Результаты поиска

The Neurocognitive Effects of Bacopa monnieri and Cognitive Training on Markers of Brain Microstructure in Healthy Older Adults.

Bacopa monnieri (BM) is a herbal supplement that increases signaling molecules implicated in synaptogenesis. Combined with cognitive stimula … f. Exploratory neuroimaging analysis showed increased WM mean diffusivity (MD) and GM dispersion of neurites (orientation dispersion index, ODI) and decreased WM fractional anisotropy (FA) and GM neurite density (ND) in the BM group. No other outcomes reached statistical significance. An increase in ODI with a decrease in MD and ND in the BM group may indi …

Microglia depletion rapidly and reversibly alters amyloid pathology by modification of plaque compaction and morphologies.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prominent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ)-containing extracellular plaques, accompanied by a microglial-mediated inflammatory response, that leads to cognitive decline. Microglia perform many disease-modifying functions such as phagocytosis of plaques, plaque compaction, and modulation of inflammation through the secretion of cytokines. Microglia are reliant upon colony-stimulating factor receptor-1 (CSF1R) activation for survival. In AD mouse models, chronic targeted depletion of microglia via CSF1R antagonism attenuates p

The microenvironment in the Hirschsprung's disease gut supports myenteric plexus growth.

INTRODUCTION: The transplantation of neural crest derived stem cells (NCSC) is a potent alternative for the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR). Cells to be transplanted should find an appropriate microenvironment to survive and differentiate. Influences of HSCR-smooth-muscle-protein extracts upon isolated myenteric plexus cells, dissociated dorsal root ganglia and NCSC were studied in vitro to investigate the quality of this microenvironment effects. METHODS: Postnatal human gut from children undergoing colonic resection due to HSCR was divided in segments. Smooth muscle was dissected

Corneal sulfated glycosaminoglycans and their effects on trigeminal nerve growth cone behavior in vitro: roles for ECM in cornea innervation.

PURPOSE: Sensory trigeminal nerve growth cones innervate the cornea in a highly coordinated fashion. The purpose of this study was to determ … . High concentrations of immobilized KS, DS, and CSA/C inhibited neurite growth to varying degrees. Neurites traversing lower, permissive concentrations of immobilized DS and CSA/C displayed increased fasciculation and decreased branching, whereas KS caused decreased fasciculation and increased branching. Enzymatic digestion of sulfated GAGs canceled their …

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase regulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and neurogenesis after stroke in mice.

Here, we investigate the effects of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) on angiogenesis, neurogenesis, neurotrophic factor expression, and neurological functional outcome after stroke. Wild-type and eNOS knock-out (eNOS-/-) mice were subjected to permanent occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery. eNOS-/- mice exhibited more severe neurological functional deficit after stroke than wild-type mice. Decreased subventricular zone (SVZ) progenitor cell proliferation and migration, measured using bromodeoxyuridine, Ki-67, nestin, and doublecortin immunostaining in the ischemic brain, and d

Characterization of nerve growth factors (NGFs) from snake venoms by use of a novel, quantitative bioassay utilizing pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells overexpressing human trkA receptors.

Snake venoms are a very abundant source of nerve growth factors (NGF). NGFs of Elapidae showing 65% sequence homology with mouse or human NG … ated by NGF-trkA receptors. This process was evaluated by two different criteria: (1) elongation of neurites (E), and (2) Percentage of responsive cells (PRC) determined by digital acquisition of data and computer analysis. We found that snake venom NGFs were less potent than mouse NGF, and that cobra NGF was more potent than vipera NGF. These data indicat …

Pick's disease: hyperphosphorylated tau protein segregates to the somatoaxonal compartment.

Pick bodies and ballooned cells of Pick's disease and the neurofibrillary lesions of Alzheimer's disease are characterized by the presence of hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying tau hyperphosphorylation in Pick's disease and the distribution of abnormal tau in affected neurons. We have used a panel of phosphorylation-dependent (AT270, AT8, AT180, 12E8, PHF-1, AT10 and Tau-1) and phosphorylation-independent anti-tau antibodies (N-tau 5 and 134) to stain brain tissue sections from subjects with Pick's disease and Alzheimer's dis

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with florid plaques after cadaveric dura mater graft.

A patient with dura-associated Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (D-CJD) which occurred about 15 years after a dura mater graft is reported in the present study. The prion protein gene analysis disclosed no mutation. The D-CJD was atypical in: (i), the long interval between the onset of ataxia and the occurrence of dementia; (ii), the presence of transient myoclonus; and (iii), the presence of florid plaques in the brain. The electron-microscopic findings showed bundles of amyloid filaments which radiated from the center of the plaques without degenerating neurites. This case of D-CJD may belong to a …

Human dental pulp stem cell-derived mitochondria restore mitochondrial function and promote neuroregeneration in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease.

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons, primarily due to mit … activity, elevated ATP production, and reduced ROS. Treated cells also showed significantly longer neurites and increased expression of GAP43, TH, SYP, and DAT. Calcium imaging revealed restored intracellular calcium responses upon stimulation. Mitochondria from hDPSCs localized in both cell bodies and neurites and remained distinct from damaged host mito …

Motor involvement in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa type C.

The degeneration of pyramidal tracts has been reported in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein 43) patholo … primary motor area, phosphorylated TDP-43 (p-TDP-43) or annexin A11-immunoreactive long dystrophic neurites were observed in all cases, and neuronophagia of the Betz cells was frequently observed in two of four cases. In the lower motor system, p-TDP-43 or annexin A11-positive dystrophic neurites were detected in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Immu …

High phenylalanine concentrations induce demyelination and microglial activation in mouse cerebellar organotypic slices.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism. Mutations in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH)-encoding gene lead to a decr … ot 7 or 10 DIV, resulted in a significant decrease in myelin basic protein (MBP), calbindin-stained neurites, and neurites co-stained with MBP. Following exposure to a toxic concentration of Phe, a switch to the control medium for 7 days did not lead to remyelination, while very active remyelination was seen in slices following demyelination with lysolecit …

Amyloid β and tau pathology in brains of aged pinniped species (sea lion, seal, and walrus).

