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One-pot synthesis, encapsulation, and solubilization of size-tuned quantum dots with amphiphilic multidentate ligands.

We report one-pot synthesis, encapsulation, and solubilization of high-quality quantum dots (QDs) based on the use of amphiphilic and multidentate polymer ligands. In this "all-in-one" procedure, the resulting QDs are first capped by the multidentate ligand and are then spontaneously encapsulated and solubilized by a second layer of the same multidentate polymer upon exposure to water. In addition to providing better control of nanocrystal nucleation and growth kinetics (including resistance to Ostwald ripening), this procedure allows for in situ growth of an inorganic passivating shell on the…

Долгосрочный иммунитет от фактических оксвировальных лиганов HLA, определяемый с помощью дифференциальной стабильной маркировки изотопов.

Вирусные пептиды представлены I классом HLA на инфицированных клетках для активации CD8(+) T клеток. Ряд иммуногенных пептидов был косвенно выявлен путем прогнозирования эпитопов и проверки реакции Т клеток на оксвирусные векторы, включая модифицированный вирус Vaccinia vanka (MVA), который в настоящее время проверяется как вакцины от рекомбинанта или оспы. Однако для разработки оптимальных стратегий вакцинации и иммуномониторинга крайне важно охарактеризовать фактический вирусный репертуар ВИЧ-инфицированных клеток. Мы использовали новаторский подход для идентификации естественно обработанных

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Viral peptides are presented by HLA class I on infected cells to activate CD8(+) T cells. Several immunogenic peptides have been identified … epertoire of infected cells. We used an innovative approach to identify naturally processed MVA HLA ligands by differential HPLC-coupled mass spectrometry. We describe 12 viral peptides presented by HLA-A*0201 and 3 by HLA-B*0702. All HLA-A*0201 ligands participated in the memory response of MVA-immune donors, and several were immunogenic in Dryvax vaccin …

Soluble NKG2D ligands in hepatic autoimmune diseases and in benign diseases involved in marker metabolism.

BACKGROUND: Proteolytic shedding of the immunostimulatory NKG2D ligands MICA and MICB from cancer cells constitutes a novel immune escape strategy that diminishes antitumor reactivity by NKG2D-bearing cytotoxic lymphocytes. In consequence, serum levels of soluble MICA and MICB are frequently found to be elevated in cancer disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: As the diagnostic potential depends strongly on the organ-specific benign diseases and is affected by diseases involved in marker metabolism, both markers were analyzed by ELISA in sera of 141 patients with hepatic autoimmune diseases (34 autoi…

KIR ligands and prediction of relapse after unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation for hematologic malignancy.

Recurrent malignancy remains a significant complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Efforts to decrease relapse have included donor lymphocyte infusion to stimulate donor anti-recipient T-cell allorecognition of major and minor histocompatibility differences. Recently, alloreactive effects of donor natural killer cell-mediated inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) recognition of recipient HLA-C and -B ligands have been described. We examined KIR ligand effects on risk of relapse in 1770 patients undergoing myeloablative T-replete HCT from HLA-match…

Vasorelaxing activity of stable powder preparations of dinitrosyl iron complexes with cysteine or glutathione ligands.

Vasorelaxant activity of new stable powder preparations of dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC) with thiol-containing ligands was investigated on rat abdominal aorta rings. The preparations preserve their physicochemical characteristics (EPR and optical absorption) if stored for a long time in dry air (at least half-year). Three preparations of DNIC were tested: diamagnetic dimeric DNIC with glutathione (DNIC-GS 1:2) or cysteine (DNIC-cys 1:2) and paramagnetic monomeric DNIC with cysteine (DNIC-cys 1:20). Being dissolved in physiological solution the preparations induced relaxation of vessel simil…

L-type calcium channel ligands block nicotine-induced signaling to CREB by inhibiting nicotinic receptors.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are inhibited by several drugs that are commonly thought to be specific for L-type calcium channels (LTCCs). In neurons, LTCCs are activated by nicotine-induced depolarization to engage downstream signaling events; however, the role of LTCC drug interactions with nAChRs in signaling has not been examined in detail. We investigated the effects of LTCC ligands on nAChR currents and downstream signaling in rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons. We found that 10microM nicotine and 40mM K(+) both reversibly depolarize SCG neurons to -20mV, sufficien…

The herpesviral Fc receptor fcr-1 down-regulates the NKG2D ligands MULT-1 and H60.

