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Mediterranean and MIND Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Performance in Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the UK Multiple Sclerosis Register.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic auto-immune neuroinflammatory disorder presenting as a range of systemic and neurological symptoms, including cognitive impairment. Emerging evidence suggests that diets targeting brain health-such as the Mediterranean (MED) and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diets-may improve cognitive function; however, studies examining their role in people living with MS are limited. METHODS: We examined cross-sectional associations between diet and cognition data from 967 participants in the United Kingdom Multiple Scler…

Безопасность и эффективность ингибиторов IL-17 у пациентов с коморбидным множественным склерозом/синдромом, похожим на мультипликативный склероз: систематический обзор.

Ингибиторы IL-17 могут приносить пользу пациентам с дерматологическими или ревматическими заболеваниями и коморбируемым множественным склерозом (MS) или синдромом, похожим на MS, либо отдельно, либо в сочетании с синдромом MS-модифицирующей терапии (DMT). Оценить безопасность и эффективность ингибиторов IL-17 у пациентов, проходящих такое лечение, на предмет любых признаков, которые также страдают от коморбидного синдрома MS или синдрома MS. Мы систематически анализировали литературу для выявления и анализа случаев лечения пациентов с ингибиторами IL-17, у которых также был синдром MS/MS. Мы п

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
IL-17 inhibitors may benefit patients with dermatologic or rheumatic diseases and comorbid multiple sclerosis (MS) or MS-like syndrome, either alone or in combination with MS-specific disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). To assess the safety and efficacy of IL-17 inhibitors in patients receiving these treatments for any indication who also suffer from comorbi…

Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Exposed to Natalizumab-A Retrospective Analysis From the Austrian Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Registry.

Objectives: To analyze safety and impact of natalizumab (NTZ) exposure on the disease course, pregnancy, and newborn outcomes of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients from the Austrian Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Registry (AMSTR). Materials and Methods: Twelve pregnancies of 11 women with RRMS exposed to treatment with NTZ were identified from the AMSTR. Exposure to NTZ was defined as treatment with NTZ from 8 weeks prior to the start of the last menstrual period and onward. All patients completed a standardized questionnaire regarding pregnancy and newborn outcomes until the…

Marburg type and Balò's concentric sclerosis: rare and acute variants of multiple sclerosis.

Marburg type and Balò's concentric sclerosis are considered particular variants of multiple sclerosis, clinically characterized by a severe, rapidly evolving clinical course, and by unusual neuropathological changes, often large tumor-like demyelinating plaques in Marburg type and concentric layers of partial demyelination alternating with demyelinating bands in Balò's concentric sclerosis. These forms now can be diagnosed in vivo, with complete clinical and laboratory examination and MRI follow up. Although in some patients a favourable clinical course has been described, the poor prognosis o…

Systematic literature review and network meta-analysis in highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and rapidly evolving severe multiple sclerosis.

ObjectiveMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, neurodegenerative autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system. Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) is the most common clinical form of MS and affects ∼85% of cases at onset. Highly active (HA) and rapidly evolving severe (RES) RRMS are 2 forms of RRMS amenable to disease-modifying therapies (DMT). This study explored the efficacy of fingolimod relative to other DMTs for the treatment of HA and RES RRMS.MethodsA systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to identify published randomised controlled trials in HA and RES RRMS. Identified …

Сопровождение амиотропического бокового склероза и множественного склероза: редкое, но интересное объединение.

Множественный склероз (MS) является воспалительным демиелинирующим заболеванием с весьма изменяющимися клиническими курсами и обычным наступлением в более молодом возрасте, вызванным генетическими и экологическими факторами. Амиотрофический боковой склероз (ALS) — нейродегенеративное расстройство, воздействующее на моторные нейроны в мозге и спинном мозге, приводящее к постепенной потере добровольного мышечного и дыхательного контроля. Несмотря на некоторые общие клинические последствия, как ALS, так и MS имеют различные коренные причины и механизмы заболеваний. Около 10% АБС связаны с генетич

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease with highly variable clinical course and usual onset in younger age, caused by genetic and environmental factors. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, resulting in gradual loss of voluntary muscle and respir…

Normal pressure hydrocephalus in people with multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Aging people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) may develop idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH). OBJECTIVES: Describe clinical, investigational, and treatment courses in pwMS and INPH. METHODS: Retrospective Mayo Clinic database review of "MS" and "NPH" and "Gait disorder" 1996-2025. INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1) pwMS; 2) INPH; 3) INPH gait impairment (gait apraxia and/or ataxia). EXCLUSION CRITERIA: non-INPH gait impairment or absent neurologist examination. Demographics, clinical course, INPH triad features (gait disorder, cognitive dysfunction, bladder dysfunction) were rec…

Social Cognition in Multiple Sclerosis: A Multidomain Investigation.