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) as senile plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and hyper … topathological examinations detected argyrophilic plaques composed of Aβ associated with dystrophic neurites in the cerebral cortex of aged pinnipeds. Astrogliosis and microglial infiltration were identified around Aβ plaques. Aβ deposits were observed in the blood vessel walls of the meninges and cerebrum. Pinniped tau protein was physiologically subjecte …

Hypertrophy of nigral neurons in Torsin1A deletion (DYT1) carriers manifesting dystonia.

OBJECTIVE: To individuate morphometric changes and prevalent types of intraneuronal inclusions in nigral neurons of DYT1 dystonia autopsy-br … rphometric analyses. The search of brain lesions was performed for: tau neurofibrillary tangles and neurites, extracellular β-amyloid deposits, Lewy bodies and neurites, TorsinA, Laminin A + C, Ubiquitin, p62, pTDP43 intraneuronal inclusions; and Negri, Bunina, Hirano, Marinesco, Nissl, and Buscaino bodies. RESULTS: An increased mean cell body, nuclear, a …

Differential taurine effect on outgrowth from goldfish retinal ganglion cells after optic crush or axotomy. Influence of the optic tectum.

The interaction between innervated tissues, targets and nerves is crucial in the maintenance of physiological conditions, and the disturbanc … optic axotomy, did not affect the survival of cultured retinal cells, as well as the length of the neurites. However, the number of neurites per cell and the branching of the longest fiber were higher after axotomy than after crushing. The addition of taurine to the medium did not modify this response at 5 days in culture. At early periods in culture, the …

Motor neurone disease-inclusion dementia.

We describe nine patients, five women and four men (age at death 58-83 years), who developed isolated progressive frontotemporal dementia ov … neuronal loss, gliosis or ubiquitin-immunoreactive inclusions. Ubiquitin-immunoreactive dystrophic neurites were detected within affected cortex, being most conspicuous in layer II in areas containing microvacuolation. Dystrophic neurites were not detected in subcortical structures. Spinal cords were unavailable for examination because of limited autopsy …

Good vibrations: Sternal vibration enhances white matter density and interoceptive awareness.

Vibration-based therapies are understudied but promising methods for alleviating psychiatric symptoms, particularly when paired with behavioral practices. The potential neuroplastic changes associated with a novel neurostimulation method, sternal vibration, and associations with clinical change remain unknown. We examined effects of sternal vibration paired with mindfulness meditation on change in white matter microstructure and dissociation using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) in trauma-exposed adults with elevated dissociative symptoms. A total of 116 trauma-expos

Нейрональный метаболизм в совершенствовании кетогенного рациона в болезненной модели мыши, вызванной бортезомибами.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Кетогенная диета (КД) может способствовать целому ряду неврологических заболеваний, включая различные виды периферической нейропатии. Бортезомиб (ББТ) — первая химиотерапия для лечения множественной миэломы, оказывает нейротоксичное воздействие и часто вызывает периферическую нейропатию, вызванную химиотерапией. ЦЕЛИ: Здесь мы проверили, может ли KD предотвратить возникновение небольшой волокнистой нейропатии и поведенческой гиперчувствительности, связанной с периферической нейропатией (BIPN), вызванной бортезомибами. МЕТОДЫ: C57BL/мужчина6 Мышей кормили либо стандартной диетой, либо

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Ketones promote growth and prevent bortezomib-induced neurite degeneration It is known that BTZ causes neurite degeneration in vitro, 42 but there is little research surrounding preventing BTZ-induced neurite degeneration. … Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated that ketones can promote neurite outgrowth in vitro. 10 Here, the addition of ketones in vitro 2 days before BTZ significantly mitigated neurite loss, supporting the effect on IENFD in vivo and suggesting that ketones may protect neurites by altering …

Multimodal diffusion MRI biomarkers of white matter alterations and clinical impairment in mTBI.

INTRODUCTION: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), which includes concussion, often results in subtle white matter abnormalities that are not detectable with conventional neuroimaging. This study investigated microstructural brain changes in individuals with subacute mTBI using advanced diffusion MRI (dMRI) techniques, including multi-shell diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), free-water corrected DTI (fw-DTI), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI). METHODS: Twenty individuals with mTBI and 24 healthy controls (HCs) underwent dMRI and cogni

Effects of Physical Activity on Brain White Matter Integrity Are Region-, Dose-, and Age-Dependent: Findings From the Population-Based Rhineland Study.

White matter integrity is a sensitive marker of cerebrovascular health and aging. Physical activity may promote white matter health, but previous studies were limited by self-reported activity and small sample sizes. We examined the association between accelerometer-based physical activity and novel indices of white matter integrity while identifying potential mediators. We analyzed cross-sectional baseline data from 4188 participants (58% women, mean age: 55.4 years) of the Rhineland Study, a prospective cohort study in Bonn, Germany. Physical activity measures (independent variables) were de

Longitudinal non-linear changes in the microstructure of the hippocampal subfields in older adults.

Human brains undergo considerable morphologic variation with age, a primary risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders. While aging often causes neurocognitive decline, its governing biological mechanisms remain unclear. These age-related brain microstructural changes may be quantified by advanced diffusion MRI (dMRI) with tissue-specific compartment modeling approach. This longitudinal study investigates age-related differences in hippocampal subfields vulnerable to early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thirty-seven cognitively normal (CN) older adults (70.6 ± 6.7 years) from the Indiana