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Polar invasion and translocation of Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus suis in a novel human model of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier.

Acute bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening disease in humans. Discussed as entry sites for pathogens into the brain are the blood-brain and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). Although human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) constitute a well established human in vitro model for the blood-brain barrier, until now no reliable human system presenting the BCSFB has been developed. Here, we describe for the first time a functional human BCSFB model based on human choroid plexus papilloma cells (HIBCPP), which display typical hallmarks of a BCSFB as the expression of ju

Anti-GM1 antibody facilitates leakage in an in vitro blood-nerve barrier model.

Using an in vitro blood-nerve barrier (BNB) model, the authors tested the effect of various monoclonal antiganglioside antibodies on BNB function. Only anti-GM1 antibody significantly facilitated BNB leakage in a concentration-dependent, complement-independent manner. This study provided evidence that anti-GM1 antibody, frequently detected in sera from patients with inflammatory neuropathies, may participate BNB dysfunction and contribute to development of neuropathy.

Pharmaceutical approaches to colon targeted drug delivery systems.

PURPOSE: Although oral delivery has become a widely accepted route of administration of therapeutic drugs, the gastrointestinal tract presen … investigated for use in targeting of drugs to colon. Certain plant polysaccharides such as amylose, inulin, pectin and guar gum remains unaffected in the presence of gastrointestinal enzymes and pave the way for the formulation of colon targeted drug delivery systems. The concept of using pH as a rigger to release a drug in the colon is based on the pH c …

Guidelines for treatment of renal injury during cancer chemotherapy 2016.

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… In the simple method, urine is collected for approximately 1 hour under continuous infusion of inulin, and clearance is determined from blood collected before and after urine collection. The simple inulin clearance method is shown in a Fig. 1 [ 13 ]. … Measurement of inulin clearance requires approximately 700 mL of additional fluid intake; thus, care must be taken to avoid excessive body fluid volume. Fig. 1 Simple inulin clearance method. 1) Complete urine collection 45 minutes after initiating inulin administration. …

Emerging insights into the gut microbiota as a key regulator of immunity and response to immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The gut microbiota, a complex microbial ecosystem closely connected to the liver via the portal vein, has emerged as a critical regulator of liver health and disease. Numerous studies have underscored its role in the onset and progression of liver disorders, including alcoholic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review provides a comprehensive overview of current insights into the influence of the gut microbiota on HCC progre

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… The specific mechanism is that the use of inulin leads to the enrichment of distasonis in symbiotic parabacteroides, and these symbiotic parabacteroides are able to restore intestinal barrier function through the production of pentaconic acid by inulin, thereby reducing the expression of serum lipopolysaccharide … Similarly, extensive hepatic inflammation and infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells were observed in the livers of mice fed an ICD (an open-source diet containing 7.5% inulin and 2.5% cellulose). …

Dietary fungi in cancer immunotherapy: From the perspective of gut microbiota.

Immunotherapies are recently emerged as a new strategy in treating various kinds of cancers which are insensitive to standard therapies, while the clinical application of immunotherapy is largely compromised by the low efficiency and serious side effects. Gut microbiota has been shown critical for the development of different cancer types, and the potential of gut microbiota manipulation through direct implantation or antibiotic-based depletion in regulating the overall efficacy of cancer immunotherapies has also been evaluated. However, the role of dietary supplementations, especially fungal

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… Inulin, a type of natural polysaccharide that exists in various kinds of natural products has been recognized as a powerful probiotic ( 113 ), interestingly, β-glucan from dietary fungus also exhibited comparative effects with inulin ( 114 ). … Prebiotic inulin-type fructans induce specific changes in the human gut microbiota . Gut ( 2017 ) 66 ( 11 ): 1968 . doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313271 28213610 PMC5739857 114 Wang H Chen G Li X Zheng F Zeng X . Yeast β-glucan, a potential prebiotic, showed a similar probiotic activity to inulin . …

Th2-type CD4+ cells neither enhance nor suppress antitumor CTL activity in a mouse tumor model.

