, C. incisa and C. speciosa through phenology experiments, controlled temperature experiments, stratification treatments and GA3 application. All …

Integration of Cardiovascular Disease Services within Primary Health Care Systems: Insights from South Asia.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review assesses progress towards integrating cardiovascular disease (CVD) services within primary health care (PHC) systems in South Asia. The review examines the policy landscape, existing implementation efforts, barriers and enablers to integrated care, and the impacts of these approaches on health and health service outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS: National policies widely prioritise integration in response to rising non-communicable disease burdens, but implementation remains uneven across countries. Our findings illustrate that both national programmes and smaller pilot…

Intraocular foreign bodies in Asia: insights from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study.

BACKGROUND: Intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) constitute a significant public health concern that hinders the accumulation of human capital in countries in Asia. This research aims to identify and project the time trend of the IOFB disease burden in Asia to 2035. METHODS: We utilised data collected from the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) query tool. Time Trends of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and incidence of IOFBs were calculated. Age- and gender-specific disease burden of IOFBs in 2019 was also analysed. A Bayesian age-period cohort (BAPC) model with integrated nested Laplace…

Anemia burden in tuberculosis patients across Southeast Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Anemia represents a significant comorbidity in tuberculosis (TB) patients, affecting treatment outcomes and mortality. Despite Southeast Asia accounting for 46% of global TB cases, no comprehensive regional synthesis of anemia burden exists, limiting evidence-based policy development. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of anemia among tuberculosis patients across Southeast Asia and to examine variations in prevalence by geographic, demographic, and clinical characteristics. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and …

Proton Pump Inhibitors Prescribing Behaviors and Rationalization Strategies Among Healthcare Providers in Southeast Asia.

Despite widespread use, real-world evidence regarding proton pump inhibitor (PPI) prescribing and rationalization practices in Southeast Asia (SEA) remains limited; therefore, we aimed to characterize current prescribing behaviors and rationalization strategies among healthcare professionals in the region. The SEA PPI Rationalisation Working Group developed and disseminated an online questionnaire via professional networks across SEA to collect data on respondent demographics, PPI prescribing practices, and rationalization approaches; instrument reliability testing produced a Cronbach's α of 0…

Outcomes of nonagenarians undergoing hip fracture surgery: a multicentre observational study across Asia-Oceana.

BACKGROUND: Nonagenarians with hip fracture represent a rapidly growing, highly vulnerable subgroup, yet comparative data across diverse health‑care systems in Asia‑Oceania are scarce. We aimed to describe mortality, postoperative complications, and perioperative care patterns in nonagenarians undergoing hip fracture surgery in Australia and Malaysia, and to explore associations between key perioperative factors and mortality. METHODS: We conducted a binational, retrospective, multicentre observational study of consecutive nonagenarians (aged ≥ 90 to < 100 years) who underwent surgery for unil…

Changing genetic profiles of Plasmodium falciparum piperaquine resistance in Southeast Asia over 25 years.

Piperaquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum has emerged in Southeast Asia and is strongly associated with mutations in the pfcrt gene and amplification of pfplasmepsin2/3. This study assessed the frequency of pfcrt mutations and pfplasmepsin2/3 gene amplifications across Southeast Asia over 25 years, which is critical for tracking resistant parasites. A total of 898 P. falciparum isolates collected from Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam between 1995 and 2023 were analyzed for pfcrt mutations, pfplasmepsin2 copy number, and microsatellite variation around the pfcrt locus. Durin…

Early hominin arrival in Southeast Asia triggered the evolution of major human malaria vectors.

Some species of the Leucosphyrus Group of Anopheles mosquitoes in Southeast Asia are highly anthropophilic and efficient vectors of human malaria parasites, while others primarily feed on non-human primates (NHP) and transmit NHP malaria parasites. The evolutionary history of this group, particularly the origin of anthropophily, was studied using phylogenomic analysis of 2,657 high-confidence nuclear single-copy orthologous genes and 13 mitochondrial protein coding genes from 40 individuals of 11 species. Molecular dating and ancestral state reconstruction revealed that monkey-feeding is ances…

Case Report: Primary epithelioid sarcoma of orbit: first case in Asia and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Epithelioid sarcoma is an exceedingly rare malignant soft tissue neoplasm with unclear histogenesis and distinctive epithelioid morphology. Primary epithelioid sarcoma of orbit represents an extremely rare clinical entity, with only isolated case reports documented globally. Notably, no formal, peer-reviewed case report of primary epithelioid sarcoma of orbit has been published in Asia to date. CASE PRESENTATION: A 25-year-old male patient presented with slowly progressive, painless proptosis of the left eye. Orbital MRI revealed an irregular mass in the superomedial extraconal sp…

Concerns about ancient DNA sequences reported from a Late Pleistocene individual from Southeast Asia.

