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The Relationship Between Obesity and Cancer: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and the Effect of Obesity Treatment on Cancer.

There is growing evidence relating to the risk of cancer in people with obesity. Obesity is already established as one of the strongest predisposing factors to cancer, and 'obesity-related' cancers have been defined in previous studies. In this review article, we examine the epidemiological relationship and describe the potential pathophysiological mechanisms that underpin the association between obesity and cancer. These include hormonal and growth factors that are in abundance in persons living with obesity and thereby increase cancer risk. Additionally, the increased disposition towards chr

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… Similarly, resistin, a member of the resistin-like molecule family (RELMs), is elevated in obesity [ 14 , 15 ]. … Resistin binds to receptors such as the transmembrane Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) to activate several signalling pathways which promotes tumorigenesis [ 14 , 15 ]. …

Obesity, inflammation, and cancer in dogs: Review and perspectives.

Obesity is the most common nutritional disease in dogs, and its prevalence has increased in recent decades. Several countries have demonstrated a prevalence of obesity in dogs similar to that observed in humans. Chronic low-grade inflammation is a prominent basis used to explain how obesity results in numerous negative health consequences. This is well known and understood, and recent studies have pointed to the association between obesity and predisposition to specific types of cancers and their complications. Such elucidations are important because, like obesity, the prevalence of cancer in

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… They were able to elucidate that a resistin concentrations three-fold higher resistin concentrations in obese females compared to ideal-weight females, which corroborates with findings of serum resistin in humans with obesity. … Resistin: A reappraisal. Mech Ageing Dev. (2019) 178:46–63. 10.1016/j.mad.2019.01.004 134. Apalasamy YD, Rampal S, Salim A, Moy FM, Su TT, Majid HA, et al. Polymorphisms of the resistin gene and their association with obesity and resistin levels in Malaysian Malays. …

Unraveling Obesity and Multiple Myeloma: Insights from Epidemiology and Molecular Mechanisms.

Purpose of reviewThe global incidence of obesity has risen dramatically in recent decades, with consequent detrimental health effects. Extensive studies have demonstrated that obesity significantly affects the risk, prognosis, and progression of various cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM). As an established modifiable risk factor for both MM and its precursor stages -monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) and smoldering MM (SMM)- the association between obesity and disease onset has become a compelling area of research. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the cu

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… Resistin Resistin, initially identified in 2001, was recognized for its activity in inducing insulin resistance and glucose intolerance [ 110 ]. In mice, it is released from white adipose tissue, while in humans, resistin is produced by monocytes and macrophages. … Accordingly, a positive correlation between serum resistin levels and BMI has been reported, with obese individuals revealing higher resistin concentrations [ 117 ]. However, data concerning obesity, resistin levels and MM risk are still controversial. …

Bone Marrow Adipocytes, Adipocytokines, and Breast Cancer Cells: Novel Implications in Bone Metastasis of Breast Cancer.

Accumulating discoveries highlight the importance of interaction between marrow stromal cells and cancer cells for bone metastasis. Bone is the most common metastatic site of breast cancer and bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) are the most abundant component of the bone marrow microenvironment. BMAs are unique in their origin and location, and recently they are found to serve as an endocrine organ that secretes adipokines, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. It is reasonable to speculate that BMAs contribute to the modification of bone metastatic microenvironment and affecting metastatic br

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… Resistin shows dual functions in bone remodeling. On the one hand, resistin accelerates the proliferation of osteoblastic precursors ( 130 ). On the other hand, resistin facilitates osteoclasts differentiation via regulating protein kinase C (PKC) and PKA signaling pathways ( 139 ). … Resistin upregulates VEGF expression in cancer cells to promote angiogenesis via PI3K/Akt signaling cascades ( 156 ). …

Clinical and Therapeutic Implications of Male Obesity.

The prevalence of obesity, a disorder linked to numerous comorbidities and metabolic complications, has recently increased dramatically worldwide and is highly prevalent in men, even at a young age. Compared to female patients, men with obesity more frequently have delayed diagnosis, higher severity of obesity, increased mortality rate, and only a minority of obese male patients are successfully treated, including with bariatric surgery. The aim of this review was to present the current state of knowledge about the clinical and therapeutic implications of obesity diagnosed in males.

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… In obesity, there are observed higher levels of resistin, contributing to impaired insulin signaling and increased inflammation, which can further worsen metabolic dysfunction. … Association between serum resistin, adiposity measures and inflammatory makers in women without cardiovascular diseases. Chem. Phys. Lipids. 2019;218:136–140. doi: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.12.005. 42. …

Mechanisms Behind the Pharmacological Application of Biochanin-A: A review.