Many cervical cancers express the E7 protein of human papillomavirus 16 as a tumor-specific Ag (TSA). To establish the role of E7-specific T cell help in CD8+ CTL-mediated tumor regression, C57BL/6J mice were immunized with E7 protein or with a peptide (GF001) comprising a minimal CTL epitope of E7, together with different adjuvants. Immunized mice were challenged with an E7-expressing tumor cell line, EL4.E7. Growth of EL4.E7 was reduced following immunization with E7 and Quil-A (an adjuvant that induced a Th1-type response to E7) or with GF001 and Quil-A. Depletion of CD8+ cells, but not CD4

The Interplay between Immune System and Microbiota in Osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and alterations of bone microarchitecture, with an increased risk of fractures. It is a multifactorial disorder that is more frequent in postmenopausal women but can be associated to other diseases (inflammatory and metabolic diseases). At present, several options are available to treat osteoporosis trying to block bone reabsorption and reduce the risk of fracture. Anyway, these drugs have safety and tolerance problems in long-term treatment. Recently, gut microbiota has been highlighted to have strong influence on bone metabolism, becom

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… The administration of inuline and FOS have been demonstrated to increase calcium absorption in ovariectomized rats [ 55 ]. … A recent study has been demonstrated that administration of agave fructans and inulin increases serum osteocalcin levels in female mice [ 55 ], while a GOS/FOS and calcium combination increased bone mineralization [ 62 ]. …

Clinical epigenetics settings for cancer and cardiovascular diseases: real-life applications of network medicine at the bedside.

Despite impressive efforts invested in epigenetic research in the last 50 years, clinical applications are still lacking. Only a few university hospital centers currently use epigenetic biomarkers at the bedside. Moreover, the overall concept of precision medicine is not widely recognized in routine medical practice and the reductionist approach remains predominant in treating patients affected by major diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. By its' very nature, epigenetics is integrative of genetic networks. The study of epigenetic biomarkers has led to the identification of num

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… vs Inulin on Adiponectin in Metabolic Syndrome To compare the effect of the administration of Metformin/agave inulin vs. … vs Inulin on Adiponectin in Metabolic Syndrome | To compare the effect of the administration of Metformin/agave inulin vs. …

BLAB2CancerKD: a knowledge graph database focusing on the association between lactic acid bacteria and cancer, but beyond.

In a broad sense, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a general term for Gram-positive bacteria that can produce lactic acid by utilizing fermentable carbohydrates. It is widely used in essential fields such as industry, agriculture, animal husbandry and medicine. At the same time, LAB are closely related to human health. They can regulate human intestinal flora and improve gastrointestinal function and body immunity. Cancer, a disease in which some cells grow out of control and spread to other body parts, is one of the leading causes of human death worldwide. In recent years, the potential of LAB i

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… Figure 12 shows that inulin can reduce risks for colon cancer, while salicylic acid can induce the cytotoxic effects of LGG against colon cancer. We speculate that inulin and salicylic acid may have a synergistic relationship. … Speculation on the synergistic effect of inulin and salicylic acid. Figure 13. Potential association between periodontal disease and CRC. …

Микробиота человека в области здравоохранения и отдельные раковые заболевания.

Большинство эпителиальных поверхностей нашего тела, пищеварительный тракт, дыхательные и врожденные системы, колонизируются большим количеством бактерий, археи, грибов, протозоанов и вирусов. Эти микробиота, особенно кишки, играют важную и полезную роль в пищеварении, метаболизме и синтезе витаминов. Их метаболиты стимулируют производство цитокина человеком, которое используется против потенциальных патогенов. На состав микробиоты влияет ряд внутренних и внешних факторов, включая питание, возраст, болезни и образ жизни. Такие изменения, называемые дисбиозом, могут быть связаны с развитием разл

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… Several compounds may serve as prebiotics, such as inulin, oligosaccharides, and dietary polyphenols. Inulin is the general term used to describe β(2–1) linear fructans with variable degrees of polymerization. Colonic bacteria ferment inulin to SCFAs and gases. … In obese women, inulin was found to increase the count of Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , and decrease those of Bacteroides and Propionibacterium [ 113 ]. …

Influence of gut microbial metabolites on tumor immunotherapy: mechanisms and potential natural products.

