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North Carolina Mini Breeding Bird Survey: 27+ years of avian population data on a changing landscape, 1999-2025.

Long-term standardized surveys are the cornerstone of our ability to measure changes in populations. Throughout North America, the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) has been instrumental in documenting population changes on a broad scale. However, individual survey routes are often far apart, posing a challenge to assessing population dynamics at a fine spatial scale or to address responses to local land-use change. Community science efforts like eBird have helped to fill this gap by expanding spatial coverage, but the lack of standardized survey effort limits its suitability for evalu…

Why don't all birds lay early? Causes and consequences of breeding timing for a long-lived migratory seabird.

The relationship between earlier laying and higher breeding success is well-established in avian species. However, a wide distribution of breeding timings is often maintained within a population, and the causes and consequences of this variation require further exploration, particularly as many avian species advance breeding phenology in response to climate change. Using a 16-year dataset combining colony observations and biologging of Manx shearwaters (Puffinus puffinus), we show that earlier laying does not always result in higher breeding success, with later laying becoming less costly in r…

Monitoring Changes in Sperm Concentration and Quality Help Improve Captive Breeding Outcomes of the Endangered Amphibian Rawlinsonia littlejohni.

Amphibians are among the most threatened taxonomic groups, with many species experiencing rapid declines that have resulted in small, isolated populations vulnerable to inbreeding depression and reduced fertility. One major outcome of inbreeding is lowered fecundity, often linked to morphological changes in gametes. Littlejohn's tree frog (Rawlinsonia littlejohni; previously Litoria) is a threatened species requiring targeted conservation management. To increase population numbers and restore genetic diversity, a captive breeding program has been established. This study aimed to optimize the t…

Floral Anatomy, Sporogenesis, and Gametogenesis in the Rubber Dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz): Implications for Breeding and Crop Development.

Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TK), the rubber dandelion, is an emerging crop offering potential for sustainable natural rubber production independen … apomictic taxa. These newly described morphoanatomical details on reproductive aspects will inform breeding strategies and advance our understanding of pollination, fertilization, and seed development in TK.

Breeding phenology plasticity to climate revealed by automated monitoring of two Eudpytes penguin species across the sub-Antarctic.

The timing of breeding is a key component of a species' realised niche and has been shown to be flexible to environmental change. Using a network of time-lapse cameras around Patagonia and the sub-Antarctic, along with citizen science assisted AI data extraction, we demonstrate that semi-automated extraction of phenological parameters is feasible without extensive human presence at colonies. Our comparative analysis of two related penguin species across the Polar Front reveals shifts in breeding phenology linked to environmental variation. The Southern Rockhopper Penguin showed a potential con…

Breeding habitat characteristics of Saunders's Gull (Saundersilarus saundersi) in the Liao River Estuary National Nature Reserve using MaxEnt.

Conservation of breeding habitats is essential for sustaining populations of endangered waterbirds, yet quantitative links between breeding behavior and environmental drivers remain poorly understood. Saunders's Gull (Saundersilarus saundersi), a globally endangered species, has its largest breeding population in the Liao River Estuary National Nature Reserve (LRENNR), China. We integrated field survey data (53 sampling points, 24 environmental variables) with Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modeling and GIS analysis to identify suitable breeding habitats and key environmental drivers. Wet grassland …

Research and practice on shuttle breeding between Henan and Xinjiang based on elite cotton germplasm from China's mainland.

To address the bottleneck of a narrow genetic base and the difficulty of concurrently improving high yield and superior fiber quality in Xinjiang cotton, which has resulted from long-term reliance on local germplasm, this study introduced excellent germplasm resources from China's mainland. A total of 16 hybrid populations were developed by crossing these mainland resources with the superior Xinjiang cultivar Xinluzhong 51. Through shuttle breeding between Henan and Xinjiang (referred to as Yu-Jiang shuttle breeding) and multi-ecological alternating selection, the yield potential and stability…

Genomic evaluation and gene expression analysis of preimplantation embryos for enhancing cattle breeding and in vitro embryo production.

Genomic selection using genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping has been widely adopted for efficient breeding of cattle. Recent advances in DNA analysis technologies have enabled comprehensive SNP genotyping using a small number of cells. Implementation of a preimplantation genomic selection (PGS) system, wherein GEBVs are calculated from a limited number of embryonic cells, can further enhance breeding efficiency through the selective production of genetically superior animals by embryo transfer. In addition, the use of bovine embryo…

Dynamics of Antibiotic Resistance Gene Profiles in Captive Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii) Along a Breeding Duration Gradient.

BACKGROUND: To conserve wild populations and ensure a sustainable supply of musk, China initiated the captive breeding of forest musk deer. The temporal dynamics of gut antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles in captive forest musk deer along a breeding duration gradient remain poorly characterized. METHODS: In this study, we employed metagenomic sequencing to systematically characterize the profiles and potential mobility of ARGs. Samples were divided into short-term, medium-term and long-term groups according to breeding durations. RESULTS: A total of 331 ARG subtypes and 71 mobile genet…

Spatiotemporal trends of pelvic organ prolapse incidence in North American swine breeding herds and association with climatic factors.

