Результаты поиска

Involvement of P2 receptors in the growth and survival of neurons in the CNS.

Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) has been recognized as a ubiquitous, unstable signalling molecule, acting as a fast neurotrans … ular ATP can reach high concentrations, up to the millimolar range, flowing out from cells into the extracellular space, exocytotically, via transmembrane transport, or as a result of cell damage. In this review, P2 receptor activation as a cause or a consequence of neuronal cell activation or death and/or glial activation is described. The involvement of P2 receptor …

Extracellular histones exacerbate heat stroke-induced liver injury by triggering hepatocyte pyroptosis and liver injury via the TLR9-NLRP3 pathway.

BACKGROUND: Severe heat stroke is often complicated by multiple organ failure, including liver injury. Recent evidence indicates that the un … A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Heat stroke induced histone release into the extracellular space at levels correlating with liver injury. Moreover, extracellular histones augmented heat stroke-induced liver injury both in vitro and in vivo in a dose- and time-dependent manner, whereas neutralizing histones conferred protection following heat st …

Engineering collagen hydrogels in reduced gravity through kinetic and crowding control.

Collagen self-assembly underlies extracellular matrix architecture, yet how gravitational forces influence collagen fibrillogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated simulated microgravity as a physical regulator of type I collagen hydrogel formation using a random positioning machine. Rat-tail and bovine type I collagen were assembled under graded simulated gravity conditions and characterized by real-time turbidity monitoring, bright-field and confocal microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and fibroblast culture. Simulated microg

Identifying Choroidal Neovascularization-Associated Genes with GenePlexus in a Protein-Protein Interaction Network.

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a common and serious complication in various retinal diseases that involves the growth of new blood vessels from the choroid into the subretinal space, leading to a visual threat. Its underlying mechanism has not been fully uncovered. Discovering new genes related to CNV is an important way to reveal its molecular mechanisms. In this study, we used DisGeNET as the initial data source to identify genes related to CNV. The gene cluster method and additional screening tests were designed to explore the genetic landscape related to CNV. Our comprehensive analy

Exploring the Role of the Extracellular Matrix in Disease and Aging.

Throughout my research career, I have focused on understanding the extracellular matrix (ECM) and its roles in disease pathogenesis and the … e from active academic life, I aspire to support the next generation of scientists in exploring the extracellular space, an area rich with potential therapeutic opportunities.

HMGB1: новая биомаркировка и лечебная цель аутоиммунной и аутовоспалительной кожных заболеваний.

Вставка 1 группы высокой подвижности (HMGB1) выражена почти во всех человеческих клетках. Во время активации клеток и клеточной смерти нуклеопротеин HMGB1 может перемещаться в внеклеточное пространство, тем самым посредничая ранним подстрекательским ответом как сигнализация или молекулярный рисунок, связанный с повреждением (DAMP). Внешнеклеточный HMGB1 взаимодействует с иммунными клетками, связываясь с системой распознавания рецепторов Toll-подобных (TLR), включая TLR2 и TLR4, и рецептором для современных продуктов для гликации (RAGE), тем самым содействуя иммунной реакции для защиты хоста от

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is expressed in almost all human cells. During cell activation and cell death, the nucleoprotein HMGB1 can translocate to the extracellular space, thus mediating the early inflammatory response as an alarmin or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). Extracellular HMGB1 interacts with immune cells by binding to pattern r…

Identification of hub genes and pathways in Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC): A comprehensive in silico study.

BACKGROUND: Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC), derived from the endometrium, is the most common type of endometrial malignasis. Th … KEGG pathways analysis revealed enrichment of DEGs in extracellular matrix structural constituent, extracellular space, cell adhesion, and ECM-receptor interaction. GEPIA analysis identified three genes, ENG, GNG4, and ECT2, whose expression significantly differed between normal and tumor samples. CONCLUSION: This analysis study identified the hub genes and associa …

m6A Ribonucleic Acid Methylation in Fibrotic Diseases of Visceral Organs.

Fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in the tissue's extracellular space, leading to structural injury and organ dysfunction, and even organ failure, posing a threat to human life. Despite mounting evidence suggesting that fibrosis is reversible, effective treatments for fibrotic diseases are lacking. Accumulating evidence has elucidated that ribonucleic acid (RNA) modifications have emerged as novel mechanisms regulating gene expression. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a well-known prevalent RNA posttranscriptional modif…

Analysis of gene expression profile of peripheral blood in alveolar and cystic echinococcosis.

RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) is a versatile, high-throughput technology that is being widely employed for screening differentially expressed gen … logy enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs were mainly involved in molecular functions, including extracellular space, extracellular region, organ and system development, and anatomical structure development. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to depict the complex relationship between DEGs and interacting proteins.

Role of circular RNAs in visceral organ fibrosis.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of noncoding RNAs produced during pre-mRNA splicing and are emerging as new members of the gene r … Fibrosis is characterized by an abnormal excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the extracellular space and plays important roles in many different pathologies of various organs. CircRNAs function as master regulators of gene expression to "sponge" or sequester other genes and target gene expression, transcription, splicing, etc. Increasing evidence h …

Hedgehog signaling pathway regulates gene expression profile of epididymal principal cells through the primary cilium.