In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has made significant breakthroughs in the treatment of malignant tumors. However, individual differences in efficacy have been observed in clinical practice. There is increasing evidence that gut microbial metabolites influence the efficacy of distal tumor immunotherapy via the gut-liver axis, the gut-brain axis and the gut-breast axis, a process that may involve modulating the expression of immune cells and cytokines in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we systematically explore the relationship between gut microbial metabolites and tumor i

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… In addition, inulin can produce anti-inflammatory SCFAs through intestinal microbial metabolism, and oral inulin administration promotes CD8 + T-cell expression and enhances the therapeutic effect of PD-1 checkpoint immunosuppressants ( 102 ). … Inulin is a natural soluble functional fructan. It has been found that inulin produces SCFA and exerts anti-tumor effects through the action of the intestinal microbiota ( 190 ). Zhou et al. evaluated the antitumor effects of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum polysaccharide (THP) using a lung tumor model. …

A Systematic Review Evaluating the Impact of Fibre Supplementation on Gut Health and Other Clinical Outcomes in Adults with Haematological Malignancies During Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Background: Gut health is often disrupted in adults with haematological malignancies (HMs) receiving chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). Microbial diversity is reduced, and both infection risk and inflammation increased. The role of dietary fibre in enhancing gut health, immune regulation, reducing complications, and improving clinical outcomes for people with HMs shows promise but the extent of their role remains unclear. Objectives: This systematic review evaluated the role of dietary fibre supplementation in adults with HMs undergoing HCT on gut health, immune f

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… Commonly accepted prebiotic fibres include Inulin-type fructans (Inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS)), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) [ 30 , 31 ], resistant starch (RS), and pectic oligosaccharides (POS) derivatives of pectin [ 31 ]. … The Prebiotic Potential of Inulin-Type Fructans: A Systematic Review. Adv. Nutr. 2022;13:492–529. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmab119. 73. Gardiner B., Wardill H.R., O’Connor G., Hargrave D., Lett A.M. …

The microbiota-gut-brain-axis theory: role of gut microbiota modulators (GMMs) in gastrointestinal, neurological, and mental health disorders.

The modulation of gut microbiota presents promising therapeutic possibilities for various health conditions, ranging from gastrointestinal infections to neurodegenerative and mental health disorders. Among the available interventions, gut microbiota modulators (GMMs) such as probiotics and prebiotics have demonstrated significant potential in infection prevention and neuroprotection. Despite these encouraging findings, the clinical application of GMMs remains challenging due to safety concerns and inconsistent effectiveness across diverse patient populations. These factors create substantial b

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… Prebiotics like inulin and FOS can also be repurposed for neuroprotection in AD and PD by promoting the growth of beneficial GM that produces SCFAs (Akhgarjand et al. 2024 ). … Prebiotics such as inulin and galacto-oligosaccharides promote immune-stimulating bacteria, and high-fiber diets further increase Bifidobacterium levels, benefiting metastatic lung cancer patients undergoing ICIs (Duan et al. 2015 ). …

Модуляция микробиотики Гут по пребиотикам, пробиотикам и психобиотикам и ее воздействие на ось гута микробиота - мозг: систематический обзор.

