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Comparative gene expression profiling of olfactory ensheathing glia and Schwann cells indicates distinct tissue repair characteristics of olfactory ensheathing glia.

Olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) are a specialized type of glia that support the growth of primary olfactory axons from the neuroepithelium in the nasal cavity to the brain. Transplantation of OEG in the injured spinal cord promotes sprouting of injured axons and results in reduced cavity formation, enhanced axonal and tissue sparing, remyelination, and angiogenesis. Gene expression analysis may help to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the ability of OEG to recreate an environment that supports regeneration in the central nervous system. Here, we compared the transcriptome of cultu…

Behavioral, temporal, and spatial targets for cellular transplants as adjuncts to rehabilitation for stroke.

Stem cell and more differentiated neural cell transplantation strategies are an intriguing approach for neural repair to augment rehabilitat … in a network. If demyelinated axons exist in the periphery of an infarct, they could be targets for remyelination to reestablish conductivity. Much is unknown, however, about the mechanisms by which pluripotent embryonic and multipotent neural stem cells serve as agents of therapeutic plasticity. The robustness of their effects on neuromodulation, reorganizatio …

Early paranodal myelin swellings (tomacula) in an avian riboflavin deficiency model of demyelinating neuropathy.

INTRODUCTION: Disruption of the complex architectural and molecular organization of the paranodal region of myelinated peripheral nerve fibe … owing demyelination. CONCLUSION: Tomacula due to redundant myelin folds are generally considered a remyelination phenomenon, yet in this avian riboflavin deficiency model of demyelination, the paranodal tomacula occurred early in the course of demyelination.

N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 expression in injured sciatic nerves.

N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1)/RTP/Drg1/Cap43/rit42/TDD5/Ndr1 is expressed ubiquitously and has been proposed to play a role in g … was also confirmed by Western blotting analysis. NDRG1 expression finally recovered at the stage of remyelination, with immunoreactivity stronger than that in intact nerves. These findings suggest that NDRG1 may play an important role in the terminal differentiation of SCs during nerve regeneration.

PMP22 overexpression causes dysmyelination in mice.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most frequent hereditary peripheral neuropathy in humans. Its prevalence is about one in 2500. A su … fect in the myelination of axons. The largest axons are the most affected. Only a few demyelination/remyelination processes were observed. Moreover, PMP22 overexpression probably enhances collagen synthesis by fibroblasts, before myelination, demonstrating that structures other than Schwann cells are affected by PMP22 overexpression. Classically, CMT1A was thou …

Dejerine-Sottas disease and hereditary demyelinating polyneuropathy of infancy.

Dejerine-Sottas disease (DSD) was originally described as a hypertrophic polyneuropathy characterized by onset in infancy or early childhood … e morphological hallmark was the extensive nerve and root hypertrophy associated with demyelination-remyelination of surviving, originally myelinated axons and profuse Schwann-cell proliferation forming onion bulbs. Wide variations in clinical manifestations of chronic demyelinating polyneuropathies of early onset in children born to unaffected parents have now …

Chronic experimental allergic neuritis in Lewis rats.

An experimental chronic relapsing demyelinating neuropathy was produced by immunizing adult Lewis rats with bovine myelin in low (2.5 mg) an … the prominent changes in peripheral nerves and nerve roots were axon loss, axonal regeneration and remyelination while inflammatory cell infiltration was confined to occasional foci. Onion bulb formation was extremely common in the dorsal root ganglia and affected in particular the nerve fibres close to the dorsal root ganglion cells. The cells forming the oni …

Aegle marmelos neuroprotective potential in demyelination rat model through modulation of BDNF, GDNF, HSP-90 and HSP-60.

Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by axonal damage and demyelination; however, existing immunomodulatory treatments … neuronal architecture. By concurrently reducing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and promoting remyelination, these results show that AME exhibits strong neuroprotection. Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by axonal damage and demyelination; however, existing immunomodulatory treatments are ineffective requiring development of new th …

Safety and efficacy of bexarotene in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (CCMR One): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2a study.