Primary cilia (PC) are organelles that sense and respond to dynamic changes of the extracellular milieu through the regulation of target genes. By using the epididymis as a model system, we determined the contribution of primary cilia in the regulation of epithelial cell functions through the transduction of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. Both Sonic (SHH) and Indian Hedgehog (IHH) ligands were detected in epididymal epithelial cells by confocal microscopy and found secreted in the extracellular space. Gene expression profiling preformed on ciliated epithelial cells indicated that 153 and…

Deciphering the Relevance of Bone ECM Signaling.

Bone mineral density, a bone matrix parameter frequently used to predict fracture risk, is not the only one to affect bone fragility. Other factors, including the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and microarchitecture, are of paramount relevance in this process. The bone ECM is a noncellular three-dimensional structure secreted by cells into the extracellular space, which comprises inorganic and organic compounds. The main inorganic components of the ECM are calcium-deficient apatite and trace elements, while the organic ECM consists of collagen type I and noncollagenous proteins. Bone E…

Forelimb contractures and abnormal tendon collagen fibrillogenesis in fibulin-4 null mice.

Fibulin-4 is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein essential for elastic fiber formation. Mice deficient in fibulin-4 die perinatally because … d with wild-type controls. The organization of developing tenocytes and compartmentalization of the extracellular space was also disrupted. Fibulin-4 was co-localized with fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 in limb tendons by using immunofluorescence microscopy. Thus, fibulin-4 seems to play a role in regulating tendon collagen fibrillogenesis, in addition to its essential …

Valproic acid increases susceptibility to endotoxin shock through enhanced release of high-mobility group box 1.

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear factor and a secreted protein. During inflammation, HMGB1 is secreted into the extracellular space where it can interact with the receptor for advanced glycation end products and trigger proinflammatory signals. Extracellular HMGB1 plays a critical role in several inflammatory diseases such as sepsis and rheumatoid arthritis. Valproic acid (VPA) is one of the most frequently prescribed antiepileptic drugs. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of VPA on secretion of HMGB1 in systemic inflammatory responses induced by lipopolys…

Immune mechanisms in thyroid eye disease.

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an inflammatory condition of the orbit closely associated with Graves' disease. During the course of TED, fibrosis can develop around the extraocular muscles, and excess extracellular matrix and fat accumulates in the periorbital space. This dramatic remodeling results in protrusion of the eye, also known as exophthalmos. Current treatments are sometimes effective in alleviating the symptoms of the disease, but there remains a demand for treatments that prevent or reverse the pathological alterations of orbital tissues. Such treatments may become available as a res

In situ profiling and quantification of cytokines released during ultraviolet B-induced inflammation by combining dermal microdialysis and protein microarrays.

In skin, an evolving inflammatory or immune response is triggered by early release of a cytokine cascade into the extracellular space. Investigation of extracellular cytokine secretion in situ has been limited by low cut-off filtering membranes and sample volume size and the inability to monitor changes in cytokine protein levels in real-time in situ. Here, we combine for the first time the methods of intradermal microdialysis and antibody protein arraying to profile the early cascade of multiple cytokines in a complex inflammatory response exemplified by ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced inflammati…

Induction of neutrophil extracellular DNA lattices by placental microparticles and IL-8 and their presence in preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia, a severe pregnancy-related disorder, involves an overt activation of the maternal innate immune system, proposed to result from the elevated release of inflammatory syncytiotrophoblast microparticles (STBM) and cytokines from underlying placental anomaly involving abnormal trophoblast differentiation. Activation of circulating neutrophils has recently been shown to lead to the generation of fibrous extracellular lattices containing DNA, termed NETs (neutrophil extracellular traps). Therefore, we examined whether placentally derived factors activated peripheral neutrophils to gene

Effect of hypocapnia on extracellular glutamate and glycine concentrations during peri-ischemic period in the rabbit hippocampus.

Glutamate (GLU) is a neurotransmitter. Massive release of GLU and glycine (GLY) into the brain's extracellular space may be triggered by ischemia, and may result in acute neuronal lysis or delayed neuronal death. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationship between hyperventilation and the level of GLU and GLY during brain ischemia. Rabbits were anesthetized with halothane and oxygen. Group 1 was allowed to hyperventilate (PaCO2 25-35 mmHg). PaCO2 was maintained throughout the study. Group 2 was a normal control group that maintained normocapnia. Two global cerebral ischemic…

Three-dimensional supramolecular organization of the extracellular matrix in human and rabbit corneal stroma, as revealed by ultrarapid-freezing and deep-etching methods.

The present work was carried out to clarify the three-dimensional fine structure of extracellular matrix in the cornea, using ultrarapid-freezing and deep-etching methods for electron microscopy. Fresh and glutaraldehyde-fixed samples of human and rabbit posterior corneas were ultrarapidly-frozen onto a copper block cooled by liquid helium or liquid nitrogen, freeze-fractured, deeply etched for 8-10 min and rotary replicated with platinum-carbon. Replicas were examined in a transmission electron microscope equipped with a tilting device. Only structures with repeatedly observed, similar archit

The extracellular cyclophilin A-integrin β2 complex as a therapeutic target of viral pneumonia.

The acute respiratory virus infection can induce uncontrolled inflammatory responses, such as cytokine storm and viral pneumonia, which are the major causes of death in clinical cases. Cyclophilin A (CypA) is mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of resting cells and released into the extracellular space in response to inflammatory stimuli. Extracellular CypA (eCypA) is upregulated and promotes inflammatory response in severe COVID-19 patients. However, how eCypA promotes virus-induced inflammatory response remains elusive. Here, we observe that eCypA is induced by influenza A and B viruses and …