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Improved regeneration after femoral nerve injury in mice lacking functional T- and B-lymphocytes.

The immune system plays important functional roles in regeneration after injury to the mammalian central and peripheral nervous systems. Aft … very after femoral nerve injury, associated with the increased survival of motoneurons and improved remyelination.

Intrinsic migratory properties of cultured Schwann cells based on single-cell migration assay.

The migration of Schwann cells is critical for development of peripheral nervous system and is essential for regeneration and remyelination after nerve injury. Although several factors have been identified to regulate Schwann cell migration, intrinsic migratory properties of Schwann cells remain elusive. In this study, based on time-lapse imaging of single isolated Schwann cells, we examined the intrinsic migratory properties of Schwann cells and the molecular cytoskeletal machinery of soma translocation during migration. We found that cultured Schwann cells displayed three motile phenotypes, …

Faster nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve injury in mice over-expressing basic fibroblast growth factor.

Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) is expressed in the peripheral nervous system and is up-regulated after nerve lesion. It has been dem … early peripheral nerve regeneration by regulating Schwann cell proliferation, axonal regrowth, and remyelination.

Olfactory ensheathing glia and Schwann cells: two of a kind?

Both olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) and Schwann cells have been shown to promote axonal regrowth and remyelination in the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems under experimental conditions. During development, OECs and Schwann cells emerge from the olfactory placode and the neural crest, respectively, thus sharing a common "peripheral" origin. Both cell types are known to express a number of different molecular markers in common, to display a similar morphological phenotype in culture and to respond to the same growth-promoting molecules. Contrary to Schwann cells, OECs are found i…

Idiopathic peripheral neuropathy in the horse with knuckling: muscle and nerve lesions in additional cases.

We have previously reported a pathological investigation of peripheral neuropathy in a horse with knuckling. This report describes details o … es appeared to be common in the nerve fascicles. Pathological alterations indicating demyelination, remyelination and regeneration of nerve fibers were occasionally observed. The most common abnormality was myelin ovoids or myelin debris infiltrated by macrophages. Occasionally, myelinated axons were seen containing accumulations of organelles, often associated …

Failure of treatment with Linomide or oral myelin tolerization to ameliorate demyelination in a viral model of multiple sclerosis.

Both Linomide (quinoline-3-carboxamide) and tolerization with self-antigens have been demonstrated to successfully ameliorate demyelinating … TMEV)-positive cells mm(-2) of spinal cord white matter. There were no differences in the amount of remyelination between mice treated with Linomide or water. However, chronically infected mice treated with Linomide had severely reduced spontaneous vertical activity as measured using a activity wheel. Oral tolerization of mice with mouse or bovine myelin had no …

Temporal and spatial expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor after peripheral nerve injury.

Schwann cells in the intact sciatic nerve express high amounts of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), but 7 days after injury to the nerve e … pression decreases with demyelination during Wallerian degeneration and returns to normal following remyelination during regeneration. These findings also suggest that CNTF expression requires intact axon-Schwann cell interactions.

[Two siblings of Leber's congenital amaurosis with an increase in very long chain fatty acid in blood: relationship between peroxisomal disorders and Leber's congenital amaurosis].

We reported two siblings of Leber's congenital amaurosis associated with increased level of very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) in blood. Cas … y revealed severely decreased number of total myelinated fibers without remarkable demyelination or remyelination. Case 2, an elder sister of case 1, with pigmentary retinal degeneration, hepatomegaly and pericarditis had died at 3 months. Autopsy revealed hypomyelination and heterotopy of the cerebral white matter, hepatic fibrosis, renal microcysts and normal …

Internalization of Exogenous Myelin by Oligodendroglia Promotes Lineage Progression.

Oligodendrocytes, traditionally recognized for their role in central nervous system myelination, have emerged during the last decades as key participants maintaining brain homeostasis in response to metabolic demands and stress. In addition, injury to myelin prompts a regenerative response that leads to the formation of new myelin sheaths. However, the signals regulating effective remyelination by oligodendrocytes are still not completely understood. Here, we report that oligodendrocytes can internalize exogenous myelin both in vitro and in vivo, which leads to an increase in oligodendroglial …

Возраст и стадия созревания связаны с последствиями фибриногена для человека Олигодендроголии.

Фибриноген — это протеин, полученный из крови и содержащийся в коагуляции, и он может проникнуть в центральную нервную систему (КНС) после разрушения мозгового барьера. Эта молекула была связана с множественным склерозом (MS), заболеванием, отмеченным воспалением и обезвоживанием в CNS. Однако воздействие этой молекулы не изучалось на миелионирующих клетках человека. В этом исследовании рассматривается вопрос о том, как фибриноген влияет на родственные клетки человека олигодендроцита (OL) на различных этапах развития. Используя индуцированные плюрипотентные стволовые клетки (iPSC) прекурсоры O

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Fibrinogen is a blood-derived protein involved in coagulation and can make its way into the central nervous system (CNS) following breakdown … while promoting OL function in later stages. Understanding this dual role will provide insight into remyelination failure in MS and highlights the importance of timing and target in future therapeutic strategies.

Neuronal inflammation-associated biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies.

BACKGROUND: Immune-mediated polyneuropathies such as acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy are challenging to diagnose … an indicator of myelin breakdown and remodeling, while the compensatory effect of BDNF may support remyelination. In conclusion, these five biomarkers may represent promising targets for the early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of AIDP and CIDP.

