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Разработка генетической диверсификации в сортах кизилов (Crataegus azarolus L.) естественно растущих в восточной части Медитерранееанской области Турции с использованием морфологических, помологических и интерпретирующих последовательностей повторов маркеров.

БАКGROUND: Турция является местом проживания многих важных видов фруктов благодаря своей географической локации и экологии. Кизил (Crataegus azarolus L.) — один из этих важных видов фруктов, который очень полезен для здоровья человека. В настоящем исследовании в 2022 и 2023 годах были идентифицированы 125 доступов кизила из различных регионов генеральной коллекции кизила в Восточном Медиiterrаниане Турции. Настоящее исследование проводилось для обнаружения морфологических, помологических и молекулярно-генетических вариаций доступов. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Исследованные доступы показывали значительные ра

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Türkiye hosts many important fruit species due to its geographical location and ecology. Hawthorn, which is highly beneficial fo … characteristics of hawthorn species and incorporate relevant genetic material or traits into modern plant breeding programs. In addition, the study is expected to make significant contributions to the literature on the evaluation and conservation of hawthorn genetic resources.

LsNAC72 from a major QTL activates LsNRAMP7 expression to promote iron accumulation in lettuce.

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient critical for plant growth and development, as well as for human health. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) serves as a rich source of Fe for consumers. However, little is known about the genetics underlying Fe concentration in lettuce. In this study, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of Fe concentration using the multiparent advanced generation intercross population derived from 16 founder lines. A significant locus associated with Fe concentration was identified on chromosome 7. Sequence and expression analysis suggested that the gene LsNAC72, w

Deficiency of Natural Plant-Derived Gut Metabolites Is a Potential Cause of Skeletal Deformities in Captive-Bred Green Peafowl (Pavo muticus).

BACKGROUND: To recover endangered green peafowl (Pavo muticus) populations, China has implemented ex situ conservation programs centered on captive breeding. However, captive-bred individuals frequently suffer from skeletal deformities, creating a critical bottleneck that compromises future wild reintroductions. RESULTS: This study demonstrates that, although green peafowl possess species-specific genes (Igf2 and Ndufs2), they lack specialized allometric development of the cecum, suggesting that dietary disparities might play a more pivotal role in driving skeletal issues than innate intestin

The OsRFP1-OsMYB61 module regulates rice drought tolerance by modulating the transcription of ABA- and drought-responsive genes.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major food crop worldwide. With the acceleration of global warming, drought is becoming one of the major limitations for rice productivity. In plants, MYB transcription factors (TF) play pivotal roles in mediating drought stress tolerance. The rice OsMYB61 encodes an R2R3-MYB protein. OsMYB61 is localized both in the nucleus and the stomatal guard cells in the Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The expression of OsMYB61 is repressed by ABA and PEG treatments. OsMYB61-overexpressing rice lines exhibited decreased drought tolerance. qRT-PCR evidence showed that the transcr

FaCPK19-FaTT1 axis decodes heat-induced Ca2+ signals and enhances thermotolerance in tall fescue.

Ca2+ signals play a crucial role in heat stress (HS) resistance. However, how Ca2+ signals are decoded and regulate the downstream targets of HS signaling remains unclear in plants. Cool-season grasses are sensitive to high-temperature conditions and should evolve distinctive heat stress response mechanisms. Here, we identified the calcium-dependent protein kinase 19 (FaCPK19), which decoded the unique Ca2+ signal triggered by HS in cool-season grass tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). The FaCPK19 was activated upon HS and positively regulated thermotolerance in tall fescue. FaCPK19 int

Transcriptomics and overexpression analyses reveal StERF87 confers resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in potato.

StERF87 directly activates StPR1a via GCC-box binding and integrates SA/ET signaling to enhance bacterial wilt resistance. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important food crop worldwide, yet its yield is severely constrained by bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. We used RNA-Seq to study gene expression in 'Z1076-1' at 0, 1, and 2 days post-inoculation (dpi) with R. solanacearum (10⁶ CFU mL⁻1). We identified 6663 differentially expressed genes at 1 dpi and 7390 at 2 dpi. Calcium signaling and MAPK cascade genes were upregulated at 1 dpi. PR protein and ROS-related genes showed str

Genome-Wide Identification of the Chalcone Synthase Gene Family in Phoebe zhennan and Its Association with Golden-Thread Wood Color Formation and Drought Response.