Sow mortality in the U. S. has nearly doubled, rising from 5.68% in 1997 to 14.5% in 2022. Recent studies cite sudden death, prolapses, lame … OP incidence in the beta regression analysis. These findings highlight important patterns of POP in breeding herds, while offering valuable insights to help swine producers and veterinarians assess risk to sows and develop targeted mitigation strategies.

Genomic resources to advance seed coat color and patterning genetics and breeding in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

Seed coat color and patterning are key quality traits in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) that define market classes and strongly influen … gene pool classification in common bean. These markers enable rapid and precise allele tracking in breeding populations and germplasm collections, facilitating marker-assisted selection for market class-specific seed coat traits and accelerating genetic improvement.

Genetic identification and characterization of a locus controlling productive tiller number with breeding value in Chinese endemic wheat.

This study identified and validated novel PTN QTL and predicted corresponding candidate genes, providing a genetic basis for the improvement … t tiller development and offer reliable genomic targets and superior haplotypes for marker-assisted breeding.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Species Dynamics of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in Breeding Hens: Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization.

Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are commensal bacteria of poultry but also important opportunistic pathogens and key indicators for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance within a One Health framework. However, data on the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of enterococci in breeding hens remain limited despite their critical role in the poultry production pyramid. This study evaluated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and resistance genes of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from two commercial breeding hen farms in eastern Spain…

Evaluation of a commercial multiplex immunoassay for assessing uterine inflammation in mares susceptible to persistent breeding-induced endometritis.

Persistent breeding-induced endometritis (PBIE) is characterized by a prolonged and dysregulated uterine inflammatory response following breeding. Although inflammatory cytokines are central to the post-breeding immune response, their assessment in the equine uterus has historically relied largely on gene expression analyses. Multiplex immunoassays provide an opportunity to simultaneously quantify multiple cytokine proteins within uterine secretions; however, the application of equine-specific multiplex immunoassays utilizing the Luminex platform to low-volume uterine lavage (LVL) fluid remain…

Integrative revision of the Australian carrion-breeding Calliphorinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae): Revision of the Calliphora stygia- and ochracea-groups.

The Australian carrion-breeding species of the blowfly subfamily Calliphorinae, collectively placed in the Calliphora stygia- and ochracea-group sensu Johnston, Szpila, et al., 2025, play crucial roles in forensic science and agriculture, serving as key indicators of time since death of corpses and facultative agents of myiasis in livestock. Additionally, carrion-breeding blowflies have growing relevance in biomedical research due to their application in maggot debridement therapy and their emerging potential as sources of novel therapeutic compounds. Despite this recognised importance, the Au…

Clinical findings of candidate stallions presented for licensing at all German Warmblood horse-breeding associations in 2018-2020.

BACKGROUND: There is very little information available about the health status of young stallions from the German Warmblood population that will, once licensed, shape the future of equestrian sport and horse breeding. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of clinical findings at licensing examinations of candidate stallions and the influences of season of birth, age at licensing, year of licensing, and the evaluator on the distribution of recorded findings. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. METHODS: Clinical records of 1655 candidate stallions presented for licensing in 2018…

Determination of natural populations to be included in breeding program in St. John's wort species (Hypericum perforatum L.).

St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) is a medicinal and aromatic plant of rapidly increasing importance. The cultural production of thi … ation among the populations, and the populations with superior characteristics were included in the breeding program.

Weathering the storm: Decreased activity and glucocorticoid levels in response to inclement weather in breeding Columbian ground squirrels.

Inclement weather can rapidly modify the thermal conditions experienced by animals, inducing changes in their behavior, body condition, and stress physiology, and affecting their survival and breeding success. For animals living in variable environments, the extent to which they have adapted to cope with inclement weather is not established, especially for hibernating species with a short active season that are constrained temporally to breed and store energy for subsequent hibernation. We examined behavioral (foraging activity) and physiological (body mass and fecal cortisol metabolites) resp…

Порождаемые фаулой аденовирусы различные проявления заболевания в двух последовательно разведенных куриных стадах в курятнике.

В ходе этого исследования была изучена инфекция аденовируса в двух последовательно размножающихся стадах в одной и той же курятнике. Тридцать шесть тысяч однодневных кур из гибридного бройлера ROSS 308 хранились вместе в одном зале. Цыплята первого размножающегося стада во время откормки не имели никаких клинических признаков заболевания или повышения смертности. Типичные клинические признаки аденовирусной инфекции были замечены во втором размножающемся стаде. К числу признаков относятся: депрессия, апатия, сомненность, погруженное положение с сломанной головой, нечеткие перья, анемичные расче

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
This study investigated an adenovirus infection in two consecutive breeding flocks in the same poultry hall. Thirty-six thousand one-day-old chickens of the ROSS 308 hybrid broiler type were kept together in one hall. The chickens in the first breeding flock during fattening did not show any clinical signs of the disease or increased mortality. Typical clini…

Prevalence and risk factors of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii infection in breeding ewes from central western Mexico.

The objective of the study was to analyse the prevalence of infection by N. caninum and T. gondii in breeding ewes from central western Mexico. For this purpose, 184 blood samples were collected from sheep in the reproductive stage, which were analysed by ELISA and PCR tests, respectively, and the association between seroprevalence and some management factors was estimated by means of a logistic regression analysis. For N. caninum, a seroprevalence of 15.22% was identified, while the DNA detection in blood was 14.13% (26/184); positive animals were found in 75% of the farms (6/8). The variable…