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Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Multiple Sclerosis Lesions.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted proteins that belong to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. In the adult brain, they modulate neurogenesis, favor astrogliogenesis, and inhibit oligodendrogenesis. Because BMPs may be involved in the failure of remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS), we characterized the expression of BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-5, and BMP-7; BMP type II receptor (BMPRII); and phosphorylated SMAD (pSMAD) 1/5/8 in lesions of MS and other demyelinating diseases. A total of 42 MS lesions, 12 acute ischemic lesions, 8 progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy lesi…

Cervical spinal demyelination with ethidium bromide impairs respiratory (phrenic) activity and forelimb motor behavior in rats.

Although respiratory complications are a major cause of morbidity/mortality in many neural injuries or diseases, little is known concerning … r vehicle (SHAM). EB caused dorsolateral demyelination at C2-C3 followed by significant spontaneous remyelination at 14 days post-EB. Although ventilation did not differ between groups, ipsilateral integrated phrenic nerve burst amplitude was significantly reduced versus SHAM during chemoreceptor activation at 7 days post-EB but recovered by 14 days. The ratio …

Alcoholic neuropathy is clinicopathologically distinct from thiamine-deficiency neuropathy.

Characteristics of alcoholic neuropathy have been obscured by difficulty in isolating them from features of thiamine-deficiency neuropathy. … onal loss predominated in TDN. Subperineurial edema was more prominent in TDN, whereas segmental de/remyelination resulting from widening of consecutive nodes of Ranvier was more frequent in ALN. Myelin irregularity was greater in ALN. ALN-TD showed a variable mixture of these features in ALN and TDN. We concluded that pure-form of alcoholic neuropathy (ALN) wa …

Purification of Schwann cells by selection of p75 low affinity nerve growth factor receptor expressing cells from adult peripheral nerve.

The intrinsic capacity of Schwann cells to promote regeneration after limited peripheral nerve lesions has been successfully transferred to … enerate autologous Schwann cells for clinical transplantation strategies aiming for axon repair and remyelination.

The role of secretome from mesenchymal stromal cells in promoting nerve regeneration after neurotmesis.

BACKGROUND: Neurotmesis, remains a significant clinical challenge due to limited intrinsic regenerative capacity and suboptimal outcomes of current therapies. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) secretome has emerged as a promising cell-free alternative, providing neurotrophic and immunomodulatory factors to support nerve repair. This study aimed to evaluate the regenerative efficacy of primed adipose-derived MSC secretome in a rat model of sciatic nerve neurotmesis. METHODS: Human and rat adipose-derived MSCs were cultured and primed under hypoxic and inflammatory conditions. Secretomes were ch

The dynamic expression of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in the pathologic process of experimental autoimmune neuritis.

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), an autoimmune disease and an acute inflammation disorder, is currently the most frequent cause of … .Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signalling is associated with the promotion of remyelination in EAN rats.

MaR1 and NGF co-treatment promotes sciatic nerve repair by modulating GSK-3β/NF-κB signaling and suppressing inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Maresin 1 (MaR1) combined with nerve growth factor (NGF) on peripheral … e staining and NF200/MBP double immunofluorescence were performed to assess axonal regeneration and remyelination. Inflammasome-, pyroptosis-, and GSK-3β/NF-κB signaling-related markers were further examined in injured sciatic nerve tissues. RESULTS: In vitro, MaR1 and NGF co-treatment more effectively improved PC12 cell viability and reduced LDH release, ROS …

Activin A in the central nervous system: Mechanistic and therapeutic insights unveiled by emerging technologies.

Activin A exhibits both protective and pathological roles in the central nervous system, reflecting a functional duality that complicates it … sm of activin A: CRISPR-based editing validates critical receptors such as ACVR1B in the process of remyelination; organoid and organ-on-a-chip systems model human-specific cellular interactions; spatial and single-cell multi-omics delineate expression and communication networks; and optogenetics/chemogenetics enable precise spatiotemporal control of signaling …

An MFO@BCZT- and metformin-integrated biomimetic hydrogel for magnetoelectric stimulation-induced neurogenesis and neuroprotection, synergistically promoting brain tissue repair.

After injury, the repair of brain tissue is hindered by poor neuronal regeneration and severe neuroinflammation. Although magnetoelectric (M … euronal differentiation and maturation within the lesion. This led to enhanced axonal regeneration, remyelination, synaptic reconstruction, and ultimately, improved cognitive function recovery. Overall, this work presents a promising strategy that combines ME stimulation-driven neuroinduction with metformin-mediated neuroprotection for effective brain tissue re …

Identification of potential mechanisms of quercetin in diabetic peripheral neuropathy through integrated network pharmacology and experimental validation.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes characterized by oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Quercetin … ology without significantly altering blood glucose or body weight. Moreover, quercetin restored the remyelination-related gene expression and attenuated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in DPN rats. Bioinformatics and network pharmacology analyses indicated that the TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling played a key role. Subsequent in vivo and in vitro experiments …

Thiolutin attenuates neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis by suppressing microglial pyroptosis through NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition after spinal cord injury.

