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Stevens - Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis; Extensive Review of Reports of Drug-Induced Etiologies, and Possible Therapeutic Modalities.

Stevens - Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis are adverse hypersensitivity reactions that affect the skin and mucous membranes. They are characterised by erythematous macules and hemorrhagic erosions of the mucous membranes. Epidermal detachments of varying degrees of severity also occur in these conditions. Various aetiologies are associated with these conditions, with adverse drug reaction being the most common. Though the worldwide incidence of these conditions is recorded as low, diverse types of medication are being observed to lead to these conditions. This review compiles in

A prospective clinical trial of GVHD prophylaxis with posttransplant cyclophosphamide and abatacept.

AbstractWe conducted a prospective randomized clinical trial to investigate the combination of posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) and abatacept (Aba) for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing an allogeneic transplant from an 8/8 matched related or unrelated donor were randomized 1:1 to tacrolimus and methotrexate (standard-of-care arm [SOC]) or PTCy on days +3 and +4, followed by Aba on an extended schedule: days +5, +14, and +28, and every 4 weeks up to day +168 (PTCy+Aba). All patients received peripherally collected stem cells. T

Overview of infectious complications among CAR T- cell therapy recipients.

Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell (CAR T-cell) therapy has revolutionized the management of hematological malignancies. In addition to impressive malignancy-related outcomes, CAR T-cell therapy has significant toxicity-related adverse events, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), immune effector cell-associated hematotoxicity (ICAHT), and opportunistic infections. Different CAR T-cell targets have different epidemiology and risk factors for infection, and these targets result in different long-term immunodeficiency st

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… Polyomavirus (BKv) infection and its risk factors There are anecdotal reports of BK virus infections and hemorrhagic cystitis after CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy ( 11 , 13 ). There are no reports of such infections associated with BCMA-directed CAR T-cell therapy. … Hemorrhagic cystitis secondary to adenovirus and BK virus infection in a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patient with recent CAR T-cell therapy . …

Choice of Unmanipulated T Cell Replete Graft for Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplant and Posttransplant Cyclophosphamide in Hematologic Malignancies in Adults: Peripheral Blood or Bone Marrow-Review of Published Literature.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is often the only curative option for many patients with malignant and benign hematological stem cell disorders. However, some issues are still of concern regarding finding a donor like shrinking family sizes in many societies, underrepresentation of the ethnic minorities in the registries, genetic variability for some races, and significant delays in obtaining stem cells after starting the search. So there is a considerable need to develop alternate donor stem cell sources. The rapid and near universal availability of the haploidentical

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… BK virus-associated cystitis was significantly less frequent after TBI-based myeloablative conditioning with clinically significant hemorrhagic cystitis occurring in only 2 (7%) patients. …

Хроническая нейтрофическая лейкемия у пациента с множественной миеломой.

Высокодозированная химиотерапия, применяемая для аутологической трансплантации стволовых клеток (ASCT), часто связана с распространением клеток с неопластическими способностями. В результате может быть расширена одна конкретная линия клеток, т.е. клональная гематомоизис (CH). Частота CH в множестве миеломы (ММ) была зарегистрирована как ~21,6%. Хотя нейтрофия в MM может быть лейкемоидной реакцией, нельзя забывать о таких гематоологических новообразованиях, как хроническая нейтрофильная лейкемия (CNL), которая характеризуется мутации CSF3R и отсутствием цитопении и/или значительного морфологиче

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… Her post-transplant course so far was complicated by neutropenic fevers, enteropathic Escherichia coli , as well as chemotherapy-induced diarrhea, and BK virus hemorrhagic cystitis. Discussion As described previously, concomitant CNL and MM have been described in the literature. …

KSHV and cancer: understanding the oncogenic machinery for next-generation diagnostic tools and therapies.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), is an oncogenic virus responsible for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and lymphoproliferative disorders like primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD). This review explores KSHV's oncogenic mechanisms, focusing on its ability to manipulate host cell signaling, evade immune detection, and promote tumorigenesis through latent and lytic viral proteins. Key oncoproteins, such as LANA, vCyc, vFLIP, and vGPCR, activate cancer hallmarks, as sustained proliferation, immune evasion, angiogenesis, and re

A review of neurotoxicities associated with immunotherapy and a framework for evaluation.

Immuno-oncology agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapies, are increasing in use for a growing list of oncologic indications. While harnessing the immune system against cancer cells has a potent anti-tumor effect, it can also cause widespread autoimmune toxicities that limit therapeutic potential. Neurologic toxicities have unique presentations and can progress rapidly, necessitating prompt recognition. In this article, we review the spectrum of central and peripheral neurologic immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated

The unusual first sign of presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma: a rare case report.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy, characterized by aggressive biological behavior and a high propensity for extrahepatic spread. The most common sites of metastasis are the lungs, regional lymph nodes, bones, adrenal glands, and peritoneum. In contrast, the paranasal sinuses are an unusual site for metastatic HCC, and involvement of the sphenoid sinus represents an even rarer event. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report the case of a 67-year-old male patient who presented with transient diplopia, left eyelid ptosis, and refractory epistaxis as the i

Clusterin and pentraxin 3 are markers of severity during febrile neutropenia in adults with haematological malignancies receiving intensive chemotherapy.

The identification of predictive biomarkers of severity can improve patient management because febrile neutropenia can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We prospectively studied pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a soluble innate immunity receptor, and clusterin (CLU), a chaperone protein that binds extracellular histones during sepsis, in patients experiencing febrile neutropenia after intensive treatment for haematological malignancies. One hundred and forty-three adult patients were included, with 158 episodes of neutropenia analysed. Febrile neutropenia was observed in 119 patients

Доклад по делу: Синдром Рефрактора Эванса two Пациенты, страдающие спондилоэндродисплазией с иммунной дисрегуляцией, успешно лечились с ингибицией JAK1/JAK2.