BACKGROUND: Progressive disability in multiple sclerosis occurs because CNS axons degenerate as a late consequence of demyelination. In animals, retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma agonists promote remyelination. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of a non-selective retinoid X receptor agonist in promoting remyelination in people with multiple sclerosis. METHODS: This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2a trial (CCMR One) recruited patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis from two centres in the UK. Eligible participants were aged 18-50 years …

Chitosan-based nerve guidance conduits functionalized with fibroblast-derived extracellular vesicles promote peripheral nerve regeneration via miR-143-3p delivery.

Fibroblasts, one of the core cellular components of peripheral nerves, play a pivotal role during peripheral nerve regeneration; however, wh … rated the recovery of sensory, motor, and electrophysiological functions, stimulated the growth and remyelination of regenerated axons, and alleviated denervation-induced atrophy of target muscles. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we screened miRNAs enriched in fibroblast-EVs through miRNA sequencing. Among these miRNAs, miR-143-3p with the hig …

Dynamic structural connectivity changes in cortical and cortico-striatal strokes in mice.

Beyond immediate neuronal damage, functional and structural connectivity is altered brain-wide with implications for functional deficits and recovery in stroke. It remains unclear, however, if the level of axonal damage, as well as compensatory plasticity, i.e., axonal sprouting and remyelination, depend on the lesion size and topology. This study compared two different stroke models in adult male mice, with the aim of uncovering the dynamics in white matter changes. Repetitive diffusion magnetic resonance imaging was acquired over 4 weeks post photothrombotic cortical (1.41% ± 0.92% of brain …

Sequential delivery of STING inhibitor and rapamycin by a Sr-Zn mesoporous bioactive glass platform for spinal cord injury repair.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to permanent neurological deficits, primarily due to immune dysregulation following trauma. Current biomateri … outgrowth. In a mouse SCI model, the injectable MBG-hydrogel hybrid reduces lesion volume, promotes remyelination, axonal regrowth, and motor function. Treg depletion or CCR4 blockade abrogates therapeutic benefits, confirming the role of adaptive immunity. This study offers a dual-arm immunoengineering strategy that couples innate suppression and adaptive tole …

Rethinking MS Therapeutics: From Disease Pathogenesis Mechanisms to AI-Driven Drug Discovery.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the CNS, characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and progressive neurodegeneration. Disease progression involves four key interconnected stages: the activation of immune cells in peripheral lymph regions, the migration of autoreactive cells across the blood-brain barrier, demyelination, and an often incomplete remyelination response. Despite such significant therapeutic advances, major challenges remain in early diagnosis, patient stratification, and personalized intervention. Artificial intelligence has emerged as a powerful to…

Piezo1 in the central nervous system: decoding the mechanical signature of neuroinflammation.

Neuroinflammation has historically been viewed through a biochemical lens, governed by cytokines and danger signals. While this paradigm has … comes-from plaque-associated microglial responses in Alzheimer's disease to mechanically restricted remyelination in multiple sclerosis, acute vascular or parenchymal injury in stroke and trauma, and emerging links to seizure-associated swelling and hyperexcitability in epilepsy. Finally, we propose an integrated "Mechanical Alterations-Piezo1-Immune Regulation …

Cortisol Dysregulation as a Major Factor in the Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Drug Targets and Therapeutic Prospects: A Comprehensive Review.

Cortisol, regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, is critical for stress response, metabolism, and immune function. Its … axis hyperactivity is associated with cognitive deficits and lesion activity, though it may support remyelination. Chronic stress exacerbates these effects across disorders, promoting neuronal vulnerability. Cortisol dysregulation is a significant contributor to neurodegenerative pathology, acting as both a biomarker and therapeutic target. Emerging interventio …

Therapeutic exercise in multiple sclerosis: Mechanisms of neuroprotection, modality-specific benefits, and technology-enhanced delivery frameworks.

Exercise represents a foundational disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS), engaging interconnected biological pathways including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-mediated neuroprotection, pro-inflammatory cytokine reduction (IL-6, TNF-α), oligodendrocyte precursor stimulation for remyelination, and metabolic optimization. This comprehensive review synthesizes evidence from 103 studies on exercise modalities and technology-enhanced delivery systems. Analysis reveals that appropriately prescribed exercise significantly improves health-related quality of life (HRQoL; Surfac…

Стратегии, основанные на нанопчасти, для преодоления кровеносного барьера в расстройствах CNS и раке мозга: точная диагностика и лечение болезни Альцгеймера, Паркинсона, множественный склероз и глиобластомы.

