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Molecular Diversity and Plasmid Analysis of KPC-Producing Escherichia coli.

The emergence and spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) among Enterobacteriaceae presents a major public health threat to the … d in size from ∼16 kb to ∼241 kb. In this analysis, we also identified two plasmids that have novel replicons: (i) pBK28610, which is similar to p34978-3 with an insertion of Tn4401b, and (ii) pBK31611, which does not have an apparent homologue in the GenBank database. Moreover, we report the emergence of a pKP048-like plasmid, pBK34397, in E. coli in the …

Houseflies (Musca domestica) as Vectors for Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli on Spanish Broiler Farms.

Flies may act as potential vectors for the spread of resistant bacteria to different environments. This study was intended to evaluate the p … contained bla(CTX-M-9). ESBL genes were associated mainly with the presence of the IncI1 and IncFIB replicons. Additionally, all the strains were multiresistant, and five of them also harbored qnrS. Identical PFGE profiles were found for E. coli isolates obtained from flies at different sampling times, indicating a persistence of the same clones in the far …

Характеристика гепачевируса и создание функционального молекулярного клона.

Непримеченный гепардивирус (NPHV) является самым близким родственником вируса гепатита С (HCV), и его исследование может обогатить наше понимание эволюции, иммунитета и патогенеза ВЦВ. Высокая серопозитивность наблюдается у лошадей по всему миру с 3% виремии. Однако естественная история NPHV и молекулярная вирология по-прежнему в значительной степени не изучены. Здесь мы показываем, что NPHV, как и HCV, может вызывать стойкую инфекцию в течение более десяти лет, с высокими титерами и отрицательной нитей RNA в печени. NPHV является почти всеобщим загрязнителем коммерческой лошадиной серы для кл

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Nonprimate hepacivirus (NPHV) is the closest known relative of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and its study could enrich our understanding of HCV e … tion was not observed in primary equine fetal liver cultures or after electroporation of selectable replicons. However, intrahepatic RNA inoculation of a horse initiated infection, yielding high RNA titers in the serum and liver. Delayed seroconversion, slightly elevated circulating liver enzymes and mild hepatitis was observed, followed by viral clearance …

The contribution of Escherichia coli from human and animal sources to the integron gene pool in coastal waters.

To understand the contribution of animal- and human-derived fecal pollution sources in shaping integron prevalence and diversity in beach wa … nd WW, respectively. Plasmids were detected in 79% of strains (60/76) revealing a high diversity of replicons in all sources, mostly belonging to IncF (Frep, FIA, and FIB subgroups), IncI1, IncN, IncY, and IncK incompatibility groups. In 20% (15/76) of strains, integrons were successfully mobilized through conjugation to E. coli CV601. Results obtained sup …

Evaluation of serologic and antigenic relationships between middle eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus and other coronaviruses to develop vaccine platforms for the rapid response to emerging coronaviruses.

BACKGROUND: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in 2012, causing severe acute respiratory disease and pneumonia, with 44% mortality among 136 cases to date. Design of vaccines to limit the virus spread or diagnostic tests to track newly emerging strains requires knowledge of antigenic and serologic relationships between MERS-CoV and other CoVs. METHODS: Using synthetic genomics and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicons (VRPs) expressing spike and nucleocapsid proteins from MERS-CoV and other human and bat CoVs, we characterize the antigenic responses (usin…

In vivo expression technology identifies a novel virulence factor critical for Borrelia burgdorferi persistence in mice.

Analysis of the transcriptome of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, during infection has proven difficult due to the … tely 15,000 clones in mice identified 289 unique in vivo-expressed DNA fragments from across all 22 replicons of the B. burgdorferi B31 genome. The in vivo-expressed candidate genes putatively encode proteins in various functional categories including antigenicity, metabolism, motility, nutrient transport and unknown functions. Candidate gene bbk46 on esse …

Novel genetic tools for diaminopimelic acid selection in virulence studies of Yersinia pestis.