Biallelic мутации в гене ACP5 вызывают спондилоэндхондрисплазию с иммунной дисрегуляцией (SPENCDI). Для СЕНКОДИ характерна фенотипическая триада скелетной дисфункции, врожденная и адаптивная иммунная дисфункция, а также переменные неврологические результаты, начиная от асимптоматических кальцинаций мозга и заканчивая сильной задержкой в развитии и прививкой. Регулирование иммунной дискриминации в СИННКДИ часто является отходом от стандартного иммунодепрессивного лечения. Здесь мы представляем примеры two :: пациенты, страдающие синдромом SNNCDI и аутоиммунной цитопенией, которые продемонстриро

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… Both patients were regularly monitored for Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, JC, and BK virus reactivation by PCR. which remained negative throughout treatment with ruxolitinib. …

Keyword Index for Volume 93

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Gene editing in cancer therapy: overcoming drug resistance and enhancing precision medicine.

The CRISPR system has revolutionized cancer gene therapy, offering unparalleled precision in genetic manipulation for targeted oncogene disruption, mutation correction, and immune system modulation. This breakthrough tool has demonstrated remarkable potential in overcoming drug resistance, enhancing chemotherapy sensitivity, and improving immunotherapy strategies such as CRISPR-engineered CAR-T cells. Additionally, oncolytic virus-mediated CRISPR delivery has emerged as a novel approach for tumor-specific gene editing, minimizing off-target effects. The rapid transition of CRISPR-based cancer

Long-term treatment outcome of Castleman's disease: A real-world experience.

BACKGROUND: Castleman disease (CD), classified as unicentric CD (UCD) or multicentric CD (MCD), is a rare non-neoplastic lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown origin. Owing to its rarity, the clinical characteristics, therapeutic modalities, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors related to UCD or MCD are not well defined. METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed 88 patients with CD, including those with hyaline-vascular, plasma-cell, mixed type, hypervascular, and plasmablastic subtypes, for presenting symptoms, physical, laboratory, and radiologic findings, and treatment response in the Ko

Ocular effects caused by viral infections and corresponding vaccines: An overview of varicella zoster virus, measles virus, influenza viruses, hepatitis B virus, and SARS-CoV-2.

Many viral infections can affect vision and the visual system. Vaccination to prevent diseases is commonplace today, acting by stimulating an immune response without developing the pathology. It involves the production of persisting antibodies against the pathogen and the activation of T cells. Certain diseases have already been eradicated by rigorous vaccination campaigns, while others are hoped to be eliminated soon. Vaccines currently available on the market are largely safe, even if they can rarely cause some adverse effects, such as ocular complications. Analyzing existing literature, we

Stevens–Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) : Immunologic Reactions

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Infections Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii in Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-fermentative coccobacillus, which is widely distributed in nature. Recently, it has emerged as a major cause of health care-associated infections (HCAIs) in addition to its capacity to cause community-acquired infections. Risk factors for A. baumannii infections and bacteremia in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation include: severe underlying illness such as hematological malignancy, prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, invasive instrumentation such as central venous catheters or endotrach

Neurology

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Posttransplant complications: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.

Posttransplantation complications pose a major challenge to the long-term survival and quality of life of organ transplant recipients. These complications encompass immune-mediated complications, infectious complications, metabolic complications, and malignancies, with each type influenced by various risk factors and pathological mechanisms. The molecular mechanisms underlying posttransplantation complications involve a complex interplay of immunological, metabolic, and oncogenic processes, including innate and adaptive immune activation, immunosuppressant side effects, and viral reactivation.

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… In addition to the aforementioned viruses, human herpesvirus (HHV)‐6 and BK virus can also cause infections in transplant recipients. 29 In general, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and candidiasis are prevalent fungal infections following transplantation, whereas SOT recipients infected with invasive … During this time, reactivation of latent pathogens, such as BK virus, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, may also occur. …

Changing lanes: extending CAR T-cell therapy to high-risk plasma cell dyscrasias.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cellular therapies have advanced outcomes in challenging hematologic malignancies like leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Plasma cell-directed CAR T-cell therapies have been particularly beneficial in multiple myeloma, suggesting that these agents may have a role in other challenging plasma cell disorders such as systemic AL amyloidosis and plasma cell leukemia. AL amyloidosis is a monoclonal plasma cell disorder resulting in the deposition of protein fibrils that compromise end-organ function. Delays in diagnosis can result in end-organ dysfunction and o

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… AL, AL amyloidosis; BK virus, human polyomavirus 1; CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; CRS, cytokine release syndrome; CMV, cytomegalovirus; H. influenzae, Haemophilus influenzae; ICANS, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome; MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory … Non-hematologic events included viral infections: BK virus hemorrhagic cystitis, SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, severe respiratory infection, respiratory viral infection, and sepsis, each affecting 5-14% of patients. …

Teclistamab в случае множественных легочных повреждений в внематочной миломе: первый успешный случай и обзор литературы.

Внешняя болезнь (ЭМД) в миеломе (ММ) связана с агрессивным клиническим поведением и плохим прогнозом, особенно когда речь идет о легочной паренхиме, которая является крайне редким проявлением. Биогенные антитела, направленные против антигена B-клеток (BCMA), такие, как теклистамб, недавно продемонстрировали многообещающую эффективность при сильно обработанном реактивном/охлаждении множественной миеломы (RRMM). Однако данные об их активности у пациентов с внематочным участием лёгких остаются ограниченными. Мы сообщаем о случае 76-year-old Человек с Ига-Ирма, у которого возникли множественные вн