This review was aimed at summarizing the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind the various pharmacological actions of biochanin-A. Many studies have been reported claiming its application in cancers, metabolic disorders, airway hyperresponsiveness, cardiac disorders, neurological disorders, etc. With regard to hormone-dependent cancers like breast, prostate, and other malignancies like pancreatic, colon, lung, osteosarcoma, glioma that has limited treatment options, biochanin-A revealed agreeable results in arresting cancer development. Biochanin-A has also shown therapeutic benefits when a

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… The role of serum adiponectin and serum resistin as a glucose metabolism regulator in diabetes is discoursed and it is found that biochanin-A improved adiponectin release and augments insulin activity. … The elevated resistin usually observed in the type-1 diabetic condition is decreased after biochanin-A intake. The oxidative stress produced in diabetes was also taken care of by biochanin-A ( Salemi et al. , 2018 ). …

Disruption of the microenvironmental ecosystem in subchondral bone marrow lesions: Roles in osteoarthritis pathophysiology, pain and progression.

This narrative review explores the role of subchondral bone in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA), emphasizing the biomechanical and biochemical contributions that it makes to disease progression. A fresh perspective is presented by the authors in the form of a novel hypothesis that implicates mechano-inflammatory disruption of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironmental ecosystem (BM niche), unresolved inflammation, and fibrosis as key drivers of OA pathogenesis and pain. BMLs, detectable via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), serve as dynamic imaging biomarkers that correlate with pain se

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… Adipocytes from marrow fat secrete pro-inflammatory adipokines, including leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and express PPARγ ( peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ), a key regulator of adipogenesis. … Adipocytes from marrow fat secrete pro-inflammatory adipokines, including leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and express PPARγ ( peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ), a key regulator of adipogenesis. …

[Preliminary study on the effect of Echinococcus multilocaris on phenotypic transformations of glucose metabolism and polarization types in macrophages].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Echinococcus multilocularis on the phenotypic transformations of glucose metabolism, polarization t … .00, P < 0.000 1), macrophages-derived C-C motif chemokine 22 (Ccl22) (F = 22 203.00, P < 0.000 1), resistin-like α (Retnla) (F = 151.90, P < 0.000 1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (F = 107.80, P < 0.001), hexokinase (HK) (F = 9 389.00, P < 0.000 1), pyruvate kinase (PK) (F = 641.40, P < 0.001), phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1) (F = 43.97, P < 0.01), …

Safety and Feasibility of Fasting-Mimicking Diet and Effects on Nutritional Status and Circulating Metabolic and Inflammatory Factors in Cancer Patients Undergoing Active Treatment.

In preclinical studies, fasting was found to potentiate the effects of several anticancer treatments, and early clinical studies indicated that patients may benefit from regimes of modified fasting. However, concerns remain over possible negative impact on the patients' nutritional status. We assessed the feasibility and safety of a 5-day "Fasting-Mimicking Diet" (FMD) as well as its effects on body composition and circulating growth factors, adipokines and cyto/chemokines in cancer patients. In this single-arm, phase I/II clinical trial, patients with solid or hematologic malignancy, low nutr

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… ELISA Assays Whole blood collection (by venous blood draws) followed by serum separation, as described elsewhere [ 2 ], for the determination of circulating levels of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, c-peptide (as a proxy for insulin production), IGF1, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1 … Serum leptin, adiponectin, resistin, c-peptide, IGF1, IGFBP1, IGFBP3 (( A ), n = 9), MMP8, MMP9, MPO, TIMP1, TIMP2, MMP9/TIMP1 complex (M/T c), OPN, ICAM1, VCAM1 and hs-CRP (( B ), n = 7) before the start of a FMD cycle and immediately after it (on day 6, before re-feeding started); and before the start …

Adipocyte-Tumor Interactions in the Bone Marrow Niche: Implications for Metastasis and Therapy.

Bone metastases continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with advanced cancers, driven by the dynamic remodeling of the bone marrow niche. Traditionally viewed as passive space-fillers, bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) are now recognized as active regulators of tumor growth, therapeutic resistance, and skeletal pathology. BMAs comprise a significant portion of the adult marrow space, particularly in aging and obesity, and facilitate metastatic colonization through various mechanisms. These include metabolic coupling, where adipocyte-derived fatty acids fuel tumor oxidat

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… Lastly, resistin, another adipokine secreted by BMAs, promotes osteoclast activation, inhibits osteoblast activity, and enhances tumor microenvironment inflammation and angiogenesis by activating various signaling pathways like NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and PI3K/AKT [ 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 ]. 4.4. … The previously mentioned resistin has been shown to be an inducer of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter expression via promoting the demethylation of ABCC5 and ABCG2 genes as well as downregulating DNA methyltransferase 1 and 3a [ 131 ]. …

