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Связь между курением и инвалидностью Прогресс у иранских пациентов с множественным склерозом: исследование по изучению конкретных случаев.

СОСТОЯНИЕ: Сопоставление характеристик пациентов с множественным склерозом (МС) между курящими сигареты и некурящими. МЕТОДЫ: В апреле в центре Cashani MS было проведено тематическое исследование пациентов, зарегистрированных в центре Cashani 2019 по апрель 2020 в Исфахане, Иран. Всего, 136 Психиатрические пациенты и 220 В исследовании приняли участие некурящие, которые заполнили вопросник. Результаты: В группе курильщиков частота мужского пола была значительно выше, чем в группе лиц, не являющихся курильщиками.64.7% против. 15%, Р < 0.001). Средний возраст в MSshore был 31.5 ± 9.60 лет среди

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… Although smoking may be a major environmental risk factor for MS, it varies from person to person.[ 11 ] Hedström AK et al .[ 21 ] compared self-reported smoking status and cotinine level among MS patients and concluded that using cotinine level to define smoking may bias studies that investigate the …

Comparison of circulating tumour necrosis factor superfamily cytokines in periodontitis patients undergoing supportive therapy: a case-controlled cross-sectional study comparing smokers and non-smokers in health and disease.

BACKGROUND: B-cells are prominent immune cells in established periodontitis lesions. Tumour necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) cytokines play roles in supporting B-cell function as well as bone re-modelling. The influence of smoking on factors that support B-cell function in periodontitis remains unclear. AIM: To investigate plasma concentrations of TNF (TNSF1A), soluble receptor activator of nuclear-factor Kappa-B ligand (sRANKL/TNFSF11), a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL/TNFSF13), B-cell activating factor (BAFF/TNFSF13B) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG/TNFRSF11B) in smokers and non-smokers w

Smoking, Corneal Biomechanics, and Glaucoma: Results From Two Large Population-Based Cohorts.

IMPORTANCE: African American smokers have among the highest rates of tobacco-attributable morbidity and mortality in the US, and effective t … ettes/d [moderate to heavy smokers]). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was salivary cotinine-verified 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at week 26. The secondary outcome was 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at week 12, with subgroup analyses for light smokers (1-10 cigarettes/d) and moderate to heavy smokers (>10 cigarettes …

A Brief Digital Screening and Intervention Tool for Parental and Adolescent Tobacco and Electronic Cigarette Use in Pediatric Medical Care in Canada: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Though rates of tobacco smoking have decreased consistently over the past 3 decades, cigarette use remains the top preventable c … 6 months. Individuals reporting successful quit attempts are invited to provide a urine sample for cotinine testing to biochemically confirm quit. Analyses include descriptive statistics as well as exploratory trajectory analyses of smoking, e-cigarette use, and motivation to quit. RESULTS: Research activities began in June 2022. Participant enrollment a …

Persistent organic pollutants, pre-pregnancy use of combined oral contraceptives, age, and time-to-pregnancy in the SELMA cohort.

BACKGROUND: We are exposed to several chemicals such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in our everyday lives. Prior evidence has sugge … e collected at enrollment to the study (median week 10 of pregnancy). Concentrations of 22 POPs and cotinine were analyzed in the blood samples collected at the same time as the questions on TTP and pre-pregnancy use of contraceptive. Analyses were done on the association between POPs exposure and TTP measured as continuous (months) and binary (infertile f …

Randomized Trial of Nicotine Inhaler for Pregnant Smokers.

BACKGROUND: Smoking during pregnancy is a serious public health problem in need of better treatments. Nicotine replacement treatment (NRT) ( … 022) and six weeks after the quit date (p=0.042), but not at 32-34 weeks gestation (p=0.108). Serum cotinine levels, birth weight, gestational age and reductions in carbon monoxide did not differ by group. However, the incidence of preterm delivery was higher in the placebo than the nicotine group: 15% (10/67) vs. 4% (3/67), respectively, p=0.030). The inc …

Couples' body composition and time-to-pregnancy.

