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Field efficacy of deltamethrin for rodent flea control in San Bernardino County, California, USA.

A study was conducted to determine the initial and residual activity of deltamethrin (0.05% dust) applied to rodent burrows (at approximately 14 g/burrow) against fleas in the Silverwood Lake area of San Bernardino County. In initial toxicity (2-d post-treatment), deltamethrin provided 97% flea control and in residual toxicity it resulted in 68% control of the rodent fleas at 15-d post-treatment. The flea fauna consisted of Oropsylla montana (89.9%) and Hoplopsylls anomalus (10.1%). All rodents captured in this study were California ground squirrels, Spermophilus beecheyi. In mark-release-reca…

Clinical disease and laboratory abnormalities in free-ranging desert tortoises in California (1990-1995).

Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) populations have experienced precipitous declines resulting from the cumulative impact of habitat loss and human and disease-related mortality. Diagnosis of disease in live, free-ranging tortoises is facilitated by evaluation of clinical signs and laboratory test results but may be complicated by seasonal and environmental effects. The goals of this study were: 1) to describe and monitor clinical and laboratory signs of disease in adult, free-ranging desert tortoises at three sites in the Mojave Desert of California (USA) between October 1990 and October 19…

Childhood experiences and psychosocial influences on HIV risk among adolescent Latinas in southern California.

This study determined how adverse childhood experiences influenced risky sexual behavior in a community sample of Latina adolescents in Los Angeles (N = 904) within a modified ecodevelopmental perspective. Psychosocial, sociocultural, and environmental mediators of the relations between childhood experiences and risky sexual behavior were tested. Many direct and mediated paths were revealed using structural equation modeling. Childhood maltreatment was associated with risk sexual practices, including more partners, less condom use, more frequent intercourse, and less HIV testing. Drug use and

Baylisascaris procyonis (Nematoda: Ascarididae) larva migrans in free-ranging wildlife in Orange County, California.

Baylisascaris procyonis is well recognized as a cause of visceral (VLM), ocular, and neural (NLM) larva migrans in birds and mammals, including man. A study of the prevalence of larva migrans in free-ranging wildlife associated with raccoon latrines as well as a retrospective study of wildlife mortalities with neurological disease was conducted in 2000 in Orange County, California. Eighty-seven birds of 18 species and 64 mammals of 8 species were found to have NLM or VLM or both. NLM clinical signs included convulsions, torticollis, opisthotonus, head-tilts, circling, ataxia, paralysis, and vi…

Safety and efficacy of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: evidence from Northern California.

UNLABELLED: Pneumococcal disease remains a significant cause of morbidity among young children. A large-scale efficacy trial in the Northern California Kaiser Permanente system (the KP trial) demonstrated that a seven-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV) is safe and immunogenic in young children and effective in preventing both invasive pneumococcal disease caused by vaccine serotypes (97.4% efficacy) and episodes of otitis media (7.0% efficacy). Since the publication of the results of the KP trial in 2000, we have performed an additional analysis on the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the v…

Quantitative shedding of two genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum in California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi).

Sixteen percent of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) were found to be shedding an average of 53,875 Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts/g of feces. Male squirrels had a higher prevalence and higher intensity of shedding than did female squirrels. The majority of C. parvum isolates matched a bovine-murine genotype, with a few isolates resembling a porcine genotype. Higher intensities of shedding by males may enhance dissemination and genotypic mixing of this protozoa given males' proclivity to disperse to nonnatal colonies.

High-dose chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell rescue for breast cancer: experience in California.

The role of high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue in breast cancer is still controversial. We analyzed the outcomes of 1111 consecutive patients with histologically proven breast cancer who underwent HDCT at 5 major California medical centers. The overall treatment-related mortality (TRM) was 2.3%. TRM was not influenced by disease stage or the HDCT regimen delivered, but it was influenced by hematopoietic graft source. The TRM was 6.1% when bone marrow with or without blood stem cells was used, but only 1.4% when blood stem cells alone were used (P < .001…

Risk factors for cytogenetically normal holoprosencephaly in California: a population-based case-control study.

Holoprosencephaly is a developmental field defect manifested by a spectrum of abnormalities of the forebrain and midface. Approximately 50% … nd terminations with a diagnosis of cytogenetically normal holoprosencephaly were identified by the California Birth Defects Monitoring Program. Telephone interviews were conducted with the mothers of 58 cases and 107 live born, nonmalformed controls. Women were questioned about their health and reproductive histories, family demographics, and exposures occu …

Farm worker illness following exposure to carbofuran and other pesticides--Fresno County California, 1998.

