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A core human microbiome as viewed through 16S rRNA sequence clusters.

We explore the microbiota of 18 body sites in over 200 individuals using sequences amplified V1-V3 and the V3-V5 small subunit ribosomal RNA (16S) hypervariable regions as part of the NIH Common Fund Human Microbiome Project. The body sites with the greatest number of core OTUs, defined as OTUs shared amongst 95% or more of the individuals, were the oral sites (saliva, tongue, cheek, gums, and throat) followed by the nose, stool, and skin, while the vaginal sites had the fewest number of OTUs shared across subjects. We found that commonalities between samples based on taxonomy could sometimes

Ceramides and the Defective Barrier in Atopic Dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common remitting-relapsing inflammatory skin disease characterized by eczematous lesions, xerosis, and pruritus. It is associated with a defective permeability barrier and increased susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus colonization. It has been demonstrated that the abrogated epidermal barrier is related to a decreased mass of ceramides and long-chain fatty acids in the stratum corneum (SC). The inherent pH of healthy SC is below 5, and a low pH is required for proper assembly of the barrier lipids. In AD, the pH is elevated. SUMMARY: A defective per

Intrinsic Dysregulation and Environmental Modifiers in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Toward an Integrated Pathophysiologic Model.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is increasingly recognized as a disorder of intrinsic dysregulation at the intersection of genetic susceptibility, host-microbial interactions, and hormonal signaling, with select environmental exposures acting as important secondary modifiers. This narrative review synthesizes mechanistic, clinical, and epidemiologic evidence on intrinsic and extrinsic contributors to HS pathogenesis. Genetic susceptibility for HS involves pathways regulating keratinocyte differentiation, epidermal stem cell function, and follicular architecture, including Notch signaling and tra

Dietary Principles, Interventions and Oxidative Stress in Psoriasis Management: Current and Future Perspectives.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that causes significant deterioration of the quality of life, and due to its multifactorial causes, it is often difficult to manage. Apart from genetic and environmental components, an important part of its pathophysiology comprises an oxidative stress induction that the standard antioxidative mechanisms of the human body cannot compensate for. Moreover, in many psoriatic patients, there is a documented imbalance between antioxidant and pro-oxidative factors. Usually, psoriasis is evaluated using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI

The gut microbiome in systemic lupus erythematosus: lessons from rheumatic fever.

For more than a century, certain bacterial infections that can breach the skin and mucosal barriers have been implicated as common triggers of autoimmune syndromes, especially post-infection autoimmune diseases that include rheumatic fever and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. However, only in the past few years has the importance of imbalances within our own commensal microbiota communities, and within the gut, in the absence of infection, in promoting autoimmune pathogenesis become fully appreciated. A diversity of species and mechanisms have been implicated, including disruption of the

Stabilization of Acne Vulgaris-Associated Microbial Dysbiosis with 2% Supramolecular Salicylic Acid.

Facial microbiota dysbiosis is an important factor in causing acne vulgaris. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of 2% Supramolecular Salicylic Acid (SSA) on acne-associated facial bacteria. In the current study, 30 acne vulgaris patients (treated with 2% SSA for eight weeks) and ten volunteers with no facial acne were selected. Samples from acne patients (before and after treatment) and volunteers (not treated) were analyzed via high throughput sequencing, Deblur algorithm, and R microbiome package. After treatment with 2% SSA, the total lesion count and global acne grading system (

May Staphylococcus lugdunensis Be an Etiological Factor of Chronic Maxillary Sinuses Infection?

Staphylococcus lugdunensis is an opportunistic pathogen found in the healthy human skin microbiome bacterial community that is able to cause infections of diverse localization, manifestation, and course, including laryngological infections, such as necrotizing sinusitis. Chronic maxillary sinusitis is a disease present in up to one third of European and American populations, and its etiology is not fully described. Within this study, we aimed to characterize 18 S. lugdunensis strains recovered from maxillary sinuses and evaluate them as etiological agents of chronic disease. We performed MLST …

Recombinant human thymosin beta-4 (rhTβ4) improved scalp condition and microbiome homeostasis in seborrheic dermatitis.

