Результаты поиска

Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity of Pyridobenzothiazolone Analogues Against Respiratory Viruses.

Cell-based phenotypic screening of a privileged in-house library composed of pyridobenzothiazolone (PBTZ) analogues was conducted against representative viruses responsible for common respiratory tract infections in humans, i.e., respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human coronavirus type OC43 (HCoV-OC43), and influenza virus type A (IFV-A). We identified a compound with broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against multiple strains of RSV, HCoV, and IFV, with EC50 values in the low micromolar range and cell-independent activity. Its antiviral activity and cytocompatibility were confirmed in a full…

Viral warfare: unleashing engineered oncolytic viruses to outsmart cancer's defenses.

Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) has emerged as a promising and innovative cancer treatment strategy that harnesses engineered viruses to selectively infect, replicate within, and destroys malignant cells while sparing healthy tissues. Beyond direct oncolysis, oncolytic viruses (OVs) exploit tumor-specific metabolic, antiviral, and immunological vulnerabilities to reshape the tumor microenvironment (TME) and initiate systemic antitumor immunity. Despite promising results from preclinical and clinical studies, several barriers, including inefficient intratumoral virus delivery, immune clearance, and…

Autophagy and Respiratory Viruses: Mechanisms, Viral Exploitation, and Therapeutic Insights.

Respiratory viruses, such as influenza virus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), continue to impose a heavy global health burden. Despite existing vaccination programs, these infections remain leading causes of morbidity and mortality, especially among vulnerable populations like children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. However, the current therapeutic options for respiratory viral infections are often limited to supportive care, underscoring the need for novel treatment strategies. Autophagy, particularly macroautophagy, has emerged as a fundamen…

Curcumin dispersed with colloidal nano-particles inhibits enteric viruses replication.

Acute gastroenteritis remains one of the most common health problems despite the progress in prevention and vaccination. The options for viral diarrhea therapy are limited and there is the need for effective treatment. Recently a novel form of the nano-dispersed curcumin that is highly bioavailable was described. This form of curcumin was well tolerated by the cells in culture and was rapidly absorbed into the blood plasma after oral administration. We tested the antiviral activity of this curcumin formulation in vitro using several viruses associated with gastrointestinal infections, like ast…

Heterologous interference between Mayaro and Chikungunya viruses in Vero cells.

PURPOSE: Mayaro virus (MAYV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are arthritogenic alphaviruses with distinct natural vectors but common vertebrate hosts, whose concomitant circulation in Central and South America provides opportunities for mixed infections in humans. In view of this, we aimed to investigate the heterologous interference between these arboviruses during coinfections and superinfections in a primate cell line. METHODS: Experimental infections with MAYV and CHIKV were performed singly, simultaneously or consecutively, and cytopathic effect, cell viability and virus load were assessed…

Потенциальные механизмы, лежащие в основе кровотечения во время заражения вирусами геморрагической лихорадки.

Вирусная геморрагическая лихорадка (VHF) описывает различные заболевания, вызванные несколькими вирусами из 6 вирусных семей: Филовиридае, Найровиридае, Фенавиридае, Генаднавиридае, Аренавиридае и Флавивиридае. Когда-то ОВЧ рассматривались как географически локализованная проблема, однако в связи с расширением диапазонов переносчиков и расширением контактов человека с животными водоемами и хост-компьютерами число случаев ОВЧ растет. Как указано в названии, ОВЧ связано с кровотечением. Как прямое воздействие вирусной инфекции клеток хостинга, так и косвенное воздействие, вызванное реакцией хост

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) describes different diseases caused by several viruses from 6 virus families: Filoviridae, Nairoviridae, Phenuiviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Arenaviridae, and Flaviviridae. VHF was once considered a geographically localized problem, but due to expanding vector ranges and increased human contact with animal reservoirs and hosts, the n…

Identification and Structural Characterization of Viroporins from Deadly Hemorrhagic Viruses.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHF-V) and Ebola virus are lethal pathogens that cause widespread outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever. Both diseases can be transmitted through contact with the bodily fluids of infected individuals, but as an arbovirus, CCHF-V is primarily transmitted through tick bites. Both of these viruses are classified as Risk Group 4 due to the appreciable health threat they pose. To date, there are few effective treatments available to combat these deadly hemorrhagic fevers. Consequently, identifying and characterizing ion channels (viroporins) encoded in the viral ge…

Cameroonian blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) harbour a plethora of RNA viruses.

Strong epidemiological evidence suggests that onchocerciasis may be associated with epilepsy-hence the name onchocerciasis-associated epilep … al families associated with human disease. Although no genomes closely related to known neurotropic viruses were found in the blackfly virome, the plethora of novel viruses representing novel species, genera and even families warrant further exploration for their potential to infect vertebrates. These results could serve as a first step for studying the v …

Temporal Dynamics, Discovery, and Emergence of Human-Transmissible RNA Viruses.

