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Pharmacomicrobiomics in precision cancer therapy: bench to bedside.

The burgeoning field of pharmacomicrobiomics offers promising insights into the intricate interplay between the microbiome and cancer, shaping responses to diverse treatment modalities. This review aims to analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying interactions between distinct microbiota types and cancer, as well as their influence on treatment outcomes. We explore how the microbiome impacts antitumor immunity, and response to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy, unveiling its multifaceted roles in cancer progression and therapy resistance. Moreover, we discuss the challenges

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… Fusobacterium nucleatum and Parvimonas micra were found to be more prevalent, while Clostridia and Bacteroidia decreased in the gut of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients ( 61 ). … Notably, the migration of Fusobacterium nucleatum from the oral cavity to the CRC site was observed, hindering the effectiveness of radiotherapy and impacting prognosis. …

GMrepo v3: кустарная база данных о кишечном микробиоме человека с расширенным охватом заболеваний и усовершенствованным биомаркером с перекрестными данными.

GMrepo (Gut Microbiome Data Repository) представляет собой кустарную и последовательно аннотированную базу данных по метагеномам человеческого кишечника, предназначенную для повышения возможности повторного использования данных и создания возможностей для межпроектных и перекрестных сопоставлений. В этом последнем выпуске GMrepo v3 был расширен до 890 проектов и 118 965 пробегов/выборок, включая 87 048 16S rRNA и 31 917 метагеномических наборов данных. Количество аннотированных заболеваний возросло со 133 до 302, что позволило провести более комплексный микробиомический анализ, связанный с заб

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… For instance, CRC markers consistently enriched for Fusobacterium nucleatum and Gemella morbillorum across multiple metagenomic datasets exemplify reproducible disease associations. … Fusobacterium nucleatum is enriched in invasive biofilms in colorectal cancer. npj Biofilms Microbiomes. 2025;11:81. 10.1038/s41522-025-00717-7. 41. Zhang Y, Luo J, Chen Ket al. …

Epigenetic Modifications of Histones in Periodontal Disease.

Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease driven by dysbiosis, an imbalance between commensal bacteria and the host organism. Periodontitis is a leading cause of tooth loss in adults and occurs in about 50% of the US population. In addition to the clinical challenges associated with treating periodontitis, the progression and chronic nature of this disease seriously affect human health. Emerging evidence suggests that periodontitis is associated with mechanisms beyond bacteria-induced protein and tissue degradation. Here, we hypothesize that bacteria are able to induce epigenetic modificat

Microbiota-derived metabolites as modulators of cancer immunotherapy response.

The microbiome is a key regulator of host homeostasis and immune activity, in part through the production of metabolites. These microbiota-derived metabolites can modulate both the innate and adaptive immune system, as well as directly target tumour cells, thereby regulating anti-tumour immunity and response to immunotherapy. Here, we describe the current mechanistic knowledge on how these metabolites exert their effects and outline the methodologies used to detect and assess these metabolites. Finally, we summarize microbiota-targeted therapies capable of improving microbial functionality to

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… In vitro treatment of MAIT cells with both live bacteria and supernatant from the CRC-associated bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum potently activated MAIT cells via the MR1 molecule, suggesting that the mechanism of action is mediated by a secreted factor. … Fusobacterium nucleatum-derived succinic acid induces tumor resistance to immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. Cell Host Microbe 31 , 781–797 e789 (2023). 70. Wang, H. et al. The microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide promotes antitumor immunity in triple-negative breast cancer. …

The Link Between the Gut Microbiome and Bone Metastasis.

The gut microbiome is essential for regulating host metabolism, defending against pathogens, and shaping the host's immune system. Mounting evidence highlights that disruption in gut microbial communities significantly impacts cancer development and treatment. Moreover, tumor-associated microbiota, along with its metabolites and toxins, may contribute to cancer progression by promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and metastatic spread to distant organs. Bones, in particular, are common sites for metastasis due to a rich supply of growth and neovascularization factors an

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… Pathogenic microbe Fusobacterium nucleatum is implicated in CRC via the production of virulence factors involved in invasion, EMT, and disease progression [ 54 ]. … Clinical significance of Fusobacterium nucleatum, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cancer stem cell markers in stage III/IV colorectal cancer patients. Onco Targets Ther. 2017;10:5031–5046. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S145949. 56. …