Chalcone synthase (CHS) is a key enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis, and its activity strongly influences the efficiency of flavonoid production in plants. By controlling the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, CHS contributes to plant adaptation to diverse environmental stresses. Here, we identified CHS members across the Phoebe zhennan genome and systematically examined their gene structures, phylogenetic relationships, and potential roles in golden-thread wood color formation and drought response. Genome-wide screening resolved 11 putatively functional PzCHSs, which were unevenly distribut

DNA methylation variations induced by salt and alkali stresses and their differential responses in Tamarix chinensis L.

Soil salinization is a critical environmental challenge threatening plant survival. To adapt, certain plants have evolved tolerance to highly saline-alkali environments through long-term natural selection. Tamarix chinensis L., a typical halophyte with strong adaptability to salt and alkali stresses, serves as an essential germplasm resource and pioneer species for ecological conservation and remediation. However, the epigenetic mechanisms underlying its stress tolerance remain poorly understood. In this study, we systematically characterized the tolerance and genome-wide DNA methylation varia

Integrative chromosome-level genomics and metabolomics uncover regulatory networks linking monoterpenoid biosynthesis and glandular trichome formation in Mosla chinensis.

Xiangru, with Mosla chinensis (Mc, 2n = 18) and its considered cultivar M. chinensis 'Jiangxiangru' (McJ, 2n = 18) as original plants, is an annual herb of the Lamiaceae family, and is widely used as medicinal and edible plant due to its spleen strengthening function. However, absence of genomic resource impedes in-depth research towards Xiangru. In this study, the morphological characteristics and volatile organic compounds (VOC) contents of Mc and McJ were analyzed, showing higher trichome density and monoterpenoid accumulation obtained in Mc, whereas McJ possessed higher biomass. We assembl

[Identification of MADS-box gene family in Polygonatum cyrtonema and expression analysis in a natural sterile line].

Polygonatum, Chinese medicinal and edible plants, are renowned for various health benefits including replenishing Qi, nourishing Yin, moistening the lungs, invigorating the spleen, and benefiting the kidneys. MADS-box genes are widely present in plants and play roles as transcription factors in multiple growth and developmental processes. In this study, 74 MADS-box genes in Polygonatum cyrtonema were identified via bioinformatics methods. These genes were classified into 14 subfamilies, with members of the same subfamily clustering together on the phylogenetic tree and sharing conserved motifs

Domesticated cannabinoid synthases amid a wild mosaic cannabis pangenome.

Cannabis sativa is a globally important seed oil, fibre and drug-producing plant species. However, a century of prohibition has severely restricted development of breeding and germplasm resources, leaving potential hemp-based nutritional and fibre applications unrealized. Here we present a cannabis pangenome, constructed with 181 new and 12 previously released genomes from a total of 144 biological samples including both male (XY) and female (XX) plants. We identified widespread regions of the cannabis pangenome that are surprisingly diverse for a single species, with high levels of genetic an

Environmental contamination by veterinary medicinal products and their implications in the conservation of the endangered Pyrenean Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus aquitanicus).

The endangered Pyrenean Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus aquitanicus) inhabits perennial forests of the Pyrenees (Spain, France and Andorre). Feces of domestic animals (e.g., horses and cattle) are often found in this species' habitat as evidence of land use overlapping, especially during spring and summer. As a result, pharmaceutical residues found in feces of these domestic ungulates may be absorbed by plants and insects that are part of the diet of Pyrenean Capercaillies (e.g., blueberries [Vaccinium uliginosum, Vaccinium myrtillus], red wood ants [Formica rufa]). Based on the absence of data

Response of seed yield and biochemical traits of Eruca sativa Mill. to drought stress in a collection study.

Drought tolerance is a complex trait in plants that involves different biochemical mechanisms. During two years of study (2019-2020), the responses of 64 arugula genotypes to drought stress were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications under field conditions. Several metabolic traits were evaluated, i.e. relative water content, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), proline, malondialdehyde, enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase), total phenolic and flavonoid contents and seed yield. On average, the drought stress

The Higher Water Absorption Capacity of Small Root System Improved the Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Maize.