STUDY QUESTION: Is couples' body compositions associated with reduced fecundity as measured by a longer time-to-pregnancy (TTP)? SUMMARY AN … olling for potential confounders including age, number of days of vigorous physical activity, serum cotinine concentration, race, education, free cholesterol levels for each partner in partner-specific models and for both partners in couple-based models as well as average acts of intercourse per menstrual cycle and menstrual cycle regularity. MAIN RESULTS …

An animal model of adolescent nicotine exposure: effects on gene expression and macromolecular constituents in rat brain regions.

Nearly all smokers begin tobacco use in adolescence, and approximately 25% of US teenagers are daily smokers. Prenatal nicotine exposure is known to produce brain damage, to alter synaptic function and to cause behavioral anomalies, but little or no work has been done to determine if the adolescent brain is also vulnerable. We examined the effect of adolescent nicotine exposure on indices of cell damage in male and female rats with an infusion paradigm designed to match the plasma levels found in human smokers or in users of the transdermal nicotine patch. Measurements were made of DNA and pro

Nonlinear association between sleep duration and thyroid hormone levels in patients with thyroid cancer.

Sleep duration is a modifiable behavioral factor that may influence endocrine regulation, yet its specific association with thyroid function … 7.4 56.5 ± 8.2 60.8 ± 8.0  < 0.001 BMI, kg/m2 25.6 ± 2.9 26.5 ± 2.8 25.3 ± 2.8 24.6 ± 2.8  < 0.001 Cotinine, ng/mL 90.0 ± 30.5 90.3 ± 30.4 91.8 ± 30.0 85.6 ± 31.3 0.029 TSH, mIU/L 2.94 ± 0.65 3.14 ± 0.58 2.66 ± 0.62 3.21 ± 0.60  < 0.001 T3, ng/dL 1.46 ± 0.12 1.44 ± 0.12 1.48 ± 0.12 1.45 ± 0.11  < 0.001 T4, µg/dL 8.22 ± 0.92 8.05 ± 0.91 8.36 ± 0.90 8.21 ± …

Effects of Secondhand Smoke Exposure on Hearing and Auditory Evoked Potentials, ABR and AMLR in Young Adults.

BACKGROUND: Population health is impacted by environmental secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. Although the negative health effects of SHS expo … ed (SHS-U) group. Self-reported nonsmoker status was confirmed by biochemical analysis of urine for cotinine level. STUDY SAMPLE: Potential participants (N = 208) completed a questionnaire about health, smoking history, SHS exposure, and hearing ability. Individuals with any neurological conditions, alcohol/drug dependencies, excessive noise exposure, usi …

Nicotine is neuroprotective when administered before but not after nigrostriatal damage in rats and monkeys.

Nicotine reduces dopaminergic deficits in parkinsonian animals when administered before nigrostriatal damage. Here we tested whether nicotine is also beneficial when given to rats and monkeys with pre-existing nigrostriatal damage. Rats were administered nicotine before and after a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the medial forebrain bundle, and the results compared with those in which rats received nicotine only after lesioning. Nicotine pre-treatment attenuated behavioral deficits and lessened lesion-induced losses of the striatal dopamine transporter, and alpha6beta2* and alpha4beta2

Effects of adolescent nicotine exposure and withdrawal on intravenous cocaine self-administration during adulthood in male C57BL/6J mice.

Studies of adolescent drug use show (1) a pattern in which the use of tobacco precedes the use of other drugs and (2) a positive relationship between adolescent tobacco use and later drug use. These observations have led to the hypothesis that a causal relationship exists between early exposure to nicotine and the later use of hard drugs such as cocaine. Using male C57BL/6J mice, we tested the hypothesis that nicotine exposure in adolescence leads to increased intravenous self-administration (IVSA) of cocaine in adulthood. Using miniature osmotic pumps, we exposed mice and their littermate con

Associations of High Serum Ferritin Concentrations with Learning Disability and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder among Children and Adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Associations of iron deficit with learning disability (LD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been fully i … ere adjusted for in the models, including age, sex, race/ethnicity, family poverty-to-income ratio, cotinine concentration (tobacco exposure marker), total energy intake, body mass index, and serum C-reactive protein concentration. RESULTS: Higher serum ferritin concentrations were associated with a higher odds of LD in US children and adolescents. The ad …

The 20th Anniversary of Pegaptanib (MacugenTM), the First Approved Aptamer Medicine: History, Recent Advances and Future Prospects of Aptamers in Therapy.