Members of the alpha- and beta-subfamily of herpesviridae encode glycoproteins that specifically bind to the Fc part of immunoglobulin (Ig)G. Plasma membrane resident herpesviral Fc receptors seem to prevent virus-specific IgG from activating antibody-dependent effector functions. We show that the mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) molecule fcr-1 promotes a rapid down-regulation of NKG2D ligands murine UL16-binding protein like transcript (MULT)-1 and H60 from the cell surface. Deletion of the m138/fcr-1 gene from the MCMV genome attenuates viral replication to natural killer (NK) cell response in a…

Reduction of silver solubility by humic acid and thiol ligands during acanthite (beta-Ag2S) dissolution.

Precipitation of highly insoluble metal sulfide minerals like acanthite (beta-Ag2S) or red cinnabar (HgS) is in principle an effective means to reduce metal availability and toxicity in contaminated soils. Unfortunately, experiments have shown that red cinnabar may be solubilized in the presence of dissolved organic matter or thiol ligands. To determine whether the same applies to acanthite, a laboratory synthesized beta-Ag2S mineral was incubated for up to 3 weeks in the presence of KNO3, dissolved humic acids, cysteine, methionine and thiosulfate. XPS analysis identified Ag2O (52%), Ag2SO4 (…

Comparison of the alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated effects of beta3-adrenoceptor ligands in rat pulmonary artery.

We have recently shown that the beta-adrenoceptor ligands CGP 12177, bupranolol, and SR 59230A (aryloxypropanolamines), but not BRL 37344 and CL 316243 (phenylethanolamines), exhibit significant affinity for alpha1-adrenoceptors and that CGP 12177 displays partial agonist properties at alpha-adrenoceptors in rat pulmonary artery. In this study, bupranolol and SR 59230A were further evaluated for their potential alpha-adrenoceptor mediated effects (i.e., agonist and/or antagonist properties) in rat intralobar pulmonary artery and compared with BRL 37344 and CL 316243. Bupranolol induced a relax…

Effects of N-substituted analogs of benztropine: diminished cocaine-like effects in dopamine transporter ligands.

Previous studies demonstrated that analogs of benztropine (BZT) possess high affinity for the dopamine transporter, inhibit dopamine uptake, but generally have behavioral effects different from those of cocaine. One hypothesis is that muscarinic-M(1) receptor actions interfere with cocaine-like effects. Several tropane-nitrogen substitutions of 4',4"-diF-BZT have reduced M(1) affinity compared with the CH(3)-analog (AHN 1-055; 3alpha-[bis-(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]tropane). All of the compounds displaced [(3)H]WIN 35,428 (2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane) binding with affinities

Cell adhesion molecules during inner ear and hair cell development, including notch and its ligands.

Cellular adhesion plays a key role in a number of unique developmental events, including proliferation, cell fate, morphogenesis, neurite outgrowth, fasciculation, and synaptogensis. The number of families of molecules that can mediate cell adhesion and the number of members of each of those families has continued to increase over time. Moreover, the potential for the formation of different pairs of heterodimers with different binding specificities, and for both homo- and hetero-dimeric interactions suggest that a vast number of specific signaling events can be mediated through the expression

An expanding role for CD40L and other tumor necrosis factor superfamily ligands in HIV infection.

Immunostimulatory members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily (TNFSF) of ligands are known to be important regulators of the immune system. These trimeric molecules interact with members of the TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) to stimulate immune cells. Of the TNFSF molecules, CD40 ligand (CD40L, also called CD154 or TNFSF5) is the most crucial molecule for activating antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and thereby initiating the immune response. Evidence has accrued indicating that HIV infection either selectively depletes those CD4(+) T cells that express CD40L in response to antigen…

Sialyltransferase ST3Gal-IV operates as a dominant modifier of hemostasis by concealing asialoglycoprotein receptor ligands.

A number of poorly characterized genetic modifiers contribute to the extensive variability of von Willebrand disease, the most prevalent bleeding disorder in humans. We find that a genetic lesion inactivating the murine ST3Gal-IV sialyltransferase causes a bleeding disorder associated with an autosomal dominant reduction in plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) and an autosomal recessive thrombocytopenia. Although both ST3Gal-IV and ST6Gal-I sialyltransferases mask galactose linkages implicated as asialoglycoprotein receptor ligands, only ST3Gal-IV deficiency promotes asialoglycoprotein clearance…

mRNA expression of EGF receptor ligands in atrophic gastritis before and after Helicobacter pylori eradication.