The physiopathology of brain-derived neurotrophic factor.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is synthesized and secreted by excitatory neurons. Decades of work with animal models prepared the … F in humans in specific aspects of memory and neurodegeneration and in central nervous system (CNS) remyelination after lesion. BDNF is stored with its pro-peptide in the presynaptic terminals of excitatory neurons. Both are released when neurons are activated by the pattern of stimuli that also efficiently increase the transcription of the BDNF gene. While the …

Prenatal valproic acid on the basis of gestational diabetes also induces autistic behavior and disrupts myelination and oligodendroglial maturation slightly in offspring.

INTRODUCTION: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) are both constitute risk factors for autism i … on, akin to those exclusively exposed to VPA. Remarkably, the application of clemastine facilitated remyelination, ameliorated autistic behaviors, and promoted the progression of OPCs. Furthermore, the compromised myelination and OPC maturation instigated by the combination of GDM and prenatal VPA were found to be less severe compared to those precipitated by V …

Stem cell derived extracellular vesicles therapy for perinatal brain injury: A systematic review & meta-analysis of preclinical studies and a potential path to clinic.

BACKGROUND: Perinatal brain injury (PBI) is a significant cause of neonatal death and childhood disability. Current treatments for PBI are l … tivation, astrogliosis, and pro-inflammatory factor release, further promoting neuronal protection, remyelination, and angiogenesis. Study quality assessment found no studies to be at high risk, and there was significant heterogeneity among studies. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis did not identify the source of heterogeneity. CONCLUSION: SC-EVs migh …

Effect of Local Vibration Therapy on ERK1/2-Mediated Schwann Cell Proliferation in Rats With Sciatic Nerve Injury.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of local vibration therapy on the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signaling pathway and the proliferation of Schwann cell with the goal of promoting remyelination after sciatic nerve injury (SNI). METHODS: Experimental Sprague Dawley rats were divided into the sham group, SNI group, vibration group, and U0126 inhibitor group, with 8 rats in each group. The rats in the vibration and U0126 inhibitor groups received local vibration intervention for 21 consecutive days from the 7th day after operat…

Вызываемые упражнениями эксеркины в множестве склерозов: подчеркивая ключевую роль миокинов.

Множественный склероз (MS) является наиболее распространенным хроническим воспалительным и нейродегенеративным заболеванием центральной нервной системы у молодых людей. Несмотря на то, что существующая иммунодуляторная терапия снижает частоту рецидивов, она менее эффективна против прогрессивного нейродегенерации, связанного с болезнью. Эта неудовлетворенная клиническая потребность вызвала интерес к дополнительным нефармакологическим стратегиям, особенно к упражнениям, которые обеспечивают системные антивоспалительные и нейрозащитные льготы. Упражнения приводят к высвобождению разнообразных сиг

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system in young adults. … hment of a muscle-brain axis capable of influencing disease processes, including neuroinflammation, remyelination, and neurodegeneration. Drawing upon evidence from neurodegenerative disease models and clinical studies, we highlight how exercise modalities may be harnessed to optimize myokine release and, in turn, enhance neuroprotection and repair in MS patien …

Положительная аллостерическая модуляция рецепторов АМПА с помощью PF4778574 приводит к снижению степени демиэлизации и клинической инвалидности в экспериментальных моделях множественного склероза.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Множественный склероз (МС) — расстройство центральной нервной системы (КНС), характеризующееся воспалением, обезвоживанием и нейронным дегенерацией. Несмотря на достижения в области иммуномодуляционного лечения, нейрозащитные или восстановительные стратегии по-прежнему являются неадекватными. Наши исследования сосредоточены на потенциале позитивного аллостерического модулятора рецепторов AMPA (AMPA-PAM), PF4778574, в борьбе с симптомами MS. Мы использовали MOG35-55 Продуктированная экспериментальная аутоиммунная энцефаломиелитная модель (EAE) в мышах C57BL6J для изучения терапевтичес

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… After six weeks of cuprizone treatment, all animals were switched to a control diet for one week to promote remyelination ( Figure 1C ). Remyelination marker in corpus callosum region post-Cuprizone treatment. … However, other myelin markers, MBP and LFB, showed only positive trends for remyelinating effects of PF4778574 but did not reach statistical significance. In these short-term cuprizone demyelination experiments, the timing of de- and remyelination is crucial. …

Enriched environment enhanced the astrocyte-derived BDNF and VEGF expression and alleviate white matter injuries of rats with ischemic stroke.

OBJECTIVES: Numerous studies have shown that an enriched environment can promote ischemic stroke and improve cognitive function. In addition … ke can cause severe demyelination. After EE treatment, there was a significant increase in cerebral remyelination and a significant improvement in neurological and cognitive functions. Astrocyte, BDNF, and VEGF expression were significantly higher than in rats in the standard circumstances of stroke model. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the enriched envir …

Black Seed Oil-Based Curcumin Nanoformulations Ameliorated Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination in the Mouse Hippocampus.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the demyelination of nerves, axonal damage, and neuroinflammation. C … f the changes in antioxidant enzymes, transcription factors, and cytokines during demyelination and remyelination processes. The results of behavioral studies point toward impairment in working memory following the feeding of cuprizone for 5 weeks. However, in treatment groups, mice seemed to prevent the toxic effects of cuprizone. Nanoformulations used in this …

An in vitro model for postoperative cranial nerve dysfunction and a proposed method of rehabilitation with N-acetylcysteine microparticles.

PURPOSE: When operating near cranial motor nerves, transient postoperative weakness of target muscles lasting weeks to months is often observed. As nerves are typically intact at a procedure's completion, paresis is hypothesized to result from a combination of neurapraxia and axonotmesis. As both neurapraxia and axonotmesis involve Schwann cell injury and require remyelination, we developed an in vitro RSC96 Schwann cell model of injury using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce oxidative stress and investigated the efficacy of candidate therapeutic agents to promote RSC96 viability. As a first …