Transmissibility, the ability to spread within host populations, is a prerequisite for a pathogen to have epidemic or pandemic potential. Here, we estimate the phylogenies of human infectivity and transmissibility using 1,408 genome sequences from 743 distinct RNA virus species/types in 59 genera. By repeating this analysis using data sets censored by virus discovery date, we explore how temporal changes in the known diversity of RNA viruses-especially recent increases in recognized nonhuman viruses-have altered these phylogenies. Over time, we find significant increases in the proportion of R…

Next generation single-domain antibodies against respiratory zoonotic RNA viruses.

The global impact of zoonotic viral outbreaks underscores the pressing need for innovative antiviral strategies, particularly against respiratory zoonotic RNA viruses. These viruses possess a high potential to trigger future epidemics and pandemics due to their high mutation rate, broad host range and efficient spread through airborne transmission. Recent pandemics caused by coronaviruses and influenza A viruses underscore the importance of developing targeted antiviral strategies. Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), originating from camelids, also known as nanobodies or VHHs (Variable Heavy dom…

Oncolytic viruses: a potential breakthrough immunotherapy for multiple myeloma patients.

Oncolytic virotherapy represents an innovative and promising approach for the treatment of cancer, including multiple myeloma (MM), a currently incurable plasma cell (PC) neoplasm. Despite the advances that new therapies, particularly immunotherapy, have been made, relapses still occur in MM patients, highlighting the medical need for new treatment options. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) preferentially infect and destroy cancer cells, exerting a direct and/or indirect cytopathic effect, combined with a modulation of the tumor microenvironment leading to an activation of the immune system. Both natura…

CRISPR-Cas based genome editing for eradication of human viruses.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system possess a broad range of applications for genetic modification, diagnosis and treatment of infectious as well as non-infectious disease. The CRISPR-Cas system is found in bacteria and archaea that possess the Cas protein and guide RNA (gRNA). Cas9 and gRNA forms a complex to target and cleave the desired gene, providing defense against viral infections. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), herpesviruses, human papillomavirus (HPV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-…

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Basic Biology and Immuno-Oncolytic Viruses.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer. TNBC diagnoses account for approximately one-fifth of all … f TNBC patients, leading to partial responses and relatively low overall efficacy. Immuno-oncolytic viruses (OVs) have recently become significant in the pursuit of effective treatments for TNBC. OVs generally share the ability to ignore the heterogeneous nature of TNBC cells and allow infection throughout a treated tumor. Recent genetic engineering has a …

[Herpes viruses and human papillomavirus in prostate cancer: first results].

INTRODUCTION: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) are among the most common urological diseases in men. It has been repeatedly suggested that viral infection plays an important role in prostate carcinogenesis. AIM: To assess the relationship between viral infection and PCa, as well as the clinical and morphological features of BPH and PCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 98 patients undergoing treatment for BPH (n=48) or PCa (n=50) between 2019 and 2021 were included in the study. Real-time PCR on the surgical specimens for human papillomaviruses (HPV), herpes simp…

Tumor-killing viruses score rare success in late-stage trial.

Bladder cancer results suggest that after decades of failure, the viruses could finally reach their potential.

Polysaccharides to Combat Viruses (COVID-19) and Microbes: New updates.

COVID-19, which is speedily distributed across the world and presents a significant challenge to public health, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Following MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS, this is the third severe coronavirus outbreak in less than 20 years. To date, there are no exact agents and vaccines available for the treatment of COVID-19 that are clinically successful. Antimicrobial medications are effective in controlling infectious diseases. However, the extensive use of antibiotics makes microbes more resistant to drugs and demands nov

Population-based hospitalization burden estimates for respiratory viruses, 2015-2019.

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) result in millions of illnesses and hundreds of thousands of hospitalizations annually in the United States. The responsible viruses include influenza, parainfluenza, human metapneumovirus, coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and human rhinoviruses. This study estimated the population-based hospitalization burden of those respiratory viruses (RVs) over 4 years, from July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2019, among adults ≥18 years of age for Allegheny County (Pittsburgh), Pennsylvania. METHODS: We used population-based statewide hospital disch…

Respiratory viruses: their importance and lessons learned from COVID-19.

Respiratory virus infection can cause severe illnesses capable of inducing acute respiratory failure that can progress rapidly to acute resp … monstrated that there is also a need to understand the role of airborne transmission of respiratory viruses. Robust evidence supporting this exists, but better comprehension could help implement adequate measures to mitigate respiratory viral infections. In severe viral lung infections, early diagnosis, risk stratification and prognosis are essential in m …

Rational attenuation of RNA viruses with zinc finger antiviral protein.

Attenuation of a virulent virus is a proven approach for generating vaccines but can be unpredictable. For example, synonymous recoding of viral genomes can attenuate replication but sometimes results in pleiotropic effects that confound rational vaccine design. To enable specific, conditional attenuation of viruses, we examined target RNA features that enable zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) function. ZAP recognized CpG dinucleotides and targeted CpG-rich RNAs for depletion, but RNA features such as CpG numbers, spacing and surrounding nucleotide composition that enable specific modulation…