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Management of referred deep brain stimulation failures: a retrospective analysis from 2 movement disorders centers.

BACKGROUND: Since the Food and Drug Administration approved DBS, there has been a surge in the number of centers providing the procedure. Th … efited from medication changes, 4 (10%) had antidepressants added to their regimens, and 1 (2%) had donepezil hydrochloride added. One patient's carbidopa/levodopa (2%) was restarted after complete discontinuation. OUTCOMES: With the various postoperative interventions described, 21 (51%) of 41 patients had good outcomes, 6 (15%) had modest clinical improv …

Primary Localized Amyloidosis of Larynx: A Case Report.

Psychotic symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) are relatively common and, in addition to creating a disturbance in patients' daily lives, ha … to antipsychotics. Tacrine is rarely tried because of hepatic toxicity, and controlled trials with donepezil have not shown significant reductions in psychotic symptoms, due perhaps to methodological limitations. However, results from an open-label study and a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 188 hallucinating PD patients support the effica …

Роль воспаления в нейродегенеративных болезнях: болезнь Паркинсона, болезнь Альцгеймера и множественный склероз.

Нейродегенеративные заболевания представляют собой группу заболеваний, которые, как правило, характеризуются постепенным повреждением и дегенерацией нейронов в центральной нервной системе. В эту группу входят болезнь Паркинсона, болезнь Альцгеймера и множественный склероз. В последние годы все больше фактов указывает на важную роль воспаления в патогенезе этих условий. Происхождение воспаления в мозге, которое часто вызывается провоспалительной активацией микроглий или астроцитов, может, следовательно, привести к хронической провокационной реакции, способствующей развитию нейродегенеративных п

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… Donepezil, a drug from this class, is widely used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. … Interestingly, donepezil, in addition to its effects on the central nervous system in Alzheimer’s disease, also reduces inflammation and cell apoptosis in ulcerative colitis [ 118 ]. …

Therapeutic Evaluation of Unani Medicine, Including Single Drugs and Polyherbal Formulations with Special Reference to Neurodegenerative Disorders.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Unani remedies are considered safe and can be utilized as a healthcare resource due to the adverse effects of conventional pharmaceuticals. For instance, Donepezil, used to treat alzhemier's disease exerts many adverse effects such as dizziness, vertigo, dryness of mouth. Similarly, Memantine used to slow the neurotoxicity involved in alzhemier's disease also exerts adverse effects like vomiting, tremors and sleep disturbance. Over sixty percent of drugs are derived from synthetic basis, highlighting the potential benefits of natural Unani treatments as a safer …

The Movement Disorder Society Evidence-Based Medicine Review Update: Treatments for the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

The Movement Disorder Society (MDS) Task Force on Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) Review of Treatments for Parkinson's Disease (PD) was first … and modafinil for the treatment of fatigue; amantadine for the treatment of pathological gambling; donepezil, galantamine, and memantine for the treatment of dementia; quetiapine for the treatment of psychosis; fludrocortisone and domperidone for the treatment of orthostatic hypotension; sildenafil for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, ipratropium bro …

Quetiapine for agitation or psychosis in patients with dementia and parkinsonism.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and tolerability of quetiapine for agitation or psychosis in patients with dementia and parkinsonism. METHODS: Multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel groups clinical trial involving 40 patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 23), Parkinson disease (PD) with dementia (n = 9), or Alzheimer disease with parkinsonian features (n = 8). The main outcome measure for efficacy was change in the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) from baseline to 10 weeks of therapy. For tolerability it was change in the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS

Fragile X syndrome and targeted treatment trials.

Work in recent years has revealed an abundance of possible new treatment targets for fragile X syndrome (FXS). The use of animal models, including the fragile X knockout mouse which manifests a phenotype very similar to FXS in humans, has resulted in great strides in this direction of research. The lack of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) in FXS causes dysregulation and usually overexpression of a number of its target genes, which can cause imbalances of neurotransmission and deficits in synaptic plasticity. The use of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) blockers and gamma amino

Pharmacological Interventions for the Management of Cancer-Related Fatigue Among Cancer Survivors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

ObjectiveCurrent guidelines have different recommendations on applying pharmacological interventions for managing cancer-related fatigue (CRF) among cancer survivors. This systematic review aims to synthesize clinical evidence on pharmacological interventions for managing CRF.MethodsFive databases were searched for potential randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from their inception until October 2020. RCTs assessing the effect of pharmacological treatments for CRF among cancer survivors were considered eligible. Clinical significance was determined by comparing the estimated effect with that of

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… Other pharmacological interventions The effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (donepezil), 39 antidepressants (bupropion), 38 and somatostatin analog (pasireotide) 40 for CRF was assessed by comparing to placebo separately in three different RCTs ( Table 2 ). … A study of donepezil in female breast cancer survivors with self-reported cognitive dysfunction 1 to 5 years following adjuvant chemotherapy. J Cancer Surviv. 2016;10:176-184. 40. Eaton AA, Gonen M, Karanicolas P, et al. …