In addition to classic small-molecule drugs and modern protein-based biologics, an intriguing class of medicines is the therapeutic oligonucleotides. Most approved drugs in this category are antisense oligomers or those acting via RNA interference, both of which use base hybridization. Aptamers, also known as chemical antibodies form a smaller, yet equally interesting group of oligonucleotides that can recognize a wide range of molecular targets. Despite their high potential, only two aptamers have been approved to date, pegaptanib (MacugenTM) and avacincaptad pegol (IzervayTM), both for the t

Effectiveness of a text-messaging-based smoking cessation intervention ("Happy Quit") for smoking cessation in China: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: China has the highest global prevalence of cigarette smokers, accounting for more than 40% of the total cigarette consumption in … able to use other smoking cessation services (although very few participants reported using them), cotinine tests can only detect smoking status for a few days, and the proportion of quitters was small. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that a mobile-phone-based text messaging intervention (Happy Quit), with either high- or low-frequency messaging, l …

Influence of GSTM1 and NAT2 genotypes on placental DNA adducts in an environmentally exposed population.

The placenta bulky DNA adducts have been studied in relation to metabolic genotypes for glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and N-acetyl tr … 88 adducts per 10(8) nucleotides; P < .001). Placental DNA adduct levels in smokers correlated with cotinine measured in plasma (r = .432; P = .003). This relation indicates that cigarette smoking could be predominantly responsible for DNA adduct formation in placentas of smoking mothers. DNA adduct levels were evaluated separately for non-smokers (1.50 +/ …

Incident endometriosis diagnosis and AMH: how surgical staging and typology relate to serum AMH levels.

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a chronic, gynecologic condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus implants throughout the bo … variable linear regression models adjusted for age (squared and continuous), body mass index, serum cotinine levels, and exogenous hormonal contraceptive use were conducted. Percentage differences in AMH were calculated as (exp[β]-1)×100, and 95% confidence intervals were reported. RESULTS: Compared with no endometriosis, incident endometriosis diagnosis …

The SNAP trial: a randomised placebo-controlled trial of nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy--clinical effectiveness and safety until 2 years after delivery, with economic evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Smoking during pregnancy causes many adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is effective for c … smoking between a quit date and childbirth, validated at delivery by CO measurement and/or salivary cotinine (COT) (primary outcome). Infants, at 2 years: absence of impairment, defined as no disability or problems with behaviour and development. Economic: cost per 'quitter'. RESULTS: One thousand and fifty women enrolled (521 NRT, 529 placebo). There wer …

Reduced hepatic metallothionein expression in first trimester fetuses in response to intrauterine smoking exposure: a consequence of low maternal zinc levels?

STUDY QUESTION: Does maternal smoking in early pregnancy affect metallothionein 1 and 2 (MT1 and MT2) mRNA and protein expression in first t … king was based on self-reports; however, our previous studies have shown high consistency regarding cotinine residues and smoking status. Passive smoking could interfere but was found mainly among smokers. The number of fetuses was limited, and other factors such as medication and alcohol might affect the findings. Information on alcohol was not consistent …

Impact of institutional smoking bans on reducing harms and secondhand smoke exposure.

BACKGROUND: Smoking bans or restrictions can assist in eliminating nonsmokers' exposure to the dangers of secondhand smoke and can reduce to … ced mortality associated with smoking-related illnesses. No studies included in the review measured cotinine levels to validate secondhand smoke exposure. Eleven studies reporting active smoking rates with 12,485 participants available for pooling, but with substantial evidence of statistical heterogeneity (I² = 72%). Heterogeneity was lower in subgroups d …