A Multi-Biomarker Disease Activity Score and the Choice of Second-Line Therapy in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis After Methotrexate Failure.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the Multi-Biomarker Disease Activity (MBDA) score predicts optimal add-on treatment in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were inadequate responders to MTX (MTX-IRs). METHODS: We analyzed data from 157 MTX-IRs (with a Disease Activity Score using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate [DAS28-ESR] >3.2) from the Swedish Pharmacotherapy (SWEFOT) trial who were randomized to receive triple therapy (MTX plus sulfasalazine plus hydroxychloroquine) versus MTX plus infliximab. The MBDA score as a predictor of the subsequent DAS28-based response to each se

Позвоните посредникам в Множественной миеломе: увязка ожирения с болезнями костей с помощью воспаленных путей.

У пациентов, у которых диагностирован множественный миелома (ММ), основные жалобы на момент диагностики часто связаны с костями, что существенно влияет на качество жизни и повышает заболеваемость и смертность. Ожирение ассоциируется с хроническим воспалительным состоянием, которое приводит к производству различных цитокинов и адипокинов, что может способствовать разрушению костей. Адипониктин, адипокин, в основном скрытый адипоцитами, значительно сокращается в обращении среди лиц с ожирением, что также наблюдается в MM. Это сокращение может привести к нарушению и без того скомпрометированной а

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… One notable theory implies that marrow adipocytes are capable of producing adipokines such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, visfatin, and adipsin, which could modulate the differentiation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts [ 50 ]. … Leptin and resistin levels in serum of patients with hematologic malignancies: Correlation with clinical characteristics Exp. Oncol. 2006 28 241 244 17080020 86. Liu R. Gao D. Lv Y. Zhai M. He A. …

Clinical implications of nonsarcomeric gene polymorphisms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis. Although is an autosomal dominant trait, a group of nonsarcomeric genes have been postulated as modifiers of the phenotypic heterogeneity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We prospectively recruited 168 HCM patients and 136 healthy controls from three referral centres. Patients and controls were clinically stable at entry in the study. Nine polymorphisms previously associated with ventricular remodelling were determined: I/D ACE, AGTR1(A1666C), CYP11B2(C344T), PGC1-α(G482S), COLIA1(G2046T), ADRB1(R3

Pretreatment multi-biomarker disease activity score and radiographic progression in early RA: results from the SWEFOT trial.

OBJECTIVES: Prediction of radiographic progression (RP) in early rheumatoid arthritis (eRA) would be very useful for optimal choice among available therapies. We evaluated a multi-biomarker disease activity (MBDA) score, based on 12 serum biomarkers as a baseline predictor for 1-year RP in eRA. METHODS: Baseline disease activity score based on erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR), disease activity score based on C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP), CRP, MBDA scores and DAS28-ESR at 3 months were analysed for 235 patients with eRA from the Swedish Farmacotherapy (SWEFOT) clinical trial. RP wa

Implications of Angiogenesis Involvement in Arthritis.

Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, is essential in the pathogenesis of joint inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA), facilitating the invasion of inflammatory cells and increase in local pain receptors that contribute to structural damage and pain. The angiogenic process is perpetuated by various mediators such as growth factors, primarily vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), as well as proinflammatory cytokines, various chemokines, matrix components, cell adhesion molecules, proteases, and others.

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… Resistin may be an appropriate target in RA. Resistin promotes endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) homing into the synovium during RA angiogenesis via a signal transduction pathway involving VEGF expression in primary EPCs [ 22 ]. … Resistin promotes angiogenesis in endothelial progenitor cells through inhibition of microrna206: Potential implications for rheumatoid arthritis Stem Cells 2015 33 2243 2255 10.1002/stem.2024 25828083 23. Sun X. Wei J. Tang Y. Wang B. Zhang Y. Shi L. Guo J. Hu F. Li X. …

Бенефициарное воздействие Омега-3 Жировых кислот на ожирение и связанные с ним метаболические и хронические воспаленные заболевания.