Molecular studies of bacterial virulence are enhanced by expression of recombinant DNA during infection to allow complementation of mutants … by expressing dapA in single and multi-copy. In vivo, we found that plasmids derived from the p15a replicon were cured without selection, while selection for DAP enhanced stability without detectable loss of any of the three resident virulence plasmids. The dapAX mutation rendered Y. pestis avirulent in mouse models of bubonic and septicemic plague which …

Phosphorylation of paramyxovirus phosphoprotein and its role in viral gene expression.

Paramyxoviruses include many important human and animal pathogens such as measles virus, mumps virus, human parainfluenza viruses, and respi … the P protein of respiratory syncytial virus play a role in viral RNA synthesis using a minigenome replicon system; however, mutating these putative CKII phosphorylation sites within a viral genome had no effect on viral RNA synthesis, leading to the hypothesis that P protein phosphorylation, at least by CKII, does not play a role in viral RNA synthesis. …

Sterile protection against Plasmodium knowlesi in rhesus monkeys from a malaria vaccine: comparison of heterologous prime boost strategies.

Using newer vaccine platforms which have been effective against malaria in rodent models, we tested five immunization regimens against Plasmodium knowlesi in rhesus monkeys. All vaccines included the same four P. knowlesi antigens: the pre-erythrocytic antigens CSP, SSP2, and erythrocytic antigens AMA1, MSP1. We used four vaccine platforms for prime or boost vaccinations: plasmids (DNA), alphavirus replicons (VRP), attenuated adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad), or attenuated poxvirus (Pox). These four platforms combined to produce five different prime/boost vaccine regimens: Pox alone, VRP/Pox, VRP/Ad…

Multiresistance in Pasteurella multocida is mediated by coexistence of small plasmids.

In most gram-negative bacteria, acquired multiresistance is conferred by large plasmids compiling numerous antimicrobial resistance genes. H … plasmid content was found. Complete nucleotide sequencing of all plasmids revealed seven different replicons, six of them belonging to the ColE1 superfamily. All plasmids carried one, or a maximum of two, antimicrobial resistance determinants. Plasmids pB1000 and pB1002 bore bla(ROB-1), pB1001 carried tet(B), pB1003 and pB1005 carried sul2 and strA, pB100 …

Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genomic characteristics of fish-derived Aeromonas veronii in the freshwater food chain in Xinjiang, China.

Aeromonas veronii is an important opportunistic pathogen in freshwater aquaculture, yet its epidemiological and genomic characteristics rema … tiple STs and phylogenetic backgrounds rather than being restricted to a single lineage. The IncU_1 replicon was detected in three isolates, and resistance determinants co-occurred on IncU_1-bearing contigs in two, identifying candidate plasmid-associated resistance regions for further validation. Pan-genome analysis of the 39 study isolates together with …

Clinical Emergence and Genomic Characterization of Aztreonam-Avibactam-Resistant Escherichia coli ST410 Isolates in China.

BACKGROUND: Aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) is an important therapeutic option for infections caused by metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enteroba … ogies platforms for hybrid assembly. Resistome analysis, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), plasmid replicon typing, and phylogenomic analysis were performed. Comparative genomics with global ST410 isolates was used to investigate the evolutionary origin. RESULTS: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high-level resistance to ATM-AVI. Hybrid whole …

Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica isolates from retail chicken products in Kuwait.

Antimicrobial resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella is recognized as an important threat to food safety and public health. The objectives o … 9% of isolates, respectively. Plasmid analysis showed 79.1% of isolates carried the IncFIB(pN55391) replicon. Integrons (attc & intl) were also identified in 83.3% of isolates. All the isolates were predicted as human pathogens at the confidence level of 95.5-98.5%. In conclusion, the widespread multidrug resistance and high load of resistance genes detect …

Mobile colistin resistance in New Zealand without local agricultural colistin use: Genomic insights into mcr-carrying plasmids and their global context, 1984-2024.