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a recurrent common inflammatory skin disease that affects all ethnic groups in all regions worldwide. However, no specific treatment or preventive measure is yet available. Identifying effective treatments with acceptable safety and tolerability is desirable. In this study, scalp microbiota alterations were measured in SD, showing significantly greater abundance of Malassezia and Staphylococcus and diminished fungal and bacterial diversity compared with healthy controls. We investigated the benefit of a 4-week treatment with 0.5 mg ml-1 recombinant human thymosin

The Unique Microbiome and Innate Immunity During Pregnancy.

A successful pregnancy depends on not only the tolerance of the fetal immune system by the mother but also resistance against the threat of hazardous microorganisms. Infection with pathogenic microorganisms during pregnancy may lead to premature delivery, miscarriage, growth restriction, neonatal morbidity, and other adverse outcomes. Moreover, the host also has an intact immune system to avoid these adverse outcomes. It is important to note the presence of normal bacteria in the maternal reproductive tract and the principal role of the maternal-placental-fetal interaction in antimicrobial imm

Microbiota-targeted therapies on the intensive care unit.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The composition and diversity of the microbiota of the human gut, skin, and several other sites is severely deranged in critically ill patients on the ICU, and it is likely that these disruptions can negatively affect outcome. We here review new and ongoing studies that investigate the use of microbiota-targeted therapeutics in the ICU, and provide recommendations for future research. RECENT FINDINGS: Practically every intervention in the ICU as well as the physiological effects of critical illness itself can have a profound impact on the gut microbiota. Therapeutic modulat

The Generation R Study: design and cohort update 2017.

The Generation R Study is a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life until adulthood. The study is designed to identify early environmental and genetic causes and causal pathways leading to normal and abnormal growth, development and health from fetal life, childhood and young adulthood. This multidisciplinary study focuses on several health outcomes including behaviour and cognition, body composition, eye development, growth, hearing, heart and vascular development, infectious disease and immunity, oral health and facial growth, respiratory health, allergy and skin disorders

Precision medicine in atopic dermatitis: Present and future.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory skin disease characterized by barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors, including microbiome and allergens. As more is learned about its pathophysiology, treatment evolves using precision medicine-leveraging phenotype, endotype, biomarkers, disease severity, and response predictors, molecular profiling, and omics. Oral and topical corticosteroids may be effective and most accessible, but their use has been associated with various adverse effects. Cyclosporine also has proven eff

Microbial diversity of camel milk production environments in Xinjiang, China: a full-length 16S rRNA survey of farm environmental matrices across Altay and Hami regions.

INTRODUCTION: Camel milk production in Xinjiang, China is predominantly managed under extensive pastoral systems, yet the taxonomic and functional profiles of key production-associated environmental matrices remain poorly characterized. METHODS: This study employed PacBio Single-Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize microbial communities across five environmental matrices (bedding, feces, teat skin, feed, and soil) from camel breeding farms in the Altay and Hami regions of Xinjiang. RESULTS: After removing chloroplast and mitochondrial sequences, the

Integrated multi-omics reveals persistent extracellular matrix remodeling in chronic duck footpad dermatitis.

Footpad dermatitis (FPD) is a common welfare and production problem in intensively reared poultry, yet the mechanisms responsible for its chronic progression remain poorly understood. To investigate the biological changes associated with chronic FPD, healthy and FPD-affected ducks (Health and FPD groups) were compared using histopathology, transcriptomics, proteomics, microbiome profiling, and metabolomics, with 3-8 biological replicates per group depending on the analytical platform. Histological examination demonstrated marked extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, characterized by collagen

Prenatal, Perinatal and Postnatal Exposures and Clinical Factors of Food Allergy Prevention: A Review for the First 1000 Days of Life from the SIAIP Primary and Secondary Prevention of Allergic Diseases Commission.

