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Advanced Diagnostic Techniques

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… Myeloid sarcomas, histiocytic sarcomas, follicular thyroid carcinoma. Endocrine and steroidogenic tumors, granular cell tumors. RER Common; active protein synthesis (immunoglobulins, matrix, neuroendocrine, lysosomes). Fibrosarcoma, plasmacytoma, osteosarcoma. … Myeloid leukemias, histiocytic sarcoma, prostatic and neuroendocrine tumors. Serous/zymogen granules Large (up to 1000 nm), single membrane–bound with a dense to pale matrix and no halo. …

Трансдифференциация новообразования плазменных клеток в острую миэлоидную лейкемию с моноциклическими характеристиками: сообщение о разном фенотипе с идентичным генотипом.

Myeloid malignatures после обработки опухолей плазменных клеток (PCN) встречается редко, но является серьезным осложнением, часто демонстрируя сложные кариотипы и мутации TP53. Нечасто сообщается о переходе на миелиоидную гадость с явной клональной связью. Здесь мы сообщаем об уникальном случае острой лейкемии миэлоида с моноцитической дифференциацией, которая разделяет клональные свойства с предшествующей плазменной клеточной миэломой с t (t)4;14) FGFR3:IGH. Это явление отличается от связанной с терапией миэлоидной неоплазмы, вызванной не связанным с ней клоном, и подчеркивает необходимость р

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… The mutational landscape of histiocytic sarcoma associated with lymphoid malignancy. Mod. Pathol. 2021;34(2):336–347. doi: 10.1038/s41379-020-00673-x. FebEpub 2020 Sep 14. PMID: 32929178; PMCID: PMC9161669. 8. Xie H., Ye M., Feng R., Graf T. Stepwise reprogramming of B cells into macrophages. …

Advanced Diagnostic Techniques

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Oral chemotherapy agents in cats: clinical uses, administration and side effects.

PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: Cancer is a very common disease in cats, and many feline patients will require chemotherapy as part of their treatment plan, either as a sole agent or as part of multimodality therapy. Although some general practitioners might be reluctant to undertake injectable chemotherapy, oral chemotherapy may feel like a more acceptable treatment option to manage in practice. CLINICAL CHALLENGES: The small body size of many cats means that tablet sizes made for the human market are less appropriate, which creates dosing challenges. The administration of oral medication can also be a

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… Histiocytic diseases Feline histiocytic diseases are rare and not well described in the literature, but are generally divided into histiocytic sarcoma, feline progressive histiocytosis and pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis. 104 Prognosis is guarded to poor and treatment protocols are not well … Renal histiocytic sarcoma in a cat undergoing nephrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Vet Record Case Reports 2023; 11. DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.660. 107. de Sena BV, Turquete P, Pimentel PAB. et al. …

BREAST

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Case Report: Lenalidomide as a novel maintenance therapy for metastatic follicular dendritic cell sarcoma.

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare, low- to intermediate-grade malignancy arising from mesenchymal-derived follicular dendritic cells, which can also present with high-grade pathological features and may rapidly become fatal. Conventional therapeutic strategies, primarily consisting of surgical resection with adjunctive systemic chemotherapy, such as gemcitabine-docetaxel, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, or other regimens, remain inconsistently effective, with median survival notably reduced in advanced or recurrent disease. Given the limited therapeutic options and frequent relapse,

Rare Diseases of the Orbit.

This article provides an overview of rare orbital diseases. Congenital malformations, inflammatory diseases, benign and malignant neoplasias are described. Although it represents a relatively small area of the body the orbit contains multiple different tissues. Therefore, a great variety of diseases can be found within the orbital space. That is the reason, why both the completeness and the level of detail in the description of particular diseases must be somewhat limited. Nevertheless, clinical manifestations, important aspects of diagnosis, treatment strategies, and, when specific data are a

Prognostic and functional role of the nuclear export receptor 1 (XPO1) in gastrointestinal cancers: a potential novel target?

In the last decades the survival of metastatic gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients could have been significantly extended due to the introduction of targeted- and immunotherapy. However, only the minority of patients will experience long-lasting survival. Hence, novel therapeutics are clearly necessary for GI cancer patients. Molecular high-throughput profiling techniques have revealed potential novel targetable molecular alterations, emphasizing the necessity for tailored therapeutic approaches. Nuclear export proteins, particularly Exportin-1 (XPO1), have emerged as promising targets in ca

Validation of nine prognostic models in patients with bone metastases undergoing surgery.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to 1) assess the prognostic performance of established prediction models for mortality in patients with spine and extremity bone metastases, 2) evaluate their performance in clinically relevant subgroups, and 3) study the importance of relevant patient characteristics for mortality prediction. METHODS: Between 29th May, 2000 and 21st April, 2022, a total of 526 patients (median age 67.0 years, interquartile range [IQR] 58.1 - 74.0 years], 271 males; median follow-up 267 days [IQR 86 - 856 days]) undergoing surgery for spine or extremity bone metastases were retrospectivel