While cognitive functioning in multiple sclerosis has been extensively studied, the presence of social cognition deficits in persons affected by relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) remains comparatively less explored. This study recruited 30 Turkish patients with RRMS and 30 healthy controls (HCs) matched for demographic characteristics and cognitive status. We tested their social cognition abilities within two main subdomains, namely, theory of mind (ToM) and emotion recognition. The combination of tests we used was novel and rather broad as ToM was evaluated in both its affective a…

Obesity, Nutrition and the Multiple Sclerosis Risk in Adolescents.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune neurological disease resulting from the interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. In recent decades, the rising incidence of MS, particularly pediatric-onset forms, has paralleled the global obesity pandemic. This article explores the causal link between pediatric obesity, systemic inflammation, and neuroinflammation, with a specific focus on the microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis. We analyze how nutritional habits can play a pivotal role by inducing dysbiosis, with alteration in microbiota-driven metabolites, and leaky gu…

MRI in multiple sclerosis: progress in in-vivo pathobiology.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have substantially expanded the ability to investigate multiple sclerosis (MS) pathobiology in-vivo. Beyond its diagnostic role, MRI now captures blood-brain barrier dysfunction, demyelination, neuroaxonal loss, glial activation, and network disruption across disease stages. This review is timely as accumulating evidence challenges a purely inflammation-driven ("outside-in") model of MS and supports interacting central nervous system-intrinsic ("inside-out") mechanisms that contribute to progression and disability. RECENT …

PET imaging of microglial pathology in multiple sclerosis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review evaluates recent advances in the development of translocator protein (TSPO) - and purinergic receptor-binding PET tracers and highlights the capacity of TSPO-PET-imaging to capture microglial activation across multiple regions of interest in multiple sclerosis brain. We discuss the added value of integrating PET-derived measures with fluid and metabolic biomarkers, as well as their successful application in recent clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent research highlights PET as a robust molecular imaging tool for detecting microglial activation and implicates…

MicroRNA profiles in multiple sclerosis: A review of the literature.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder that affects the central nervous system. Although its exact cause remains unknown, it is known that an autoimmune response, triggered by interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental factors, leads to an attack against the myelin sheath. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding regulatory RNAs that modulate post-transcriptional gene expression, may play an important role in MS pathophysiology, affecting immunological pathways such as T-cell differentiation, macrophage activation, and apoptosis regulation. Studies hav…

Outcomes of Cardiovascular Surgery in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.

IMPORTANCE: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a higher incidence of heart failure and myocardial infarction. In patients with MS, autonomic dysregulation may cause detrimental hemodynamic instability perioperatively. However, data on outcomes of cardiac surgery in patients with MS are scarce. OBJECTIVES: To describe US nationwide morbidity and mortality in patients with MS undergoing cardiovascular surgery. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study included records of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, valve, aortic, or combined cardiovascula…

Current perspectives on the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: A minireview.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation, reactive gliosis, and progressive neuroaxonal damage resulting in heterogeneous clinical and histopathological manifestations. As MS often leads to disability at a young age, it represents a substantial socio-economic burden in developed countries. The etiopathogenesis of MS is multifactorial and incompletely understood, involving genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors. Recent research highlights immune responses to Epstein-Barr virus, blood-brain bar…

The many faces of the multiple sclerosis population in Canada.

BACKGROUND: We lack an understanding of the diversity characteristics of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) in Canada; most studies report only age and sex. We conducted a national survey to better understand the diversity characteristics of people living with MS in Canada METHODS: From June 2025 to February 2026, we administered an anonymous online survey regarding diversity characteristics to people with MS in Canada who were aged 18 years and older. We measured diversity characteristics based on the PROGRESS-Plus framework. We summarized participant characteristics using descriptive statis…

A scoping review of comorbidity aetiology in multiple sclerosis.

INTRODUCTION: Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a higher risk of comorbidities, such as depression and hypertension, than those without MS, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We conducted a scoping review to map the existing literature regarding the aetiological mechanisms linking MS and comorbidities. METHODS: We searched PubMed from inception to March, 2025, including studies of adult participants diagnosed with MS that focused on comorbidity aetiology. Studies estimating the risk or prevalence of comorbidities without investigating aetiology were exclu…

A mathematical model for inflammation and demyelination in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an incurable, life-long disease caused by the demyelination of neurons in the brain and spine. MS is often characterized by relapses in inflammation and demyelination, followed by periods of remission. Symptoms can be highly debilitating, and there are still many open questions about the origin and progression of the disease. Mathematical modelling is well placed to capture the dynamics of MS and provide insight into disease aetiology. In this work, we present a minimal model for MS disease onset and progression driven by inflammation and demyelination. The model dyn…

Challenges in the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: : Multiple sclerosis (MS) may present as a tumor-like, or tumefactive demyelinating lesion, that is indistinguishable clinically and radiologically from a brain tumor. This poses a diagnostic challenge. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case report of a 23-year-old woman who was hospitalized in the Neurosurgery Department for biopsy of a brain mass. She had been diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma at the age of 12, underwent surgery and chemotherapy, and had been in remission ever since. During her annual follow-up a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was performed that r…

Respiratory dysfunction in people with advanced multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Respiratory dysfunction may occur in multiple sclerosis, and respiratory complications are the most common cause of death. There is limited evidence to guide assessment and management of respiratory dysfunction in people with advanced multiple sclerosis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the assessment and management of respiratory dysfunction in people with advanced multiple sclerosis as part of their routine out-patient care. METHODS: The medical records of 105 people with multiple sclerosis with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≥ 8.0 assessed in a m…