Известно, что омега-3 полинунасыщенные жирные кислоты (N-3 PUFA) помогают решить проблему воспаления посредством создания антивоспалительных эйкосаноидов и специализированных посредников по восстановлению, включая резолвинов, защитных сооружений и мареинов. Благодаря привязке к рецептору GPR120/FFAR4 они оказывают благоприятное воздействие в результате фосфолипидной реконструкции мембраны, повреждения воспалительных сигнальных молекул, последующего ингибирования NF-ИВ и воспаления активации, а также уменьшения окислительного стресса. Ожирение, хроническое воспалительное заболевание, которое пр

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… Most adipokines (leptin, visfatin, and resistin) promote the activation of an inflammatory circuit, known as meta-inflammation, leading to the synthesis of degradative enzymes, ROS, and prostaglandins [ 117 , 168 ]. … Accordingly, another study, also using a high-fat-diet mouse model, demonstrated that supplementation with n -3 PUFAs, but not with n -6 PUFAs, attenuated injury-induced OA, decreased leptin and resistin levels, and significantly enhanced wound repair [ 172 ]. …

Effects of Obesity and Calorie Restriction on Cancer Development.

The risk of malignant tumor development is increasing in the world. Obesity is an established risk factor for various malignancies. There are many metabolic alterations associated with obesity which promote cancerogenesis. Excessive body weight leads to increased levels of estrogens, chronic inflammation and hypoxia, which can play an important role in the development of malignancies. It is proved that calorie restriction can improve the state of patients with various diseases. Decreased calorie uptake influences lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism, hormone levels and cell processes. Ma

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… An increased resistin level is associated with the promotion of cancer cell survival and proliferation via the activation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK. … The pro-inflammatory effects of resistin, along with the up-regulation of TLR4 and NF κB and an increased level of IL-6, paracrinically induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis [ 68 ]. …

Plasma микроRNA Подпись как предсказательный знак клинической реакции на терапию во время множественного склероза.

ЦЕЛЬ: Несмотря на наличие эффективных методов лечения множественного склероза (MS), непредсказуемый характер развития заболеваний и изменчивость результатов индивидуального лечения требуют надежных биомаркеров. Цель этого экспериментального исследования заключается в изучении потенциала плазмы, циркулирующей микроРНК (миРНК), в качестве биомаркеров-метилфумаратов для клинической реакции на диметил-фумарат (ДМП), широко применяемой пероральной обработки НР. МЕТОДЫ: Образцы периферальной крови были взяты из nineteen лиц с повторными выбросами MS (PwRRMS) до и после 3, 6, 12, и 24 месяцев управле

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… Cytokine and Soluble Factors Measurement Plasma levels of Ghrelin, Leptin, Resistin, Adiponectin, Serpin E1, and Adipsin were evaluated using Human Magnetic Luminex Assays kits (R&D systems); plasma levels of GM‐CSF, IFNγ, IL1β, IL2, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL8 (CXCL8), IL10, IL12p70, IL17A (CTLA8), MCP1 (CCL2 … Correlates With the Levels of Relevant Soluble Factors Upon DMF Treatment In healthy controls and pwRRMS before and after DMF treatment, we also evaluated plasma levels of several cytokines (GM‐CSF, IFNγ, IL1β, IL2, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12p70, IL17A, MCP1, TNFα), metabolic factors (ghrelin, leptin, resistin …

Insulin Resistance at the Crossroads of Metabolic Inflammation, Cardiovascular Disease, Organ Failure and Cancer.

Insulin resistance (IR) describes impaired hormone signaling that triggers compensatory homeostatic responses resulting in hyperinsulinemia, increased accumulation of fatty substrates, lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death and fibrosis in target tissues. These processes ultimately lead to organ dysfunction and predispose certain individuals to various types of cancer. In this context, we will review the molecular pathogenesis and clinical significance of IR, its role in 'metaflammation', and the damage caused by IR in the pancreas, cardiovascular system, liver, and kidneys.

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… However, its concentrations fall in obesity, while leptin, resistin, and visfatin rise, driving NF-κB and JNK activation in macrophages and parenchymal cells, thereby amplifying systemic IR [ 77 ]. 4.2. … Obesity is also characterized by elevated levels of IR-inducing adipokines such as leptin, visfatin, and resistin [ 107 , 108 ]. …

Cancer and Obesity: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022.

BackgroundThis Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) provides an overview of cancer and increased body fat.MethodsThe scientific information for this CPS is based upon published scientific citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by the Obesity Medicine Association leadership.ResultsTopics include the increased risk of cancers among patients with obesity, cancer risk factor population-attributable fractions, genetic and epigenetic links between obesity and cancer, adiposopathic and mechanistic processes accounting for increased cancer risk

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… . | The adiposopathic hormone secretions most relevant to colorectal tumorigenesis include adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and ghrelin, which are involved in cell growth and proliferation, as well as tumor angiogenesis. … rate-limiting step of metastasis), and facilitate mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress, increasing the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS); examples include increased tumor necrosis factor, interleukins 6 and 1 beta, and plasminogen activator inhibitor, as well as increased leptin and resistin …