In California, suspected pesticide-related illnesses and suspected work-related illnesses and injuries are reportable conditions. On July 31, 1998, the Occupational Health Branch of the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) received a report from the California Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR) of a pesticide exposure incident in Fresno County involving 34 farm workers. CDHS investigated this incident by reviewing medical records of the 34 workers and interviewing 29. The findings indicated that the workers became ill after early reentry into a cotton field that had been spra…

Molecular markers reveal differentiation among isolates of Coccidioides immitis from California, Arizona and Texas.

Coccidioides immitis causes coccidioidomycosis, a fungal disease of both immuno-compromised and otherwise healthy people; it is capable of causing large epidemics and the disease is often refractory to chemotherapy. To quantify the magnitude of population differentiation and estimate levels of gene flow in C. immitis, multilocus genotypes were scored for 20-25 clinical isolates from each of Bakersfield (California), Tucson (Arizona), and San Antonio (Texas). The molecular markers used were PCR products with polymorphic restriction endonuclease sites, found and characterized in a previous study…

Обнаружение серогрупповых вирусов в Калифорнии с использованием универсальных капсюлей и обратной транскрипции-полимеразы.

Были выявлены универсальные капсюли и разработан протокол, пригодный для быстрого обнаружения сложных вирусов калифорнийского энцефалита (СЕ) в цепной реакции обратной транскрипции-полимеразы (RT-PCR). Эти капсюли соответствуют последовательности в областях кодирования G2 glycoprotein среднеразмерного сегмента RNA. Идентификация дополнительных продуктов была подтверждена последовательности в работе клонов или продуктов ПЦР. Этот метод позволяет обнаруживать 40 формирующих табличек (PFU) непосредственно на геле агароза, пропитанном этимидиумом, и чувствительность возрастает до 0,4-1 ПФУ, когда

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Universal primers have been identified and a protocol developed that are suitable for rapid detection of California encephalitis (CE) complex viruses in a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. These primers correspond to sequences in the coding regions of the G2 glycoprotein of the middle-size RNA segment. The identities of the ampl…

Evaluation of filter-based aerosol measurements during the 1987 Southern California Air Quality Study.

The Southern California Air Quality Study (SCAQS) was conducted during the summer and fall of 1987 to assess the causes of elevated ozone and suspended particulate matter concentrations in California's South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB). Extensive gaseous (i.e. nitric acid, ammonia, sulfur dioxide) and particle (i.e. PM2.5 and PM10 mass, elements, ions, carbon) measurements were acquired for 11 days during the summer at nine locations, and six days during the fall at six locations. Outliers were identified so that they could be excluded from further statistical analyses. Carbon and elemental measur…

A prenatal diagnostic center's first-year experience with the California alpha-Fetoprotein Screening Program.

The University of California Davis Medical Center has offered secondary and tertiary care to pregnant patients with abnormal maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels since the start of the California alpha-Fetoprotein Screening Program in April 1986. In our first year of involvement with this method of prenatal screening, 452 patients were referred to our center for further evaluation and follow-up of either high or low maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels, as determined by the standard multiple of the median adjusted for maternal weight, race, and presence of insulin-dependent diabetes mell…

Intestinal parasites among Indochinese refugees and Mexican immigrants resettled in Contra Costa County, California.

Stool examinations of 186 Indochinese refugees and 90 immigrants from Mexico resettled in Contra Costa, County, California, have shown that 60 percent of refugees and 39 percent of immigrants are infected with one or more species of pathogenic protozoa and helminths. The mean prevalences of infections among refugees and immigrants, respectively, were: hookworms, 25 and 2 percent; whipworm, 22 and 12 percent; Ascaris, 20 and 12 percent; Giardia lamblia, 11 and 11 percent; Strongyloides, 9 and 1 percent; and Entamoeba histolytica, 2 and 4 percent. clonorchis sinensis was found in 13 percent of r…

Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) and Toxoplasma gondii among dairy goats in California.

The prevalence of antibodies against Coxiella burnetii and Toxoplasma gondii, the causative agents of Q fever and toxoplasmosis, was examined in goats to determine the extent of the potential of goats to tansfer these infections to persons. Of 1,054 goats from 234 premises in California, 248 goats (24%) were seropositive for C burnetii and 246 (23%) were seropositive for T gondii. Of 29 dairy goats tested, 2 (7%) were found to be shedding the Q fever rickettsia in their milk; T gondii was not detected. Factors of sex, age, location, and herd size are discussed.