Recent Advances in Therapeutics for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

The most prevalent chronic neurodegenerative illness in the world is Alzheimer's disease (AD). It results in mental symptoms including behavioral abnormalities and cognitive impairment, which have a substantial financial and psychological impact on the relatives of the patients. The review discusses various pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to AD, including amyloid beta, tau protein, inflammation, and other factors, while emphasizing the need for effective disease-modifying therapeutics that alter disease progression rather than merely alleviating symptoms. This review mainly covers m

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… Donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine are the cholinesterase inhibitors that are most frequently prescribed [ 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 ]. … For moderate-to-severe AD dementia, a combination of a glutamate regulator (memantine) and a cholinesterase inhibitor (donepezil) is approved [ 127 , 128 , 129 ]. …

[Sleep disorders in patients with a neurocognitive disorder].

INTRODUCTION: Sleep disorders are prevalent in patients with a neurocognitive disorder, and diagnosis and treatment in these patients remain … e morning, sedating medications in the evening). Importantly, cholinesterase inhibitors (especially donepezil) may trigger insomnia. Switching to morning dosing or to an alternative drug may help. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia is indicated to treat chronic insomnia in neurocognitive disorders. False beliefs regarding sleep should be addressed wi …

The challenge of chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment: assessing and managing cognitive decline after cancer treatment.

Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) refers to a decline in cognitive function in patients during and after cancer treatment and is mainly associated with the use of cytotoxic chemotherapy (CT). As CT is still an essential component in the treatment of many cancers and taking into account the fact that cancer survival rates are increasing, CRCI may negatively impact the quality of life and working capacity of a growing number of individuals, especially those treated with curative intent in conditions such as breast cancer. There is still a need to address several issues related to

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… For example, donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor, has been studied for its potential to treat CRCI, with promising results in both preclinical and clinical studies. … In a preclinical study, Winocur et al [ 61 ] demonstrated that donepezil improved hippocampal-dependent memory, including spatial memory, in animal models [ 61 ]. …

Mechanisms to medicines: navigating drug repurposing strategies in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a continuously advancing neurodegenerative condition distinguished by the unremitting deterioration of cognitive abilities and memory impairment, which significantly hampers daily functioning of life. In the absence of disease modifying treatments, it continues to pose a significant global challenge. Though symptomatic treatment exists, the inherent complexity involved with AD pathogenesis related to Aβ plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, etc. poses a tremendous challenge to developing drugs. With the incidence of AD increa

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… While memantine modulates glutamate activity to limit excitotoxicity resulting from excessive glutamate signaling, donepezil increases ACh by blocking its catabolism. … For example, drugs like donepezil, which are cholinesterase inhibitors, increase levels of acetylcholine but do not change the progression of the disease itself ( Marucci et al., 2021 ). …

Myelin Displacement and Revention in the Central Nervous System: Молекулярные механизмы, болезни и перспективные терапевтические цели.

Майлин пластичность имеет основополагающее значение для формирования нейронных сетей и оптимизации нейронных функций, формирования схем, регулирующих эмоции, сознание, сенсацию и управление двигателем. Подкомбинированный олигодендроцитами, миелин подвергается пожизненной реконструкции, которая требует высокой метаболической активности; это делает миелин-олигодендроцитную единицу весьма восприимчивой к метаболическому стрессу, старению и патологическим оскорблениям. Хотя обезвоживание является основной характеристикой различных хронических неврологических расстройств, в настоящем обзоре особо п

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… Donepezil Donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of AD, has also been investigated for its potential myelin‐promoting properties [ 306 , 307 ]. … Furthermore, Imamura et al. have demonstrated that donepezil‐induced oligodendrogenesis is mediated through both estrogen receptor subtypes, ERα and ERβ [ 309 ]. …

Lack of a primary physicochemical determinant in the direct transport of drugs to the brain after nasal administration in rats: potential involvement of transporters in the pathway.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relative contribution of the direct pathway in overall brain transport for 17 model drugs with different physicochemical properties after nasal administrations and to identify factors that govern the fraction of the dose transported to the brain via the direct pathway (F(a, direct)). When the model drugs were nasally administered to rats, 5 of the 17 model drugs were delivered to a significant extent to the brain via the direct pathway. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the correlation between various physicochemical properties an

Pharmacological treatments for fatigue associated with palliative care.