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… The prediction model proposed by Bollen et al .[ 14 ] was analysed two times, once adhering to the study population the model was developed on, i.e. excluding patients with tumours from haematological origin (multiple myeloma, lymphoma, myeloic sarcoma, histiocytic sarcoma), and once on the entire patient … sarcoma | 1 | 1 | 0 Lymphoma | 3 | 3 | 0 Mesothelioma | 1 | 1 | 0 Myeloic sarcoma | 1 | 1 | 0 Neuroblastoma | 1 | 1 | 0 Neuroendocrine cancer | 1 | 0 | 1 Ovarian cancer | 1 | 1 | 0 Pancreas/pancreaticobilliariy cancer | 6 | 4 | 2 Penile cancer | 1 | 1 | 0 Phaeochromocytoma | 1 | 1 | 0 Seminoma | 1 | …

Pleural effusion aetiology, presentation, treatment and outcome in haematological diseases: a review.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Pleural effusions (PE) can complicate the course of hematologic disorders (HD) and may arise in the form of malignant PE or as a consequence of non-neoplastic complications. While a certain amount of data has been published regarding infectious and iatrogenic HD-associated PE (HPE), no comprehensive review regarding the other types of HPE has ever been conducted. To address this issue, we performed a systematic review of the literature regarding HPE, focusing on the clinical and chemical characteristics of PE, therapeutic approaches and ì outcomes at the one-year follow-up.

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… sarcoma, 1 case of primary fibrous histiocytoma and 1 case of Rosai-Dorfman disease). … Other haematological disorders Our analysis included 2 cases of Castleman disease, 2 cases of PTLD, 1 case of histiocytic sarcoma, 1 case of primary fibrous histiocytoma, and 1 case of Rosai-Dorfman disease. The majority of these patients (85.7%) presented PE at HD diagnosis. …

Integumentary System

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Toxicity of zoledronic acid after intravenous administration: A retrospective study of 95 dogs.

BackgroundThere is a paucity of veterinary literature on the safety or outcome of zoledronic acid (ZA) use in dogs for either bone pain or hypercalcemia.Hypothesis/objectivesThe primary aim was to report the adverse events in dogs receiving intravenous administration of ZA.AnimalsNinety-five dogs with ZA use.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed; all dogs that received at least 1 dose of ZA and had a serum biochemistry profile performed before and after treatment were reviewed. Diagnosis, indication for treatment, adverse events and survival times were recorded.ResultsNinety-five d

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… The other was a 4‐year‐old female neutered Bernese Mountain dog, which received ZA (0.2 mg/kg) for palliative management of an appendicular histiocytic sarcoma. Urea and creatinine were 190 and 4.42 mg/dL, respectively, at the time of the third administration of ZA. … Outcomes of dogs with confirmed neoplasia that received ZA Of the 95 dogs treated, 72 had definitive diagnoses of: appendicular osteosarcoma (n = 24), histiocytic sarcoma (n = 9), anal sac adenocarcinoma (n = 8), soft tissue sarcoma (n = 5), nonappendicular osteosarcoma (n = 4), poorly differentiated …

Solitary osseous plasmacytomas in dogs: 13 cases (2004-2019).

ObjectivesTo further characterise solitary osseous plasmacytoma in dogs, an extremely rare disease. To describe diagnosis, disease progression and treatment outcomes in dogs with solitary osseous plasmacytoma.Materials and methodsRetrospective review of dogs with solitary osseous plasmacytomas that were diagnosed and treated at a single institution from 2005 to 2019. Kaplan-Meier single group survival analysis was used to estimate median survival time and progression-free interval.ResultsThirteen dogs met the inclusion criteria for the study, and of those, 11 were treated. The median age at di

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… sarcoma 6 | Vertebra C6 | Palliative RT, vincristine, melphalan and prednisone | Melphalan CTX doxorubicin | Fifth rib | 820 | 1898 | Congestive heart failure and visceral hemangiosarcoma 7 | Left second and third carpal bones | Definitive RT | CTX melphalan and prednisone vincristine chlorambucil | … Two dogs died without SOP progression, one (Dog 5) from metastatic histiocytic sarcoma (CD3‐, CD18+, Iba1+, Mum1‐) 545 days after diagnosis and the other (Dog 1) with no cause of death recorded 1166 days after diagnosis. …

MR imaging findings in some rare neurological complications of paediatric cancer.