OBJECTIVES: Characterize plasmid backbones and mobility contexts of mobile colistin resistance in clinical bacteria from New Zealand and pla … nd unknown sources. Pangenome clustering resolved 14 plasmid lineages associated with mcr variants, replicon backbones, and host range. We detected 18 single-Inc and 58 multi-Inc combinations, with mcr-1 mainly on IncI2/IncX4/IncHI2A, mcr-9 on IncHI2A, mcr-3 on IncC and F-type, and mcr-8/mcr-10 on F-type. Insertion sequence (IS) analysis revealed 56 mobili …

Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Zagreb, Croatia, in Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Period: Resistance Trends and Mechanisms.

During the COVID-19 pandemic carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) was found to be the major pathogen associated with ventilat … ce types (STs) were retrieved from WGS. Plasmid incompatibility groups were determined by PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT). All isolates were extensively drug resistant (XDR), showing resistance to ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, meropenem, gentamicin, amikacin and ciprofloxacin, and 13% (n = 12) were also resistant to colistin. T …

Co-Directional Chromosomal Clustering of Metabolic Pathway Genes as a Layout Prior for Synthetic Construct Design.

Metabolic pathway design tools largely address reaction routes and enzyme choice, whereas a complementary set of questions-how pathway genes are arranged on bacterial chromosomes and whether co-directional neighborhoods can inform multi-gene construct layout-has received comparatively little systematic treatment. Here, we present SynPAL (Synteny-Informed Pathway Assembly and Layout), a computational analysis that scores co-directional clustering of BioCyc pathway genes from genomic coordinates (same replicon and strand, intergenic distance ≤ 2000 bp) and translates the resulting scores into de…

Linking Clinical and Environmental Multidrug Resistance Plasmids Captured from the Tama River Flowing Through the Tokyo Megalopolis.

Background: Plasmid-mediated horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) is a major driver of resistance dissemination acro … reported plasmids from geographically distant regions, whereas multiple IncP plasmids and one multi-replicon IncU+IncQ2γ plasmid displayed accessory-region architectures characteristic of environmental plasmids and broad host-range transferability. Antibiotic susceptibility testing demonstrated that these plasmids substantially increased resistance levels …

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Escherichia coli Isolated from Buffalo Mastitis Milk in Guangdong Province, China.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) from food-producing animals constitutes a substantial public health concern. Th … ing from approximately 32 to 187 kb and belonging to IncFIB, IncFIA, IncI1, IncFIA + I1, and IncFII replicon types. Conjugation frequencies ranged from 4.8 × 10-7 to 4.1 × 10-2, and plasmids were predicted to carry additional resistance genes mediating resistance to chloramphenicol (floR), sulfonamides (sul1, sul3), tetracyclines (tet(A) and tet(B)), and t …

Genomic Epidemiology and Plasmid-Mediated Dissemination of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Tertiary Hospital.

BACKGROUND: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) poses a major threat to global public health. Although intensive care units (I … virulence factors were identified using ABRicate with ResFinder, ISFinder, and VFDB. MLST, plasmid replicon typing, cgMLST, and comparative genomic analyses were performed using BacWGSTdb. RESULTS: The isolates were mainly recovered from sputum and peritoneal drainage fluid, each accounting for 25% (5/20). Most isolates originated from the Surgery depart …

Virologic insights from the phase 3 REDPINE trial: remdesivir in renally impaired and immunocompromised patients with COVID-19.

Remdesivir inhibits the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent polymerase (Nsp12). Here, we present virology analyses from the Phase 3 REDPINE trial in pa … using SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR, next-generation sequencing, and site-directed mutagenesis in a SARS-CoV-2 replicon system. Remdesivir treatment demonstrated significantly greater reductions from baseline in viral load on Day 5 and Day 7 compared with placebo (P ≤ 0.034). In the remdesivir treatment group, participants with SOT showed significantly smaller viral …