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Does the B7-H3 Immune Checkpoint Have High Potential as a Therapeutic Target?

B7-H3 (CD276), a member of the B7 family of proteins, is known to play a key role in the progression of a number of cancers. This protein is selectively expressed in both tumor cells and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. Various investigations, including a number of clinical trials, have reported high levels of expression of this protein in cancerous tissues compared to their healthy counterparts. This difference in expression attracted various research efforts to establish whether such a difference can be linked to the therapeutic potential of this molecule. It is worth noting t

Достижения в области диагностических средств и терапевтических подходов к глиомамам: всеобъемлющий обзор.

Глиомы, широко распространенная категория первичных злокачественных опухолей мозга, создают огромные клинические проблемы из-за их инвазивного характера и ограниченных возможностей лечения. Нынешний терапевтический ландшафт для глиомов сдерживается ".one-Эта парадигма подходит для всех, что существенно ограничивает эффективность лечения. Несмотря на осуществление стратегий мультимодального лечения, показатели выживаемости по-прежнему вызывают разочарование. Традиционный подход к лечению, предусматривающий хирургическое пересечение, излучение и химиотерапию, сталкивается с серьезными ограничени

Research progress on arsenic, arsenic-containing medicinal materials, and arsenic-containing preparations: clinical application, pharmacological effects, and toxicity.

Introduction: The toxicity of arsenic is widely recognized globally, mainly harming human health by polluting water, soil, and food. However, its formulations can also be used for the clinical treatment of diseases such as leukemia and tumors. Arsenic has been used as a drug in China for over 2,400 years, with examples such as the arsenic-containing drug realgar mentioned in Shennong's Herbal Classic. We have reviewed references on arsenic over the past thirty years and found that research has mainly focused on clinical, pharmacological, and toxicological aspects. Results and Discussion: The f

Heyde Syndrome Unveiled: A Case Report with Current Literature Review and Molecular Insights.

Heyde syndrome, marked by aortic stenosis, gastrointestinal bleeding from angiodysplasia, and acquired von Willebrand syndrome, is often underreported. Shear stress from a narrowed aortic valve degrades von Willebrand factor multimers, leading to angiodysplasia formation and von Willebrand factor deficiency. This case report aims to raise clinician awareness of Heyde syndrome, its complexity, and the need for a multidisciplinary approach. We present a 75-year-old man with aortic stenosis, gastrointestinal bleeding from angiodysplasia, and acquired von Willebrand syndrome type 2A. The patient w

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… Platelet factor XI: Intracellular localization and mRNA splicing following platelet activation. Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 2018;69:30–37. doi: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.04.006. 15. Zourikian N., Merlen C., Bonnefoy A., St-Louis J., Rivard G.E. …

Abstract

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2022 NATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE ITALIAN SOCIETY OF HYPERTENSION (SIIA)

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The Application of Aptamer and Research Progress in Liver Disease.

Aptamers, as a kind of small-molecule nucleic acid, have attracted much attention since their discovery. Compared with biological reagents such as antibodies, aptamers have the advantages of small molecular weight, low immunogenicity, low cost, and easy modification. At present, aptamers are mainly used in disease biomarker discovery, disease diagnosis, treatment, and targeted drug delivery vectors. In the process of screening and optimizing aptamers, it is found that there are still many problems need to be solved such as the design of the library, optimization of screening conditions, the tr

Cancer and Obesity: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022.

BackgroundThis Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) provides an overview of cancer and increased body fat.MethodsThe scientific information for this CPS is based upon published scientific citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by the Obesity Medicine Association leadership.ResultsTopics include the increased risk of cancers among patients with obesity, cancer risk factor population-attributable fractions, genetic and epigenetic links between obesity and cancer, adiposopathic and mechanistic processes accounting for increased cancer risk

New and Emerging Biological Therapies for Myasthenia Gravis: A Focussed Review for Clinical Decision-Making.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disease characterised by exertion-induced muscle weakness that can lead to potentially life-threatening myasthenic crises. Detectable antibodies are directed against specific postsynaptic structures of the neuromuscular junction. MG is a chronic condition that can be improved through therapies, but to date, not cured. Standard treatment has been unchanged for decades and includes symptomatic treatment with acetylcholine-esterase inhibitors and disease-modifying treatment with steroids, steroid-sparing immunosuppressants and thymectomy. Overall, a rel

From laboratory to clinic: opportunities and challenges of functional food active ingredients in cancer therapy.

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of functional food active ingredients in cancer prevention and therapy. It outlines the multifaceted anticancer mechanisms of bioactive compounds-such as polyphenols, carotenoids, omega-3 fatty acids, phytosterols, alkaloids, isothiocyanates, polysaccharides, phenolic acids, flavonols, and amide-bearing compounds-which include antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, induction of apoptosis and autophagy, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, interference with cell cycle regulation and signaling pathways, and regulation of

Effects of exosomes from different origins on osteoclasts.