Emerging insights into the gut microbiota as a key regulator of immunity and response to immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The gut microbiota, a complex microbial ecosystem closely connected to the liver via the portal vein, has emerged as a critical regulator of liver health and disease. Numerous studies have underscored its role in the onset and progression of liver disorders, including alcoholic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review provides a comprehensive overview of current insights into the influence of the gut microbiota on HCC progre

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… Fusobacterium nucleatum helps CRC cells resist chemotherapy through the TLR4-Myd88 pathway, while butyrate secreted by Faecalibacterium prausnitzii inhibits CRC cell growth. … The study also found that Fusobacterium nucleatum -specific phages isolated from human saliva, combined with drug-loaded nanoparticles, formed a nanomedicine that was safe in piglets. …

Gut microbiota shapes cancer immunotherapy responses.

The gut microbiota significantly influences cancer immunotherapy efficacy by modulating immune responses, remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME), and producing key metabolites. Strategies such as FMT, probiotics, and dietary interventions show promise in enhancing responses to ICIs and ACTs while reducing immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This review summarizes clinical and preclinical findings and discusses microbiota-based interventions and future directions for precision immunotherapy.

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… In gastrointestinal cancers, a notable enrichment of Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) has been documented 189 – 192 . In gastric cancer, Fn recruits tumor-associated neutrophils via IL17/NF-κB signaling, driving their polarization toward immunosuppressive phenotypes and increasing PD-L1 expression. … Moreover, Fusobacterium nucleatum has been found to colonize hepatic metastases via hematogenous dissemination, subsequently promoting tumor cell invasiveness through activation of the TLR4/MyD88 signaling axis 191 . …

Chemokines and their receptors in oral squamous cell carcinoma: mechanisms, clinical significance, and therapeutic implications.

Chemokines, a category of cytokines exhibiting chemotactic properties, have been thoroughly investigated as targets in cancer treatment in recent decades. In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a prevalent and high-risk malignancy of the head and neck, chemokines interact with their specific receptors to initiate downstream signaling pathways. This signaling influences not only tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of oral cancer cells but also angiogenesis and vascular maturation. Furthermore, they modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME), which consists of diverse c

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… Fusobacterium nucleatum infection can significantly upregulate CCL5 expression in malignant oral keratinocytes (MOKs) (e.g., H357, H376) by activating their transcriptional response. This elevated CCL5 induces MMP9 and VEGF-A, promoting tumor invasion and angiogenesis ( 44 ). … Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis by Mandal et al. first proposed that Fusobacterium nucleatum-positive OSCC tumorigenesis may involve CCL20 dysregulation, particularly within the Indian cohort. …

Кишечная флора связана с риском возникновения хронических неинфекционных заболеваний.

КИСЛОТА: Кишечная флора (IF) связана с риском неинфекционных заболеваний, особенно различных видов рака, инсульта и болезни Альцгеймера. Однако на различных этапах роста, развития и старения все еще существует много неопределенностей в отношении этих ассоциаций. Поэтому необходимы дальнейшие углубленные исследования. AIM: Изучение связей человека с риском заболевания на различных этапах роста, развития и старения в целях получения более точных и убедительных выводов.МЕТОДЫ: Коорт, кросс-секции, контроль за конкретными случаями и исследования по случайной менделии, опубликованные в базах данных

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… Mechanisms Fusobacterium nucleatum ( F . …

New Insights into the Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Radiotherapy for Cancer.

Cancer is the second most common cause of death among humans in the world, and the threat that it presents to human health is becoming more and more serious. The mechanisms of cancer development have not yet been fully elucidated, and new therapies are changing with each passing day. Evidence from the literature has validated the finding that the composition and modification of gut microbiota play an important role in the development of many different types of cancer. The results also demonstrate that there is a bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota and radiotherapy treatments f

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… Both the enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium nucleatum induced a tumorigenic inflammatory environment and increased the numbers of IL-17, IL-23, and neutrophils [ 31 ]. … For example, S. enterica and Fusobacterium nucleatum ( F. nucleatum ) were found to cause tumors by affecting the Wnt signaling pathway. Researchers also found that some Helicobacter spp. had pathogenicity that affected the TGF-β signaling pathway. …

Genome-wide association study of periodontal pathogen colonization.