BACKGROUND: This review updates the original review, 'Pharmacological treatments for fatigue associated with palliative care' and also incor … for the efficacy of amantadine, pemoline and modafinil in multiple sclerosis and for carnitine and donepezil in cancer-related fatigue. Methylphenidate and pemoline seem to be effective in patients with HIV, but this is based only on one study per intervention, with only a moderate number of participants in each study. Meta-analysis shows an estimated supe …

Peripheral Nerves in Cancer: Regulatory Roles and Therapeutic Strategies.

Cancer neuroscience has emerged as a transformative frontier in oncology research, focusing on the interplay between cancer cells and the nervous system. Cancer cells establish tumorspecific neural networks within tumor tissues via neurotrophic hijacking. The nervous system regulates tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis either directly by regulating signal transduction in tumor cells or indirectly by modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME). The positive feedback loop between cancer cells and nerves promotes tumor progression. Deciphering the regulatory role of nerves in tumor prog

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… Phase 3 randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial of donepezil for treatment of cognitive impairment in breast cancer survivors following adjuvant chemotherapy (WF‐97116) | [ 224 ] | Donepezil | AchE | Donepezil did not improve memory problems caused by chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. … A study of donepezil in female breast cancer survivors with self‐reported cognitive dysfunction 1 to 5 years following adjuvant chemotherapy | [ 225 ] | Donepezil | AchE | The donepezil‐treated group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in two key memory parameters compared with controls …

Trazodone in the Management of Major Depression Among Elderly Patients with Dementia: A Narrative Review and Clinical Insights.

ObjectiveMajor depressive disorder (MDD) often co-occurs with dementia and other neurological disorders, and treatment with antidepressants can improve symptoms, quality of life, and survival in these patients. This narrative review provides an expert opinion about the role and effectiveness of trazodone in the treatment of older adults with MDD and cognitive impairment due to physical illnesses, such as dementia.ResultsBecause of its mechanism of action, trazodone can treat several depression symptoms often seen in people with dementia, including insomnia, agitation, anxiety, cognitive impair

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… 3A4 of the cytochrome P450. 4 , 90 Hence, trazodone may compete for the catalytic site of the cytochrome P450 3A4, which is one of the isoenzymes involved in the metabolism of donepezil. … However, given that donepezil may be metabolized by two cytochromes (CYP3A4 and CYP2D6), the competitive inhibition with trazodone, may not be clinically relevant. …

Gintonin, a ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid receptor ligand, attenuates Alzheimer's disease-related neuropathies: involvement of non-amyloidogenic processing.

Ginseng extracts show cognition-enhancing effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, little is known about the active components and molecular mechanisms of how ginseng exerts its effects. Recently, we isolated a novel lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor-activating ligand from ginseng, gintonin. AD is caused by amyloid-β protein (Aβ) accumulation. Aβ is derived from amyloid-β protein precursors (AβPPs) through the amyloidogenic pathway. In contrast, non-amyloidogenic pathways produce beneficial, soluble AβPPα (sAβPPα). Here, we describe our investigations of the effect of gintonin

Multifunctional Actions of Ninjinyoeito, a Japanese Kampo Medicine: Accumulated Scientific Evidence Based on Experiments With Cells and Animal Models, and Clinical Studies.

Herbal medicines are currently employed for the treatment of several types of diseases, and also employed for the improvement of Quality of Life (QOL) of patients over the world, in particular, in Asian countries. In Japan, a Japanese herbal medicine namely kampo medicine has been prescribed for the improvement of QOL of patients. Ninjinyoeito (NYT), composed of 12 herbal plants, is one of kampo medicines and used for helping recovery of diseases and improving several symptoms that suffer patients such as anemia, anorexia and fatigue. Recent scientific research approaches to kampo medicines wi

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… In clinical study with Alzheimer's patients (23 patients) over 2-year period, two groups between donepezil (11 patients) and donepezil with NYT (12 patients) treatment were compared and assessed. … Authors demonstrated that A 2-year follow-up of patients receiving donepezil with NYT treatment showed an improved cognitive outcome and alleviation of Alzheimer's disease-related depression, judged from several tests mentioned ( 13 ). …

Epigenetic Dysregulation in Neurodegeneration: The Role of Histone Deacetylases and Emerging Inhibitor Strategies.

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD) are characterized by complex pathologies with progressive neurodegeneration, protein misfolding, oxidative stress, and persistent inflammation. Recent findings indicate the pivotal involvement of epigenetic disruption, particularly aberrant histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, in disease initiation and progression. In the current review, we systematically discuss the mechanistic function of HDACs across all classes (I, IIa, IIb, III, and IV) in neurodegenerative disease mechanis

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… Furthermore, in H 2 O 2 -induced neurotoxicity assays, 16 and 17 showed significant neuroprotective effects in PC-12 cells, outperforming donepezil in some cases. … The researchers designed a new class of donepezil-derived hydroxamic acids that simultaneously activate the sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) and inhibit histone deacetylases (HDACs). …