Food allergy prevention is no longer understood as the simple avoidance of allergenic foods. The first 1000 days (from conception to, approximately, 24 months of age) include prenatal, perinatal and postnatal windows in which diet, epithelial barrier integrity, microbial ecology, immune maturation and family-level implementation interact. This narrative review was developed as a Commission-proposed SIAIP-oriented clinical framework, rather than a formal guideline or consensus statement. Evidence from guidelines, systematic reviews, randomised trials, birth cohorts and mechanistic studies was o

Stress exacerbates DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis in BALB/c mice: association with modulation of the gut microbiome.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a widely recognized chronic inflammatory skin disease influenced by dietary habits, stress, genetic factors, and environmental factors. This study aimed to explore the impact of stress on AD exacerbation, as well as the associated changes in the gut microbiota. We utilized a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD mouse model subjected to chronic restraint stress (CRS). The animals were divided into four groups: normal, sham control (sham), AD, and AD+CRS. Scratching behavior was significantly increased in the AD+CRS group compared to the AD group on day 28, indica

Psoriatic arthritis in transition: cytokine signaling, immune dysregulation, and therapeutic innovation.

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an immune-mediated, chronic inflammatory condition characterized by a complicated interplay between genetic, immunologic, and environmental determinants. The literature search was conducted using electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for articles published between 2010 and 2025. Keywords such as "Psoriatic Arthritis," "biologic therapies," "targeted treatments," and "clinical trends" were used with Boolean operators. Presenting in up to 30% of those with psoriasis, PsA involves joint inflammation, enthesitis, dactylitis

Изосорбидные дистеры: механистическое понимание и терапевтическое применение кожных и нейроинфламативных расстройств.

Изосорбиды жирных кислотных диестеров представляют собой новый класс биоактивных соединений с возникающими терапевтическими видами применения при воспалительных и бескомпромиссных расстройствах. В частности, изосорбид дикаприлат (ИДК) и изосорбид дилинолат/олеат (ИДЛ) синергически укрепляют целостность эпидермального барьера, усиливают стратум роговиум гидрацию, регулируют дифференциацию кератиноцитов, подавляют проинфламационную сигнализацию и выгодно модифицируют микробиом кожи. Случайные, двойные клинические испытания как в педиатрии, так и во взрослом населении с дерматитом (AD) показывают

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Isosorbide fatty acid diesters constitute a novel class of bioactive compounds with emerging therapeutic applications in inflammatory and ba … ate keratinocyte differentiation, suppress proinflammatory signaling, and beneficially modulate the skin microbiome. Randomized, double-blind clinical trials in both pediatric and adult populations with atopic dermatitis (AD) demonstrate that topical IDC + IDL formulations significantly reduce pruritus, corticosteroid dependence, and Staphylococcus aureus coloniz …

The effects of ALA-PDT on microbiota in pilosebaceous units of patients with severe acne: A metagenomic study.

BACKGROUND: 5-aminolevulinic acid mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is increasingly used to control severe acne. However, its impact on skin microbiota remains uncertain. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the makeup, diversity, and function of the microbiota in pilosebaceous units of patients with severe acne before and after ALA-PDT. METHODS: A longitudinal cohort study was performed on 11 participants with severe facial acne. All patients were given 5%ALA-PDT every two weeks for three sessions in total. The contents of lesions were sampled for metagenomic sequencing at baseline and two

Non-Skeletal Roles of Vitamin D in Skin, Gut, and Cardiovascular Disease: Focus on Epithelial Barrier Function and Immune Regulation in Chronic Disease.

Vitamin D is increasingly recognized as a key regulator of epithelial barrier integrity and mucosal immune homeostasis, with implications ex … ns by enhancing barrier structure, suppressing Th1/Th17-driven inflammation, modulating the gut and skin microbiome, and promoting epithelial repair. Animal studies and clinical data suggest that vitamin D supplementation can restore TJ expression, reduce disease activity, and improve clinical outcomes in both intestinal and dermatologic diseases. In the cardiova …