Pathological shifts of the human microbiome are characteristic of many diseases, including chronic periodontitis. To date, there is limited evidence on host genetic risk loci associated with periodontal pathogen colonization. We conducted a genome-wide association (GWA) study among 1,020 white participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, whose periodontal diagnosis ranged from healthy to severe chronic periodontitis, and for whom "checkerboard" DNA-DNA hybridization quantification of 8 periodontal pathogens was performed. We examined 3 traits: "high red" and "high orange" bac

Role of Actinomyces spp. and related organisms in the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ): Clinical evidence based on a case series.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is an increasingly common consequence of antiresorptive treatment, which often leads to the development of necrotic exposed bone surfaces with inflammatory processes affecting the jawbone. Although the development of MRONJ is often associated with the inflammatory response or infections caused by the colonizing members of the oral microbiota, the exact pathogenesis of MRONJ is still not fully understood. In the present paper, we aimed to provide additional, microbiological culture-supported evidence, supporting the "infection hypothesis" that

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… | Identified microorganisms | CFU/mL Schaalia odontolytoca | 10 9 CFU/mL | Actinomyces naeslundii | 10 9 CFU/mL | Actinomyces naeslundii | 10 9 CFU/mL Actinomyces naeslundii | 10 7 CFU/mL | Schaalia odontolytoca | 10 9 CFU/mL | Schaalia odontolytoca | 10 9 CFU/mL Veillonella parvula | 10 7 CFU/mL | Fusobacterium … nucleatum | 10 7 CFU/mL | Parvimonas micra | 10 5 CFU/mL Eikenella corrodens | 10 7 CFU/mL | Porphyromonas gingivalis | 10 7 CFU/mL | Prevotella buccae | 10 5 CFU/mL Fusobacterium nucleatum | 10 7 CFU/mL | Filifactor alocis | 10 7 CFU/mL | Veillonella atypica | 10 5 CFU/mL Fusobacterium mortiferum | …

Protein-Based Adjuvants for Vaccines as Immunomodulators of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response: Current Knowledge, Challenges, and Future Opportunities.

New-generation vaccines, formulated with subunits or nucleic acids, are less immunogenic than classical vaccines formulated with live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens. This difference has led to an intensified search for additional potent vaccine adjuvants that meet safety and efficacy criteria and confer long-term protection. This review provides an overview of protein-based adjuvants (PBAs) obtained from different organisms, including bacteria, mollusks, plants, and humans. Notably, despite structural differences, all PBAs show significant immunostimulatory properties, eliciting B-cell- a

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… The PBAs can interact at with TLR2 (e.g., porins FomA from Fusobacterium nucleatum and major outer membrane protein [MOMP] from Shigella dysenteriae , AB-type toxins from Vibrio cholerae, lipoprotein OMP 16 from Bordetella pertussis ); with TLR4 (e.g., high-mobility group box 1 [HMGB1], heat-shock-70 … Porins from Fusobacterium nucleatum (FomA), a human oral pathogen [ 36 ], induces IL-6 secretion and cell surface upregulation of CD86 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) type II in splenic B cells. …

Impact of Periodontal Host-Modulation Therapies on Oral-Gut Microbiome Axis in Periodontitis Patients with Hematological Diseases: A Narrative Review.

Host-modulating therapies and oral microbiome-targeted approaches are emerging options in periodontal care and are especially relevant for patients undergoing immunotherapy for hematologic malignancies. Immune dysregulation induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors or CAR-T cell therapy may worsen periodontal inflammation and alter the composition and functions of the oral microbiota. Beyond these, other immunomodulatory treatments commonly employed in hematologic malignancies-including monoclonal antibodies (e.g., rituximab, daratumumab), immunomodulatory drugs (e.g., lenalidomide, thalidomide)

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… Periodontitis is characterized by pathogens like P. gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum ( F. nucleatum ) playing pivotal roles. … Extracellular vesicles of Fusobacterium nucleatum compromise intestinal barrier through targeting RIPK1-mediated cell death pathway Gut Microbes 2021 13 1 20 10.1080/19490976.2021.1902718 PMC8007154 33769187 54. Ding L. Yang L. Wang Z. Huang W. …

Combination strategies of gut microbiota in cancer therapy through metabolic reprogramming and immune remodeling.

