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The Story behind the Science: A history of Q-VAX, the Australian human vaccine against Q fever.

Q-VAX vaccine is the only human vaccine against Q fever currently available in the world and is only available in Australia. The vaccine arose from a fruitful partnership between an American microbiologist, Richard Ormsbee, and an Australian infectious diseases doctor, Barrie Marmion. The vaccine was made in Australia from seed stock of Coxiella burnetii, originally isolated from an American soldier in Italy, the Henzerling strain. The vaccine was manufactured by a then Australian government-owned company, the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories, in Melbourne, using embryonated chicken eggs, start…

The Prognostic Value of Serology in Persistent Q Fever Infection.

Background: Q fever has significant consequences for patients with persistent localized infection. A combination of doxycycline with hydroxychloroquine, for at least 18-24 months, is the first-line therapy. The use of serology as a prognostic marker during therapy is controversial. Methods: A retrospective, observational cohort study in two outpatient clinics in northern Israel. All adults with persistent Q fever (2015-2021) were included in the study. Clinical failure was defined as relapse or death related to Q fever after end of treatment (EOT). Serological cure was defined as phase 1 IgG ≤…

A retrospective analysis of Q fever osteomyelitis in children, with recommendations.

Osteomyelitis in children due to Q fever is a rare occurrence. In this study, we review 25 pediatric cases of this disease entity. The mean age of these 25 patients was 3.7years (range, 2-7 years). The risk factor for infection was history of contact with animals, such as cattle and sheep (23/25, 92.0%). The most common sites of infection were foot and ankle (12/25, 48.0%). The diagnosis of Q fever was confirmed by serologic testing in 25 children. On PCR, Coxiella burnetii was detected in 17 cases and it was not detected in the remaining five cases. A total of 22 children were treated with an…

Q fever immunology: the quest for a safe and effective vaccine.

Q fever is an infectious zoonotic disease, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Transmission occurs from livestock to humans through inhalation of a survival form of the bacterium, the Small Cell Variant, often via handling of animal parturition products. Q fever manifests as an acute self-limiting febrile illness or as a chronic disease with complications such as vasculitis and endocarditis. The current preventative human Q fever vaccine Q-VAX poses limitations on its worldwide implementation due to reactogenic responses in pre-sensitized individuals. Many strategies have …

Q fever endocarditis in India: A report of two cases.

Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Infective endocarditis is the most common form of chronic Q fever. Diagnosis of Q fever is difficult, as there are no pathognomonic symptoms. Methods of isolation of the organism in culture are tedious, hence serological and molecular techniques remain the mainstay of diagnosis. We report two cases of Q fever endocarditis diagnosed by IFA and real-time PCR.

Грудная отдача Q в качестве источника внутрибольничной передачи.

Здесь мы описываем первый случай инфекции младенческого импланта, вызванной коксиеллой, которая привела к задержкам с диагностикой и лечением, а также к переносу внутрибольничной лихорадки на медицинский персонал.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Herein, we describe the first case of mammary implant infection caused by Coxiella burnetii, resulting in delayed diagnosis and treatment and an in-hospital cross-transmission of Q fever to medical personnel.

Epidemiology of Q-fever in goats in Hubei province of China.

Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) is an intracellular bacterium, which causes zoonotic disease called Q-fever. However, scarce information is known about the epidemiology of Q-fever in goats in Hubei province of China. A total of 1157 blood samples were collected from the study area and these were tested for antibodies against C. burnetii by employing a commercial competitive ELISA. The results showed that the overall positive rate of C. burnetii was 4.75% (95% CI: 3.6, 6.1) and in different counties it ranged from 1.05 to 11.84% in goats. Antibodies positive against C. burnetii were detected in

Q fever and seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in domestic ruminants.

Q fever is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, an obligate intracellular gram‑negative bacterium. Infection by C. burnetii has been demonstrated in many animal species, but ruminants are the major reservoirs and the main sources of human infection. In ruminants, C. burnetii infection is often asymptomatic, but it has been also associated with infertility and abortions. In humans, Q fever was considered predominately an occupational hazard due to close contact with infected ruminants by means of their contaminated birth products, urine, feces or milk. Q fever has recently gained renewed att…

Эпидемиологическая лихорадка Q в Англии и Уэльсе, 2000-2015 годы.

В период с 2000 по 2015 год в Англии и Уэльсе было зарегистрировано 904 случая острой лихорадки Q. Соотношение мужчин и женщин составляет 2,5:1, а средний возраст - 45 лет. За этот период были выявлены две вспышки, причем наиболее частые случаи были зарегистрированы на юго-западе Англии и Уэльса. В системе наблюдения за лихорадкой Q имеются ограничения, включая возможные географические различия в отчетности и ограниченный сбор эпидемиологических данных. Необходимо укрепить систему наблюдения в целях повышения качества и полноты набора эпидемиологических данных. Авторы завершают свое выступлени

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Between 2000 and 2015, 904 cases of acute Q fever were reported in England and Wales. The case dataset had a male to female ratio of 2.5:1, and a median age of 45 years. Two outbreaks were recognised during this time period, and the incidence of sporadic cases was highest across the southwest of England, and Wales. There are limitations in the surveillance s…

Chronic Q fever: An ongoing challenge in diagnosis and management.

Chronic Q fever is a potentially fatal disease. The current difficulty in the diagnosis of this condition is discussed in the present article. A 51-year-old woman with a history of aortic valve replacement presented with complaints of feeling generally unwell, pyrexia and occasional unproductive cough over a period of several weeks. Phase 1 immunoglobulin G titre to Coxiella burnetii was initially detected at a low level (1:320, detected using immunofluorescence) and was not considered to be significant according to the modified Duke criteria. Later in the course of her illness, the patient's …

Identification of risk factors for chronic Q fever, the Netherlands.

Since 2007, the Netherlands has experienced a large Q fever outbreak. To identify and quantify risk factors for development of chronic Q fever after Coxiella burnetii infection, we performed a case-control study. Comorbidity, cardiovascular risk factors, medications, and demographic characteristics from 105 patients with proven (n = 44), probable (n = 28), or possible (n = 33) chronic Q fever were compared with 201 patients who had acute Q fever in 2009 but in whom chronic Q fever did not develop (controls). Independent risk factors for development of proven chronic Q fever were valvular surge…

Influence of the environment and occupational exposure on the occurrence of Q fever.

Q fever, which is caused by Coxiella bumetii, is a worldwide zoonotic infectious disease and ruminants are the main reservoir for human infections. Humans become infected primarily by inhaling aerosols that are contaminated with C. bumetii. Ingestion (particularly drinking raw milk) and person-to-person transmission are minor routes. Animals shed the bacterium in urine and faeces, and in very high concentrations in birth by-products. The bacterium persists in the environment in a resistant spore-like form which may become airborne and transported long distances by the wind. Q fever is consider…

[Present stage of chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis of rickettsiosis and Q fever].

The analysis of the published experimental and clinical data on chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy of rickettsiosis and Q fever confirmed the preserved role of doxycycline, the main drug of choice in the treatment of the diseases, then followed chloramphenicol. Macrolides, such as azithromycin and clarithromycin proved to be useful in pediatric practice and the treatment of pregnant women with rickettsiosis. The treatment of acute and chronic Q fever required the use of doxycycline, fluoroquinolobes, co-trimoxazole and hydroxachloroquine in combined therapy. It is concluded that in vivo studies…