CONTEXT: Salvage biomass harvesting is increasingly recognized as a strategic approach to reduce emissions associated with spruce budworm (SBW) damage in eastern Canada by diverting biomass that would otherwise decompose in forests toward bioenergy and harvested wood products (HWP). However, its effects on overall system carbon dynamics remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: We assessed how SBW-related salvage harvesting influences long-term (2010-2110) forest-sector carbon dynamics in the Côte-Nord region of Québec, Canada, considering net sector production (NSP), which is the sum of net carbo

Discovery of novel peptidic dopamine transporter ligands by screening a positional scanning combinatorial hexapeptide library.

The acute reinforcing effects of cocaine are thought by some to result from cocaine binding to the dopamine (DA) transporter, which inhibits DA uptake and increases synaptic DA levels in the mesolimbic system. Other data suggest that neurotransmitters other than DA contribute to cocaine reinforcement and addiction. These considerations illustrate the need to have additional research tools with which to test the "DA hypothesis." One strategy is to identify drugs which bind to the DA transporter (DAT ligands) but which do not inhibit DA uptake as effectively as cocaine. The purpose of the presen…

Some behavioral effects of 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine, opipramol and sertraline, the sigma site ligands.

1,3-Di-o-tolylguanidine (DTG), opipramol (OPI) and sertraline (SER), sigma site ligands, were studied in Wistar rats and Albino Swiss mice, mainly with regard to their interaction with dopamine drugs. DTG and SER (at the highest doses only) decreased the spontaneous locomotor activity. DTG did not change the amphetamine locomotor hyperactivity, while OPI and SER decreased it. The amphetamine stereotypy was slightly increased (prolonged) by all the three drugs. OPI antagonized the locomotor hyperactivity, stereotypy, aggression and climbing, all those being induced by apomorphine; DTG inhibited…

Evidence that ATP, ADP and AMP are not ligands of the striatal adenosine A2A receptors.

It has been claimed recently that, in several cell types, ATP can induce a stimulation of cAMP production which is sensitive to methylxanthine inhibition and is not mediated by the ATP degradation product, adenosine. One explanation for these results would be direct activation of adenosine A2 receptors by ATP itself. We have therefore investigated whether adenine nucleotides are ligands of adenosine A2A receptors from bovine striatum. We show here that ATP, ADP, AMP and their phosphorothioates analogues (ATP gamma S, ADP beta S and AMP alpha S), at a 100 microM concentration, produced a 83-91%…

Polyamines modulate the binding of GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor ligands in membranes from the rat forebrain.

The effects of spermine, spermidine and putrescine on the binding of the GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor complex were examined in the hippocampus and frontal cortex membranes of the rat. The results demonstrated modulatory effects of polyamines on the binding of diazepam and flunitrazepam but not on that of GABA, muscimol and Ro 15-1788. When membranes were prepared without detergent, the polyamines enhanced the binding of diazepam. However, while the binding capacity increased after homogenization in the presence of the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100, the polyamines did not enhance the bindin

Complex allosteric modulation of cardiac muscarinic receptors by protamine: potential model for putative endogenous ligands.

A large number of diverse pharmacological agents bind to a secondary domain on the muscarinic receptor, to influence allosterically the interaction of ligands at the primary binding site. Based on common structural features of these antagonists, we examined the interaction of protamine, an endogenous polycationic peptide, and of polyamines with muscarinic receptors in rat heart. Our results provide several lines of qualitative evidence that protamine allosterically modulates the conformation of muscarinic receptors, in a marked negatively cooperative manner. It decelerated the dissociation of …

Actions of 5-HT1 ligands on excitatory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus of alert rats.

1. The effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine1 (5-HT1) ligands on excitatory synaptic transmission were examined in the stratum radiatum of the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus of alert, gently restrained, rats. 2. 5-HT produced a dose-dependent reduction in the amplitude of the electrically evoked population excitatory postsynaptic potential (e.p.s.p.) when injected directly into the hippocampus via a cannula (dose producing 50% maximum inhibition, ED50 = 0.46 microgram). 3. Direct intrahippocampal (i.h.) application of buspirone (ED50 = 0.29 microgram), gepirone (1 microgram), ipsapirone (1 micr…