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) initiates a neuroinflammatory response dominated by tissue-resident microglia. Thiolutin (THL) can weaken … cavity area of the spinal cord, inflammatory response, M1-type microglia polarization, and enhanced remyelination and neuronal regeneration. However, THL treatment did not work in SCI-experienced Nlrp3-/- mice. THL improves motor function following SCI by repressing neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis via suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated microglial …

Decalcified and Decellularized Bone Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: A Comparative In Vivo Study Using Rat Femur and Chicken Ulna Conduits.

PURPOSE: Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) pose a major clinical challenge, especially when nerve gaps exceed 5 mm and spontaneous regenerati … compared to axotomy controls. Histology revealed early axonal infiltration, neovascularization, and remyelination. Gene expression analysis indicated scaffold-specific temporal regulation aligned with regenerative phases. CONCLUSION: Bone-derived NGCs from rat femur and chicken ulna effectively supported structural, electrophysiological, and functional nerve r …

Macrophage-targeted PEGylated liposomes ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Macrophages are the predominant immune cell type found in active multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) lesions, where they contribute to demyelination and axonal damage. Depending on the lesion stage, these cells can exhibit either a pro-inflammatory or neurotoxic phenotype that drives central nervous system (CNS) injury or an anti-inflammatory phenotype that promotes remyelination. Therefore, strategies that modulate macrophage function may offer therapeutic benefits for MS. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has shown anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects…

Quasi-steady-state CEST for rapid and quantitative lesion detection in multiple sclerosis at 3T.

Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) MRI has demonstrated significant value in the early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and monitoring of remyelination. However, quantitative CEST MRI is highly susceptible to varied scan parameters and typically requires long saturation times to achieve equilibrium conditions for adequate contrast. This study investigates the use of quasi-steady-state (QUASS) CEST MRI at 3T to shorten scan time while maintaining consistent lesion contrast in MS. Numerical simulations and in vivo experiments (8 healthy volunteers and 8 MS patients) were performed …

Enhanced myelination potential of human mature oligodendrocytes by TNF and IFNG combination.

Initial phases of multiple sclerosis (MS) are characterized by recurrent focal inflammation within the central nervous system associated with demyelination and variable subsequent remyelination, indicating that both injury and repair are ongoing within the same microenvironment. An array of pro-inflammatory molecules including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) and interferon γ (IFNG) are implicated as contributing to oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage cell injury in MS and its models. Using OL lineage cells derived from human surgical samples, we observed that TNF and IFNG in combination enhanced enshea…

New Perspectives on oligodendrocytes: Guardians of iron homeostasis and defenders against ferroptosis.

BACKGROUND: Oligodendrocytes (OLs) play a pivotal role in preserving iron homeostasis within the central nervous system (CNS), as they harbo … ioxidant reinforcement, or direct ferroptosis inhibition represents a promising strategy to promote remyelination and mitigating neurodegeneration.

Machine learning-driven drug repurposing for GPR17: activity prediction via graph neural networks and multistage computational validation.

To identify novel GPR17-targeting ligands with potential relevance to multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy, we developed an integrated computational workflow combining graph neural network (GNN)-based prediction with multistage structure-based validation. GPR17 is a class A G protein-coupled receptor implicated in oligodendrocyte differentiation, neuroinflammation, and remyelination, making it a remarkable target for myelin repair. A curated dataset of 323 chemically diverse ligands with experimentally reported pIC50 values was assembled from the literature and used to train an NNConv-based GNN mod…

Targeting progressive multiple sclerosis: Toward mechanism-informed precision medicine.

Multiple sclerosis has undergone a therapeutic revolution over the past three decades. Randomized clinical trials and real-world data demons … n-intrinsic mechanisms, including compartmentalized inflammation, microglial activation, failure of remyelination and accelerated biological ageing. Population-based cohorts demonstrate that early high-efficacy therapy improves long-term outcomes, yet the risk of progression rises markedly after midlife despite effective relapse suppression. Emerging biomarkers …

Связанные с прогрессом результаты терифлуномида в многочисленных склерозовых клинических испытаниях.

ВСТУПЛЕНИЕ: Множественный склероз (MS) является хроническим воспалительным заболеванием центральной нервной системы, которое приводит к неврологической неполноценности, более заметной в прогрессивной фазе. Терифлюномид — перорально-модифицирующая терапия — продемонстрировал потенциальные нейрозащитные эффекты, помимо сокращения рецидивов, включая сохранение целостности мозга и смягчение развития инвалидности. В настоящем обзоре приводятся подтверждающие данные о воздействии терифлюномида на развитие инвалидности, когнитивные и МРТ-маркеры нейродегенерации в MS.В целях выявления соответствующих

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that leads to neurological disability, … ms include preservation of mitochondrial integrity, reduction of oxidative stress, and promotion of remyelination. Although higher-efficacy therapies may provide superior inflammatory control, teriflunomide may have an important role in the long-term management of MS. CONCLUSION: Teriflunomide is emerging as a valuable, multi-faceted contributor to the MS trea …

Functionalized nanozyme delivery of a KCC2-activator conjugate for the promotion of functional recovery after acute spinal cord injury.

Although spinal cord injury (SCI) can arise from various clinical causes, current therapeutic strategies remain largely ineffective in promo … I (complex IV) and regulators such as UCP2 and TFAM. Moreover, this strategy significantly promoted remyelination within the lesion area. Together, these findings highlight QZIF-polymersomes as a promising ROS-responsive KCC2 agonist delivery system that enhances neuroprotection and metabolic support, ultimately facilitating functional recovery after SCI.