Neurological complications of paediatric cancers are a substantial problem. Complications can be primary from central nervous system (CNS) spread or secondary from indirect or remote effects of cancer, as well as cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. In this review, we present the clinical and imaging findings of rare but important neurological complications in paediatric patients with cancer. Neurological complications are classified into three phases: pre-treatment, treatment and post-remission. Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes, hyperviscosity syndrome, haemophag

Twenty-fifth annual general meeting of the British Association for Cancer Research. Abstracts of invited and profferred papers.

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Application of dendritic cell extracellular vesicles as a valid nanoparticle platform for cancer therapies: a narrative review.

The prevalence of cancers has actually increased during the last few decades, affecting almost all human societies. Despite progress in therapeutic protocols, cancer is still the main cause of global human mortality. Although the advancement of modern immunotherapeutic approaches can increase the survival rate of cancer patients, new modalities are essential for improved therapeutic outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles and are used for cell-free approaches instead of direct whole cell-based administration. It has been thought that EVs can reduce the risks and side eff

Dabrafenib plus trametinib in BRAFV600E-mutated rare cancers: the phase 2 ROAR trial.

BRAFV600E alterations are prevalent across multiple tumors. Here we present final efficacy and safety results of a phase 2 basket trial of dabrafenib (BRAF kinase inhibitor) plus trametinib (MEK inhibitor) in eight cohorts of patients with BRAFV600E-mutated advanced rare cancers: anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (n = 36), biliary tract cancer (n = 43), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (n = 1), adenocarcinoma of the small intestine (n = 3), low-grade glioma (n = 13), high-grade glioma (n = 45), hairy cell leukemia (n = 55) and multiple myeloma (n = 19). The primary endpoint of investigator-assessed o

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… Cancers such as histiocytic sarcoma of the brain and ameloblastoma, which are very rare and have no defined standard of care, have shown benefit with dabrafenib plus trametinib in the NCI-MATCH study. … Trametinib and dabrafenib in histiocytic sarcoma transdifferentiated from chronic lymphocytic leukemia with a K-RAS and a unique BRAF mutation. Ann. Hematol. 99 , 649–651 (2020). 29. Campos, M. P. et al. …

Vertebral giant cell tumour of bone in a domestic shorthair cat.

Case summaryA 10-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented with a 5-month history of progressive non-ambulatory paraparesis. Initial vertebral column radiographs revealed an L2-L3 expansile osteolytic lesion. Spinal MRI showed a well-demarcated, compressive expansile extradural mass lesion affecting the caudal lamina, caudal articular processes and right pedicle of the second lumbar vertebra. The mass was hypointense/isointense on T2-weighted images, isointense on T1-weighted images and had mild homogeneous contrast enhancement after gadolinium administration. MRI of the rema

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… Differential diagnosis of vertebral neoplasms included osteosarcoma (OSA), fibrosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, haemangiosarcoma, plasma cell tumours (multiple myeloma, plasmacytoma), histiocytic sarcoma and lymphoma. …

Clinical validation of a next-generation sequencing-based multi-cancer early detection "liquid biopsy" blood test in over 1,000 dogs using an independent testing set: The CANcer Detection in Dogs (CANDiD) study.

Cancer is the leading cause of death in dogs, yet there are no established screening paradigms for early detection. Liquid biopsy methods that interrogate cancer-derived genomic alterations in cell-free DNA in blood are being adopted for multi-cancer early detection in human medicine and are now available for veterinary use. The CANcer Detection in Dogs (CANDiD) study is an international, multi-center clinical study designed to validate the performance of a novel multi-cancer early detection "liquid biopsy" test developed for noninvasive detection and characterization of cancer in dogs using n

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… Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) based methods have been previously explored in the veterinary space for prognosis in canine lymphoid neoplasia, using cfDNA concentration measurements [ 19 ]; for detection of small genomic alterations in canine histiocytic sarcoma, oral malignant melanoma, and multicentric lymphoma … Circulating tumor DNA is detectable in canine histiocytic sarcoma, oral malignant melanoma, and multicentric lymphoma. Sci Rep-uk. 2021;11: 877. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80332-y 21. Kruglyak KM, Chibuk J, McLennan L, Nakashe P, Hernandez GE, Motalli-Pepio R, et al. …

Paraneoplastic Syndrome After Kidney Transplantation: Frequency, Risk Factors, Differences to Paraneoplastic Occurrence of Glomerulonephritis in the Native Kidney, and Implications on Long-Term Kidney Graft Function.

Posttransplant malignancies are an important complication of solid organ transplantation. Kidney transplant recipients are at particularly high risk of cancer development. The most relevant risk factors of carcinogenesis are the use of immunosuppressive agents and oncogenic viral infections. Additionally, immune dysregulation caused by these factors may predispose to various types of organ damage. Paraneoplastic glomerular diseases are one of the most interesting and understudied cancer manifestations. The appropriate diagnosis of paraneoplastic glomerular damage can be challenging in kidney t