Ось кишечника - это высокоинтегрированная двунаправленная коммуникационная сеть, функционирующая через нейронные, нейроэндокринные, иммунные и метаболические пути, которые поддерживают гомеостаз центральной нервной системы и стали перспективной дополнительной терапевтической целью для неврологических и нейропсихиатрических расстройств. ЦЕЛЬ: Цель настоящего исследования заключается в систематической оценке воздействия предбиотики, пробиотики и психобиотики на коммуникацию кишечника и неврологические и поведенческие результаты, включая нейроинфламматические маркеры, параметры осей ГПА и микробн

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… Prebiotic and synbiotic interventions predominantly employed fructooligosaccharides (FOSs), galactooligosaccharides (GOSs), and inulin as functional substrates [ 24 , 32 , 40 , 42 , 43 , 72 , 84 , 86 , 89 , 90 , 97 , 98 ]. … Restoring an Adequate Dietary Fiber Intake by Inulin Supplementation: A Pilot Study Showing an Impact on Gut Microbiota and Sociability in Alcohol Use Disorder Patients. Gut Microbes. 2022;14:2007042. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2021.2007042. 98. …

Микроэкология и тренировка: целевое воздействие на ось микробиота-Гут-Брэйна для лечения заболеваний центральной нервной системы.

Кишечная микробиота (ГМ) может играть решающую роль в развитии и развитии заболеваний центральной нервной системы (ЦНС). Микроэкология и упражнение могут влиять на состав и функции ГМ, оказывая тем самым позитивное воздействие на НКЦ. Ожидается, что комбинированные физические упражнения и микроэкология позволят более комплексно и эффективно решать проблемы, связанные с заболеваниями CNS, через ось микробиота-гут-мозгов (MMBA), потенциально превысив результаты отдельных мероприятий. Однако в настоящее время по этой теме не проводится соответствующих обзоров. В этом обзоре мы изучаем взаимосвязь

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… There are various sources of prebiotics, such as breast milk, soybeans, inulin sources (such as artichokes, chicory roots, etc.), raw oats, unrefined wheat, unrefined barley, yacón , indigestible carbohydrates, and especially indigestible oligosaccharides [ 158 ]. … Some of the most commonly studied prebiotics include inulin, fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), lactulose, and galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS). The molecular structures and biological functions of these compounds have been widely studied. …

Targeting the gut microbiota to enhance the antitumor efficacy and attenuate the toxicity of CAR-T cell therapy: a new hope?

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) -T cell therapy has achieved tremendous efficacy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and represents a promising treatment regimen for cancer. Despite the striking response in patients with hematologic malignancies, most patients with solid tumors treated with CAR-T cells have a low response rate and experience major adverse effects, which indicates the need for biomarkers that can predict and improve clinical outcomes with future CAR-T cell treatments. Recently, the role of the gut microbiota in cancer therapy has been established, and growing evidence

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… For example, oral inulin-gel treatments increase the abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing microorganisms and amplify the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy ( 131 ). … The effects of inulin on gut microbial composition: a systematic review of evidence from human studies. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Diseases. (2020) 39:403–13. doi: 10.1007/s10096-019-03721-w 131. Han K, Nam J, Xu J, Sun X, Huang X, Animasahun O, et al. …

Microbiota-Driven Mechanism in Multical Sclerosis: патогенез, терапевтические стратегии и биомаркерский потенциал.

Множественный склероз (MS) — известное хроническое аутоиммунное расстройство центральной нервной системы (КНС), связанное с демиэлированием и нейродегенерацией. Исследования, ранее проведенные в области кишечного микробиома, показали, что он является важнейшим источником патогенеза MS. Изменения в комменсовом микробиоте, или дисбиозе, оказывают воздействие на иммунный гомеостаз, что приводит к повышению уровней провоспалительных цитокинов и нарушению оси кишечника. В этом обзоре мы представляем всеобъемлющий обзор взаимодействия между кишечной микробиотой и MS с уделением особого внимания имму

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… Numerous prebiotics with varying origins and chemical properties exist, but the most prevalent are fructans (fructo-oligosaccharides (FOSs) and inulin) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs) [ 88 ]. … The degree of polymerization (DP) of inulin is approximately 60, whereas FOSs have a DP of less than 10. …

Abstracts From the 42nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Transplantation Society of Australia and New Zealand held on June 16-18, 2024

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