Abnormal osteoclast function is closely related to the development of osteolytic diseases such as osteoporosis and tumor bone metastasis, which seriously affects patients' quality of life. The cellular microenvironment is complex and variable, and exosomes, as an important pathway mediating intercellular communication, can be secreted by a variety of cells in the human body, which carry "cargo" that can affect the biological function of recipient cells. Osteoclasts receive a variety of cellular exosomes to regulate and influence the body's bone homeostasis. In this narrative review, we summari

Chondroprotection and Molecular Mechanism of Action of Phytonutraceuticals on Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease and an important cause of incapacitation. There is a lack of drugs and effective treatments that stop or slow the OA progression. Modern pharmacological treatments, such as analgesics, have analgesic effects but do not affect the course of OA. Long-term use of these drugs can lead to serious side effects. Given the OA nature, it is likely that lifelong treatment will be required to stop or slow its progression. Therefore, there is an urgent need for disease-modifying OA treatments that are also safe for clinical use over long periods. Phytonu

Clinical and Therapeutic Implications of Male Obesity.

The prevalence of obesity, a disorder linked to numerous comorbidities and metabolic complications, has recently increased dramatically worldwide and is highly prevalent in men, even at a young age. Compared to female patients, men with obesity more frequently have delayed diagnosis, higher severity of obesity, increased mortality rate, and only a minority of obese male patients are successfully treated, including with bariatric surgery. The aim of this review was to present the current state of knowledge about the clinical and therapeutic implications of obesity diagnosed in males.

The Role of the Ubiquitin System in Eye Diseases.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a fundamental process that regulates various biological functions, including immune response, cell cycle, oxidative stress, migration, and cellular proliferation. This system is responsible for the degradation of proteins, while proteasomes play a significant role in mechanisms involved in health and human diseases. The participation of the UPS in immune response is particularly relevant, leading to the involvement of immunoproteasomes. This specialized proteasome is involved in the processing and presentation of antigenic peptides, making it crucial fo

Polymorphisms of Antigen-Presenting Machinery Genes in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Different Impact on Disease Risk and Clinical Parameters in Smokers and Never-Smokers.

Lung cancer is strongly associated with cigarette smoking; nevertheless some never-smokers develop cancer. Immune eradication of cancer cells is dependent on polymorphisms of HLA class I molecules and antigen-processing machinery (APM) components. We have already published highly significant associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ERAP1 gene with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Chinese, but not in Polish populations. However, the smoking status of participants was not known in the previous study. Here, we compared the distribution of APM polymorphic variants in larg

Стратегия выбора субстрата, взаимно исключающаяся, у человека m3C RNA трансферазы METTL2A и METTL6.

tRNAs содержат наиболее разнообразные посттранскрипционные модификации. 3-метилцитидин (m3C) широко распределяется на позиции C32 (m3C32) у эукариотических tRNAThr и tRNASer. m3C32 модифицируется единственным метилтрансферазой Trm140 у дрожжей-попыток; однако для его биогенеза участвуют два (Trm140 и Trm141 у деления дрожжей) или три энзима (METTL2A, METTL2B и METTL6 у млекопитающих). До сих пор неизвестно обоснование существования нескольких метилтрансфераз m3C32 и их механизм дифференциации по субстрату. Здесь мы обнаружили, что оба METTL2A и METTL2B выражены в живых организмах. Мы выделили

Guarding the heart in the era of immunotherapies: insights for cardio-oncology practice.

The advent of cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) cell therapies, and bispecific antibodies and other immune-activating platforms such as therapeutic vaccines and oncolytic viruses (often used in combination regimens) has revolutionized oncology by improving patient outcomes across diverse malignancies. However, these therapies are increasingly linked to cardiovascular toxicities such as myocarditis, arrhythmias, and heart failure, posing significant clinical challenges. Here we review current evidence on the mechanisms, clini

Структурная основа регламентации стенограмм с помощью нарождающегося элемента РНК, HK022 potRNA.

Переписка, в которой RNA полимеразы (RNAPs) производят RNA из ДНК, является первым шагом в генной экспрессии. Таким образом, она сильно регулируется либо трансэлементами, такими как белковые факторы, и/или резьбами, как конкретные последовательности на ДНК. В лямбдоидной фаге HK022 содержится резьбовое пятно, которое подавляет падение и прекращение во время транскрипции ранних фаговых генов. Протокол PotRNA осуществляет исключительно деятельность по борьбе с растлением/прекращением путем прямого взаимодействия с комплексом удлинения RNA E.coli (EC) с помощью неизвестного структурного механизма

Spiegelmer Aptamers: Innovative Approach in Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, emphasizing the urgent need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Aptamers which are synthetic oligonucleotides that specifically bind to target molecules, offer high affinity, low immunogenicity, and superior tumor penetration compared to antibodies. However, their clinical translation has been limited by instability in biological systems. Spiegelmers, a novel class of mirror-image aptamers composed of L-nucleotides, overcome this limitation through intrinsic nuclease resistance an

Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Pediatric Brain Cancers: Biological Activities and Therapeutic Potential.

Brain cancers are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children. Biological changes in these tumors likely include epigenetic deregulation during embryonal development of the nervous system. Histone acetylation is one of the most widely investigated epigenetic processes, and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are increasingly important candidate treatments in many cancer types. Here, we review advances in our understanding of how HDACis display antitumor effects in experimental models of specific pediatric brain tumor types, i.e., medulloblastoma (MB), ependymoma (EPN), pediatric