Технологии, основанные на нанопчасти (NP), трансформируют управление расстройствами центральной нервной системы (CNS), такими, как болезнь Альцгеймера (AD), болезнь Паркинсона (PD), множественный склероз (MS) и рак мозга (BC), глиобластома, превысив уровень мозгового барьера (BBB) и опухоли крови (BBTB). Этот обзор включает подходы к NP, включающие органические (например, липосомы, полимерные NP), неорганические (например, золото, окись железа), углеродные и гибридные системы, для преодоления барьеров, обусловленных конкретными заболеваниями. В AD суперпарамагнитные оксиды железа (SPIONs) и зо

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Nanoparticle (NP)-based technologies are transforming the management of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as Alzheimer's disease ( … ved motor outcomes. In MS, PEGylated liposomes and PLGA NPs regulate autoimmune responses, inducing remyelination and attenuating neuroinflammation. For BC, dendrimers and magnetic NPs facilitate targeted chemotherapy delivery across the BBB/BBTB, improving glioblastoma treatment outcomes. We compare NP types critically based on physicochemical characteristics, …

Гастродин поощряет миелиогенез CNS и смягчает демиелионирующее повреждение путем активации сигнала PI3K/AKT/mTOR.

Демиелинция является общей особенностью многочисленных неврологических расстройств, включая множественный склероз и лейкодистрофию. Хотя миелин может быть регенерирован самопроизвольно после травмы, этот процесс зачастую является неадекватным, что может привести к нейродегенерации и обострению неврологической дисфункции. Ряд наркотиков, направленных на содействие дифференциации клеток-прекурсоров олигодендроцитов (ОПК), привели к неудовлетворительным клиническим последствиям. В одном из недавних исследований стратегия дифференциации в пользу ОПС была переориентирована на укрепление миелиногене

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Demyelination is a common feature of numerous neurological disorders including multiple sclerosis and leukodystrophies. Although myelin can … OL maturation. Furthermore, injection of gastrodin (100 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.p.) effectively facilitated remyelination in a lysophosphatidylcholine-induced demyelinating mouse model and alleviated demyelination in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice. These results identify gastrodin as a promising therapeutic agent for demyelinating diseases and highl …

Комбинированная терапия с экзосомами и ингибированием NLRP3 улучшает ремонт миелина в модели демиэлирования, вызванной кухонной зоной.

Множественный склероз (MS), хронический нервно-воспалительный расстройство, связан с демиэлированием и нейродегенерацией, что требует лечения, которое в настоящее время направлено на воспаление и способствует ремонту миелин. В рамках этого исследования изучалась совокупная эффективность мезенхимальных стволовых клеток (МСЦ) и MCC950, а также ингибитора NLRP3 воспаления в модели мыши обезвоживания, вызванной кухонной зоной (CPZ). Тридцать самцов мышей C57BL/6J были отнесены к пяти группам: здоровый контроль, CPZ + Saline, CPZ + EXO, CPZ + MC950, и CPZ + EXO + MEC950. Экзосомы были изолированы о

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic neuroinflammatory disorder, involves demyelination and neurodegeneration, necessitating therapies that cu … ere comparable across treatments. Compared with monotherapy, combined EXOs-MCC950 therapy increased remyelination, as evidenced by elevated oligodendrocyte lineage markers (PDGFRα, Olig2, and MBP), reduced the extent of demyelination, and restored PLP expression. Neuroinflammation was suppressed via reduced astrocytes and proinflammatory cytokines expression (I …

Therapeutic Potential of Ultrasound Neuromodulation in Decreasing Neuropathic Pain: Clinical and Experimental Evidence.

BackgroundFor more than seven decades, ultrasound has been used as an imaging and diagnostic tool. Today, new technologies, such as focused … ood flow, inflammation and neurotoxicity, neuronal morphology and survival, nerve regeneration, and remyelination. Some experimental models have shown that LIFUS may reduce allodynia after peripheral nerve damage. At the same time, a few clinical studies support its beneficial effect on reducing pain in nerve compression syndromes. In turn, Thalamic HIFUS ablat …