Over the past decade, there has been a qualitative improvement in the understanding of gut microbiota in cancer development and treatment. Gut microbiota regulates metabolic reprogramming that occurs in the competition between tumor cells and immune cells for essential nutrients in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Besides, gut microbiota dysbiosis is one of the key factors leading to the formation of aging environment, which has many similarities with the TME. Accumulating research findings have demonstrated that gut microbiota enhances the efficacy of cancer therapies by activating the immun

Potential Role of Oral Microbiota in Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Cancer Patients: A Narrative Review.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe complication frequently observed in cancer patients undergoing antiresorptive therapies, such as bisphosphonates and denosumab. Emerging evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the oral microbiota plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of MRONJ. The complex interplay between microbial communities, host immune responses, and the effects of cancer treatments creates an environment conducive to pathogenic colonization, chronic inflammation, and impaired bone healing, which are the key hallmarks of MRONJ. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and

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… Among these, Fusobacterium nucleatum plays a crucial role in promoting biofilm stability and is frequently detected in MRONJ lesions. … MRONJ-associated dysbiosis is characterized by an overrepresentation of Fusobacterium nucleatum , Porphyromonas gingivalis , and other opportunistic pathogens that impair wound healing. …

The impact of the gut microbiome on tumor immunotherapy: from mechanism to application strategies.

Immunotherapy is one of the fastest developing areas in the field of oncology. Many immunological treatment strategies for refractory tumors have been approved and marketed. Nevertheless, much clinical and preclinical experimental evidence has shown that the efficacy of immunotherapy in tumor treatment varies markedly among individuals. The commensal microbiome mainly colonizes the intestinal lumen in humans, is affected by a variety of factors and exhibits individual variation. Moreover, the gut is considered the largest immune organ of the body due to its influence on the immune system. In t

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… Fusobacterium nucleatum adheres to colon tissues through its unique FadA adhesin, which binds to E-cadherin on the surface of colon cells and activates β-catenin signaling and Annexin A1, resulting in inflammatory and carcinogenic responses [ 29 , 30 ]. … Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal cancer by inducing Wnt/beta-catenin modulator Annexin A1. EMBO Rep. 2019;20(4):e47638. doi: 10.15252/embr.201847638. 31. Gur C, Ibrahim Y, Isaacson B, Yamin R, Abed J, Gamliel M, et al. …

Association of HSV-1 and Reduced Oral Bacteriota Diversity with Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis in Patients Undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Oral mucositis (OM) is a common complication of chemotherapy and remains a significant unmet need. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of oral bacteriota and HSV-1 in OM. Forty-six patients admitted for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were longitudinally evaluated for OM, Candida, HSV-1, and leukocyte count, and buccal mucosal bacterial samples were obtained during their admission period. The bacterial communities collected at the baseline and post-chemotherapy, chosen from the time with the highest severity, were analyzed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Twent

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… Associations of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum with oral ulceration were reported in a study where seven periodontopathic bacteria were tested by PCR in patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT [ 9 ]. …

Pharmacomicrobiomics in Anticancer Therapies: Why the Gut Microbiota Should Be Pointed Out.

Anticancer treatments have shown a variable therapeutic outcome that may be partly attributable to the activity of the gut microbiota on the pathology and/or therapies. In recent years, microbiota-drug interactions have been extensively investigated, but most of the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. In this review, we discuss the relationship between the gut microbiota and some of the most commonly used drugs in oncological diseases. Different strategies for manipulating the gut microbiota layout (i.e., prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantati

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… In particular, induction of the autophagy pathway by TAB, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum , has been shown to reduce apoptotic cell death, thereby promoting chemoresistance [ 114 ]. … Fusobacterium Nucleatum Promotes Chemoresistance to Colorectal Cancer by Modulating Autophagy Cell 2017 170 548 563.e16 10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.008 28753429 PMC5767127 115. Bullman S. Pedamallu C.S. Sicinska E. Clancy T.E. Zhang X. Cai D. Neuberg D. Huang K. Guevara F. Nelson T. …

Probiotics: Potential Benefits and Safety in Hematological Malignancies.

Cancer remains one of the most significant global health challenges, with increasing incidence and mortality rates and a substantial socioeconomic burden. Traditional cancer treatments such as chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation therapies, while effective, have significant adverse effects on the body, prompting the search for less invasive treatment options. In recent years, probiotics have emerged as a promising alternative in the prevention and treatment of cancer and its associated complications, especially in gastrointestinal malignancies. Probiotics have been found to have several benefi

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… Enrichment of Prevotella intermedia in human colorectal cancer and its additive effects with Fusobacterium nucleatum on the malignant transformation of colorectal adenomas . J Biomed Sci. 2022;1(29):88–88. doi: 10.1186/s12929-022-00869-0. Torp AM, Bahl MI, Boisen A, Licht TR. …