The root system in plants absorbs water and minerals. However, the relationship among root size, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) is controversial. Two pot experiments were conducted to explore these relationships by using two maize varieties with contrasting root sizes and reducing the root-shoot ratio (R/S) through root pruning to eliminate genotypic effects. Maize plants were grown in an open rainout shelter under both water-sufficient and deficient conditions. Yield-related parameters, root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr), and WUE were determined. The results showed that the small root v

Leaf-induced callus formation in two cultivars: hot pepper 'CM334' and bell pepper 'Dempsey'.

Pepper (Capsicum annuum), one of the most economically important vegetables of the Solanaceae family, is cultivated worldwide. To apply versatile genome-editing tools to a pepper genome for precise molecular breeding, an in vitro regeneration protocol is indispensable and callus formation is an essential step in the regeneration of pepper. Here, we show that calli were successfully induced from young leaves (3-4 cm) of pepper plants, the hot pepper C. annum 'CM334' ('CM334') and bell pepper C. annum 'Dempsey' ('Dempsey'), grown on soil for less than 7 weeks. The excised leaf segments of 'CM334

Nitrogen Use Efficiency Is Mediated by Vacuolar Nitrate Sequestration Capacity in Roots of Brassica napus.

Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in crop plants is an important breeding target to reduce excessive use of chemical fertilizers, with substantial benefits to farmers and the environment. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), allocation of more NO3 (-) to shoots was associated with higher NUE; however, the commonality of this process across plant species have not been sufficiently studied. Two Brassica napus genotypes were identified with high and low NUE. We found that activities of V-ATPase and V-PPase, the two tonoplast proton-pumps, were significantly lower in roots of the high-NUE

Search for low-allergenic apple cultivars for birch-pollen-allergic patients: is there a correlation between in vitro assays and patient response?

BACKGROUND: Due to the cross-reactivity between Bet v 1 and proteins present in vegetable foods, birch pollen allergic patients frequently develop allergy to fruits and vegetables, mostly apples. Since many apple cultivars exist some of them might contain sufficiently low amounts of Mal d 1 to be tolerated by most allergic patients. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether apple cultivars containing low amounts of Mal d 1 are better tolerated by apple-allergic patients. METHODS: Mal d 1 content was determined in many apple cultivars by ELISA. Selected cultivars containing high (Golden Delicious) or low

From recognition to response: integrated signaling pathways determining pollen acceptance and rejection in Brassicaceae.

Generation of competent offspring is vital for the prosperity of flowering plants. The pistil not only functions as a conduit for pollen tubes to grow to the ovary but also provides a selective venue for facilitating the growth of compatible pollen tubes and discouraging invaders and incompatible pollen. This review integrates recent advances in pollen-pistil interactions on dry stigmas of the Brassicaceae in the domains of self-incompatibility (SI) and cross-compatibility. We first outline the initial recognition mechanisms that distinguish self from nonself pollen and then highlight how key

Advances in Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Heat Stress in Apple and Pear.

Persistent global warming significantly impacts crop phenology and productivity, with perennial fruit trees facing heightened challenges due to their long life cycles and complex heat stress accumulation. Apple and pear, which hold substantial economic and nutritional value, are particularly vulnerable to high temperatures, manifesting as accelerated phenology, impaired floral organ development, disrupted pollination and fertilization, and insufficient fruit coloration-all of which severely compromise fruit quality and commercial value. Although recent advances have been made in elucidating he

Plant Ploidy Level and the Presence of Cadmium in the Growing Environment Changes the Content of the Main Components of the Phenolic Complex in Buckwheat Sprouts.

For the first time, the composition and the content of the main components of the phenolic complex of aboveground organs of buckwheat plants (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) with different levels of ploidy (2n and 4n) at the initial stages of ontogenesis and their changes under the action of cadmium (Cd, 65 µM) were studied by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography. In all variants, phenolic compounds (PCs) were represented by chlorogenic acid (phenylpropanoid), rutin (flavonol), as well as orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin (flavones). The amount of PCs in the cotyledon