In a 2022 Current Biology paper, Zhang et al.1 reported DNA sequences from an approximately 14-thousand-year-old female skeleton from Red Deer Cave referred to as 'Mengzi Ren' (MZR). MZR's data are the first DNA sequences reported from pre-Holocene Southeast Asia, revealing genetic affinities dissimilar to all previously published ancient DNA data. Here, we show extremely high error rates, an abnormal error distribution and evidence of contamination by modern human sequences in the published DNA sequences of MZR. Even ignoring these issues, we fail to replicate key population genetic findings …

Iron Deficiency Anaemia Screening and Management in Young Children: India and Southeast Asia Consensus.

Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) remains highly prevalent among children in India and many Southeast Asian countries. Experts in maternal and child health have developed a consensus on IDA in children. This consensus aims to improve awareness of IDA, provide recommendations on the screening and management of children at risk of IDA and offer insights into strategies to prevent IDA in children. The consensus was developed using the Delphi method, where eight primary expert members initially formulated questions on IDA screening and management based on a comprehensive literature review, followed by…

Standard Poster Abstracts for the 17th Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) Scientific Sessions

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… Conclusions: OT‐VA with a PB in the Asia population may not have a worse clinical outcome than previously reported in Western countries. The most common acute success site for ablation was RVOT, specifically anterior RVOT. …

Fungi dominate eukaryotic microbial assemblages in hot spring biofilms of East and Southeast Asia.

Terrestrial hot springs are globally distributed extreme environments, and these systems have long served as natural laboratories for studying microbial life under thermal stress. While much of the research to date has focused on thermophilic bacteria and archaea, there is a growing appreciation for the diversity and ecological significance of eukaryotic microorganisms in these habitats. In this study, we used metagenomic sequencing to assess inter-domain microbial diversity in biofilms from 47 circumneutral hot springs across East and Southeast Asia, with a specific focus on resolving eukaryo…

Deciphering the evolutionary landscape of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus across East Asia.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) poses a significant public health challenge in East Asia, necessitating a deeper understanding of its evolutionary dynamics to effectively manage its spread and pathogenicity. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the genetic diversity, recombination patterns, and selection pressures across the SFTSV genome, utilizing an extensive dataset of 2041 sequences from various hosts and regions up to November 2023. Employing maximum likelihood and Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees (BEAST), we elucidated the phylogenetic…

Variable Performance of D-dimer Testing by Hemostasis Laboratories: The Australasian/Asia-Pacific Experience.

D-dimers represent the breakdown products of fibrin. Thus, elevated plasma D-dimers will arise following a thrombotic event, such as a deep … esting in our geographic region, using recent data from the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Quality Assurance Programs, an international external quality assessment program, currently with over 450 participants in the D-dimer module. Data show a wide variety of assays in use and variable outcomes in reported numerical values when assessing …

Reproductive factors and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer: results from the Asia Cohort Consortium.

BACKGROUND: There are scarce data on risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in Asian populations. Our goal was to advance knowledge on reproductive -related risk factors for EOC in a large population of Asian women. METHODS: This study used pooled individual data from baseline questionnaires in 11 prospective cohorts (baseline years, 1958-2015) in the Asia Cohort Consortium. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting for age, parity and cohort. RESULTS: After a mean = 17.0 years (SD = 6.3) of fol…

Hijri Month Determination in Southeast Asia: An Illustration Between Religion, Science, and Cultural Background.

This paper investigates the procedure for determining the new Hijri Month between Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. It endeavours to understand the reason for dissimilarity in terms of practice between these four nations in commencing Hijri Month of Ramadan, Shawal, and Zulhijjah despite sharing the same lunar crescent visibility criterion. This study is conducted through the examination of literature with regards to regulations of the lunar crescent visibility criterion between these countries. The study finds out that the determination of the Hijri months, particularly Ramadan, Sha

Progress towards Measles and Rubella Elimination in the South-East Asia Region-2013-2023.

The South-East Asia (SEA) Region of the World Health Organization (WHO), through a Regional Committee resolution in 2013, adopted the goal of "measles elimination and rubella control by 2020". The goal was revised in 2019 to "measles and rubella elimination by 2023". Countries of the Region have made significant efforts to achieve the goal. Progress has been made in the Region, with five of the 11 countries of the Region having been verified for having eliminated measles and rubella. Surveillance and immunization program performance for measles and rubella has shown an improvement since 2013. …

Surge in Ceftriaxone-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428-Like Strains, Asia-Pacific Region, 2015-2022.

Ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428-like strains have disseminated across the Asia-Pacific region, with a continuous rise in prevalence during 2015-2022. To mitigate the effect of these strains, we advocate for enhanced molecular diagnostics, expanded surveillance networks, and a regionally coordinated effort to combat the global spread of FC428-like strains.